NR 222 Final Exam Questions & Answers, Exams of Nursing

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NR 222 Final Exam Questions & Answers 2023-2024 Latest Health - Correct answer State of physical, mental and social functioning that realizes the potential of which a person is capable Wellness - Correct answer State toward a higher level of functioning- improved physical and mental health state Illness - Correct answer Social construct in which people are in an imbalanced, unsustainable relationship with their environment and are failing in ability to survive and create higher quality of life Disease - Correct answer failure of a persons adaptive mechanisms to adequately counteract stimuli and stresses, resulting structural or functional damage Wellness-Illness continuum - Correct answer A paradigm that is bipolar, interactive portrayal of health and illness in myriad configurations, ranging from high level wellness to depletion of health Clinical model of health - Correct answer absence of signs and symptoms of disease- conventional model of the discipline of medicine Empathy - Correct answer ability to understand anothers feelings without losing personal identity and perspective Various models of health (4) - Correct answer Clinical model, role performance model, adaptive model, eudamonistic Which model of health states that health is absence of disease, illness is presence of disease, danger of not seeking help soon enough - Correct answer Clinical model P a g e 1 | 17 Which model of health is the persons ability to participate in work, family and community - Correct answer Role-performance model Which model of health is the ability to positively make changes in health conditions - Correct answer Adaptive model Which model of health states that the exuberant well-being indicates optimal health - Correct answer Eudamonistic model Helps to guide health system to promote health, helps to form healthcare for everybody, eliminates health disparity, increases healthy life span and provides preventative care. - Correct answer Health people 2020 Levels of prevention - Correct answer Primary- prevention Secondary- Assessment and Treatment Tertiary- Follow up care Which level of prevention is the prevention of smoking - Correct answer Primary Which level of prevention is the care of respiratory patient - Correct answer Secondary Which level of prevention is promotion strategies to improve life with COPD - Correct answer Tertiary Gordons 11 functional health patterns - Correct answer Health-perception/health- management Nutritional-metabolic P a g e 2 | 17 Advocate - Correct answer One who pleads the cause of another Health care reform - Correct answer Obamacare Health Maintenance Organization - Correct answer the prototypical managed care structure that encompasses 2 possibilities: health plan where providers assume the financial risk OR a health plan that uses primary care providers as gatekeepers. Hospitalist - Correct answer a physician whose professional focus is caring for hospitalized individuals Lobbyist - Correct answer Registered representative of a special interest group Managed care - Correct answer System that seeks to manage the cost, quality, and access of health care. Medicaid - Correct answer Combined federal and state program- provides access to care for the poor and medically needy of all ages Medicare - Correct answer federal health insurance program that finacnces health care for those over 65, those disable, and those with end-stage renal disease Preferred Provider Organizations - Correct answer Network of providers who agree to deliver serviced for discounted fee -no financial risk to provide Primary Care - Correct answer basic health care that emphasizes health needs rather than specialized care- PREVENTION P a g e 5 | 17 What is CMS and what do they do? - Correct answer Centers for Medicare/Medicare and CHIP. Branch of US dept of health and human services. Federal agency which administers Medicare, Medicaid and CHIP; and provides info to health professions, regional governments and consumers. What is WHO and what do they do? - Correct answer World Health Organization- responsible for providing leaderships on global health matters, shaping health research agenda, setting norms and standards, evidenced based policy options, providing tech support to countries, monitoring and assessing health trends How do official agencies impact nursing and healthcare? - Correct answer They provide information and promote changes that will improve healthcare. Provide federal funds to help promote health changes. Communication process - Correct answer Process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs and behaviors Feedback - Correct answer Monitoring systems through which a person/group controls the internal/external responses to behavior and accommodates the responses appropriately. Metacommunication - Correct answer Phenomenon that refers to a message about a message (reading between the lines) Nonverbal communication - Correct answer type of communication that is not verbal Rapport - Correct answer harmony and an affinity between people in a relationship Self-disclosure - Correct answer sharing aspects of the self P a g e 6 | 17 Self- esteem - Correct answer the affective component of self-perception, how one feels about themselves Therapeutic use of self - Correct answer application of cognition, perceptions and behaviors to create interpersonal encounters that promote health in anaother person, family, group or community Verbal communication - Correct answer Transmission of messages using spoken or written words What are the steps involved with communication - Correct answer Exchange information, thoughts and feelings List factors for effective communications - Correct answer Value clarification- know our own values and what we are comfortable with Do not impose own values on clients Therapeutic use of self (self concept and self esteem) What are the barriers to effective communication - Correct answer Language, cognitive impairment, hearing/visual impairment, unresponsiveness Stages of a therapeutic relationship - Correct answer Orientation/introductory phase (meet and greet); Working Phase (interactions/building relationship), Termination Phase (handing over care, ending relationship) Accountability - Correct answer ability to answer for ones own actions Autonomy - Correct answer the right to determine what treatments or interventions one will accept P a g