Notes on Homeostasis and Mutations of General Biology | BIOL 1001, Study notes of Biology

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Biology Chapter 1 Study Guide Biology- the science of living organisms and life processes The characteristics of life:

1. Complex and organized structures
2. Response to stimuli (a change outside or inside leads to another change)
3. Homeostasis (ability to maintain the structure and regulate environment)
4. Ability to acquire material and energy
5. Growth
6. Reproduction (either sexual or asexual)
7. Ability to evolve Homeostasis-the ability to maintain the structure and regulate the internal environment In order to stay alive and function, organisms must keep the conditions within their bodies fairly constant The material and energy acquired by organisms is used to maintain a high level of complexity and organization to grow and reproduce Heterotrophs-organisms that use food and raw materials for energy Autotrophs-organisms use sunlight to produce energy that is sugar enriched Metabolism- sum total of all chemical reactions that occur inside an organism Mutations- changes in DNA that are slow and ever present which are passed on generation by generation Domains- major orgazational groups that all organisms are categorized in Two prokaryotic domains: Bacteria and Archaea One eukaryotic domain: Eukarya The first difference in domains is cell type Kingdom Cell Type Bacteria Prokaryotic Archaea Prokaryotic Protista Eukaryotic Fungi Eukaryotic Plantae Eukaryotic Animalia Eukaryotic

The second property is how many cells the organism has: unicellular or multicellular The third property is how the organism obtains nutrients/energy Three basic methods:

1. Photosynthesis
2. Absorption
3. Ingestion Kingdom Cell Type Cell Number Nutritional Method Bacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular Absorp./photosyn. Archaea Prokaryotic Unicellular Absorp./photosyn. Protista Eukaryotic Unicellular Absorp./photosyn./ingestion Fungi Eukaryotic Multicellular Absorption Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular Photosynthesis Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular Ingestion