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NPTE-GAIT, PROSTHETICS,
ORTHOTICS 100% DETAILED
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
2025/2026 STUDY SET
CAUSES OF LATERAL TRUNK BENDING (SELECTED ORTHOTIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
IN A KAFO: MEDIAL UPRIGHT TOO HIGH; INSUFFICIENT HEEL LIFT; SHORT LEG; POOR
BALANCE; HIP PAIN, WEAK OR TIGHT ABDUCTORS ON THE ORTHOTIC SIDE
CAUSES OF CIRCUMDUCTION (SELECTED ORTHOTIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
LOCKED KNEE, EXCESSIVE PF (INADEQUATE STOP OR CONTRACTURE), WEAK HIP FLEXORS,
WEAK DF - NOTE THIS CAN ALL CAUSE VAULTING AS WELL
CAUSES OF ANTERIOR TRUNK BENDING (SELECTED ORTHOTIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
INADEQUATE KNEE LOCK, WEAK QUADRICEPS, HIP OR KNEE FLEXION CONTRACTURE
CAUSES OF POSTERIOR TRUNK BENDING (SELECTED ORTHOTIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
INADEQUATE HIP LOCK, WEAK GLUTEUS MAXIMUS; KNEE ANKYLOSIS
CAUSES OF HYPEREXTENDED KNEE (SELECTED ORTHOTIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
INADEQUATE PF STOP, INADEQUATE KNEE LOCK; POOR FIT OF CALF BAND; WEAK
QUADRICEPS; LOOSE KNEE LIGAMENTS OR EXTENSOR SPASTICITY (QUADS); PES EQUINUS
CAUSES OF KNEE INSTABILITY (SELECTED ORTHOTIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
INADEQUATE DF STOP, INADEQUATE KNEE LOCK AND/OR HIP FLEXION CONTRACTURE; WEAK
QUADRICEPS; KNEE PAIN
CAUSES OF FOOT SLAP (SELECTED ORTHOTIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
INADEQUATE DF ASSIST, INADEQUATE PF STOP; WEAK DF
CAUSES OF TOES FIRST (SELECTED ORTHOTIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
INADEQUATE DF ASSIST, INADEQUATE PF STOP; INADEQUATE HEEL LIFT; HEEL PAIN,
EXTENSOR SPASTICITY, PES EQUINUS, SHORT LEG
CAUSES OF FLAT FOOT (SELECTED ORTHOTIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
INADEQUATE LONGITUDINAL ARCH SUPPORT, PES PLANUS
CAUSES OF PRONATION (SELECTED ORTHOTIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
TRANSVERSE PLANE MALALIGNMENT, WEAK INVERTERS, PES VALGUS, SPASTICITY, GENU
VALGUM
CAUSES OF SUPINATION (SELECTED ORTHOTIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
TRANSVERSE PLANE MALALIGNMENT; WEAK EVERTERS, SPASTICITY, PES VARUS, GENU
VARUM
CAUSES OF EXCESSIVE STANCE WIDTH (SELECTED ORTHOTIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
KAFO OF MEDIAL UPRIGHT TOO HIGH; KNEE IS LOCKED; ABDUCTION CONTRACTURE; POOR
BALANCE; SOUND LIMB IS TOO SHORT
PRESSURE SENSITIVE TRANSTIBIAL REGIONS
1) FIBULAR NERVE 2) FIBULAR HEAD AND NECK 3) ANTERIOR TIBIA 4) TIBIAL CREST
PRESSURE TOLERANT TRANSTIBIAL REGIONS
1) PATELLA TENDON 2) MEDIAL TIBIA PLATEAU 3) TIBIA AND FIBULAR SHAFTS 4) DISTAL END
(RARELY SENSITIVE)