e 7 | 17 7- Participates in advancement of professions thought practice, education, knowledge development 8- Collaboration with other professional to promote health 9- Responsible for articulating nursing values, integrity of profession and shaping social policy Process of solving an ethical dilemma - Correct answer 1. Ask if this is an ethical dilemma 2. Gather all relevant information 3. Clarify values 4. Verbalize the problem 5. Identify possible courses of action 6. Negotiate a plan 7. Evaluate the plan Family function - Correct answer Process of continual change in the system as information and energy are exchanged between the family and environment Risk factor theory - Correct answer Theory that a risk estimate can be obtained by comparing the frequency of deaths, illnesses , or injuries from a specific cause in a group that has a specific trait. Systems theory - Correct answer Theory that provides an overall framework in which otherwise unconnected parts can be integrated Coping - Correct answer ability to deal with difficulties by finding a balance between acceptance and action and between letting go and taking control Distress - Correct answer chronic or excessive stress P a g e 10 | 17 Eustress - Correct answer stress that can be challenging and useful Stress - Correct answer Negative physical, psychological, social, and spiritual effects of life's pressures and events Stress response - Correct answer an adaptive, short-term, acute response to a stressor Stressor - Correct answer any psychological, social, environmental, physiological, or spiritual stimulus that disrupts homeostasis Allopathic medicine - Correct answer system of medicine which focuses and treatsthe disease Alternative/complementary theories - Correct answer focus on healing mind, body, spirit. Holism - Correct answer People are not just physical bodies- have emotions and spirits Denver DevelopmentalScreening (DDST II) - Correct answer Standardized tool that screens for developmental problems in children birth to 6 yrs Learning - Correct answer process of gaining knowledge or skills that results from exposure, experience, education and evaluation Maturation - Correct answer Increase in competence and adaptability - function at higher level P a g e 11 | 17 Erickson theory : Infancy - Correct answer Trust vs. Mistrust Erickson theory : Toddler - Correct answer Autonomy vs. shame/doubt Erickson theory : Preschool - Correct answer Initiative vs. guilt Erickson theory : School-age - Correct answer Industry vs. Inferiority Erickson theory : Adolescence - Correct answer Identity vs. Role Confusion Erickson theory : Young Adult - Correct answer Intimacy vs. Isolation Erickson theory : Middle Adult - Correct answer Generativity vs. Stagnation Erickson theory : Older Adult - Correct answer Ego integrity vs. despair Failure to thrive - Correct answer infants who fail to gain weight, resulting from faily to obtain or use necessary calories SIDS - Correct answer Sudden Infant Death Syndrome- unexplained and unexpected death of infant who has been healthy Infant development- physical changes - Correct answer Head circumference, height and weight, teeth formation Weaning from sippy cup begins at what age? - Correct answer 5-6 months P a g e 12 | 17 Delirium - Correct answer Condition of severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function Dementia - Correct answer Pathological condition that affects cognition in old age Successful and unsuccessful tasks for this age? - Correct answer Successful- honest acceptance of life at peace Unsuccessful - fear of death/despair Primary safety concerns for Older Adult? - Correct answer Suicide- highest in elderly; falls, osteoporosis, preveninting injury (car), alcohol and drug use Assault - Correct answer any intentional threat to bring harm to someone Battery - Correct answer Intentional touching without consent Civil Law - Correct answer protects the rights of the individual (fine) Common Law - Correct answer Judicial decision concerning individual cases (negligence/malpractice) Criminal Law - Correct answer Prevent harm to society and to provide punishment for crimes (felonies/misdemeanors) Defamation of character - Correct answer Insult of ones character P a g e 15 | 17 Felony - Correct answer serious crime usually with penalty of imprisonment for longer than 1 year Libel - Correct answer Written defamation of character Malpractice - Correct answer professional negligence, below standard of care Negligence - Correct answer Conduct that falls below standard of care Nurse practice act - Correct answer describes and defines the legal boundaries of nursing practice in each state Who determines the Nurse Practice Act - Correct answer Legislatures Risk Management - Correct answer System of ensuring appropriate nursing care that attempts to identify potential hazards and eliminate them before harm occurs What must happen to prove negligence? - Correct answer 1. Nurse owes duty 2. Nurse did not carry out duty or breached it 3. Patient was injured 4. Injury due to nurses failure to carry out duty Americans with Disabilities Act - Correct answer Protects rights of disabled/HIV-AIDS Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act - Correct answer Patient dumping act- hospitals mandated to treat and stabilize Mental Health Parity Act - Correct answer Mental health coverage equal to physical health coverage P a g e 16 | 17 Uniform Anatomical Gift Act - Correct answer Individual 18+ can decide to donate organs HIPPA - Correct answer Provides rights to patients and protects employees Restraints guidelines - Correct answer Ensure safety of others and patients, less restrictive measures have failed, written order with specific time frames. Examples - Advanced Directives - Correct answer Living wills, durable power of attorney What are the state statutes that impact nurses - Correct answer States licensure- NCLEX; Good Samaritan laws; Public Health Laws; Uniform Determination of Death Act; Physician Assisted Suicide. MAGNET hospitals provide - Correct answer strong leadership, reasonable amount of supplies, CEU, distinction, honor, improved and strengthened healthcare. 6 Standards of practice identified by ANA - Correct answer ADPIE- Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcomes, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation What does the scope of practice describe? - Correct answer Who, what, when, where, why and how of nursing practice P a g e 17 | 17