LONG PROSTHESIS, LOCKED KNEE, SMALL OR LOOSE SOCKET, INADEQUATE SUSPENSION,
FOOT PLANTAR FLEXED, ABDUCTION CONTRACTURE, POOR KNEE CONTROL
CAUSES OF ABDUCTED GAIT (TRANSFERMORAL SELECTED PROSTHETIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
MEDIAL WALL DISCOMFORT, LONG PROSTHESIS, LOW LATERAL WALL OR MALALIGNMENT,
TIGHT HIP ABDUCTORS
CAUSES OF VAULTING (TRANSFERMORAL SELECTED PROSTHETIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
PROSTHESIS TOO LONG, INADEQUATE SUSPENSION, SOCKET TOO SMALL, PROSTHETIC FOOT
SET IN TOO MUCH PF, TOO LITTLE KNEE FLEXION
CAUSES OF LATERAL TRUNK BENDING (TRANSFERMORAL SELECTED PROSTHETIC GAIT
DEVIATIONS)
LOW LATERAL WALL, WEAK ABDUCTORS, HIGH MEDIAL WALL, SHORT PROSTHESIS,
ABDUCTOR CONTRACTURE, HIP PAIN, SHORT RESIDUAL LIMB
CAUSES OF FORWARD FLEXION (TRANSFERMORAL SELECTED PROSTHETIC GAIT
DEVIATIONS)
TRUNK BENDS FORWARD, UNSTABLE KNEE UNIT, SHORT AMBULATORY AIDS, HIP FLEXION
CONTRACTURE
CAUSES OF LUMBAR LORDOSIS IN STANCE (TRANSFERMORAL SELECTED PROSTHETIC GAIT
DEVIATIONS)
HIP FLEXION CONTRACTURE, WEAK ABDOMINALS, WEAK HIP EXTENSORS, INSUFFICIENT
ANTERIOR OR POSTERIOR WALL SUPPORT, PAINFUL ISCHIAL WB
CAUSES OF HIGH HEEL RAISE (TRANSFERMORAL SELECTED PROSTHETIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
DURING EARLY SWING THE HEEL RISES EXCESSIVELY; INADEQUATE KNEE FRICTION, TOO
LITTLE TENSION IN THE EXTENSION AID
CAUSES OF TERMINAL SWING IMPACT (TRANSFERMORAL SELECTED PROSTHETIC GAIT
DEVIATIONS)
INSUFFICIENT KNEE FRICTION OR TOO MUCH TENSION IN THE EXTENSION AID; PT FEARS
KNEE WILL BUCKLE; FORCEFUL HIP FLEXION
CAUSES OF SWING PHASE WHIPS (TRANSFERMORAL SELECTED PROSTHETIC GAIT
DEVIATIONS)
AT TOE OFF THE HEEL MOVES LATERAL OR MEDIAL; SOCKET IS ROTATED, KNEE BOLT IS
ROTATED, FOOT MALALIGNED
CAUSES OF FOOT ROTATION AT HEEL STRIKE (TRANSFERMORAL SELECTED PROSTHETIC
GAIT DEVIATIONS)
FOOT IS MALALIGNED, STIFF HEEL CUSHION, STIFF PF BUMPER
CAUSES OF FOOT SLAP (TRANSFERMORAL SELECTED PROSTHETIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
SOFT HEEL CUSHION OR SOFT PF BUMPER
CAUSES OF UNEVEN STEP LENGTH (TRANSFERMORAL SELECTED PROSTHETIC GAIT
DEVIATIONS)
SOCKET DISCOMFORT, HIP FLEXION CONTRACTURE OR HIP INSTABILITY, POOR ALIGNMENT
CAUSES OF EXCESSIVE KNEE FLEXION DURING STANCE (TRANSTIBIAL SELECTED
PROSTHETIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
SOCKET ALIGNED TOO FAR FORWARD OR TILTED ANTERIORLY, PF BUMPER IS TOO HARD AND
LIMITS PF, HIGH HEEL SHOES, KNEE FLEXION CONTRACTURE, WEAK QUADS
CAUSES OF INADEQUATE KNEE FLEXION DURING STANCE (TRANSTIBIAL SELECTED
PROSTHETIC GAIT DEVIATIONS)
SOCKET ALIGNED TOO FAR BACK OR TILTED POSTERIORLY, PF BUMPER OR HEEL CUSHION
TOO SOFT, LOW HEEL SHOES, ANTERODISTAL DISCOMFORT, WEAK QUADS
