NR 283 PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECTLY SOLVED ANSWERS: GUARANTEE PASS, Exams of Nursing

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NR 283 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

WITH 100% CORRECTLY SOLVED

ANSWERS: GUARANTEE PASS

1. Students in a histology class are assigned to identify regions of the lung. The slide shows a basement membrane, capillary lumen, and macrophages. The students are looking at the: A. Trachea B. Bronchioles C. Alveoli D. Bronchus -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Alveoli
2. An aide asks a nurse how surfactant works. How should the nurse respond? Surfactant facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by: A. Decreasing thoracic compliance B. Attracting water to the alveolar surface C. Decreasing surface tension in alveoli D. Increasing diffusion in alveoli -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Decreasing surface tension in alveoli
3. A 30-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident and sustains trauma to the lungs and chest wall. He experiences respiratory failure. Which of the following lab values would the nurse expect? A. Electrolyte imbalances B. Elevated PaCO C. Low hematocrit D. Elevated pH -- Correct Answer ✔✔ B. Elevated PaCO

4. A 65-year-old male recently had a cerebrovascular accident that resulted in dysphagia. He now has aspiration of gastric contents. The nurse assesses the patient for which complication? A. Pneumonia B. Bronchiectasis C. Pneumothorax D. Emphysema -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Pneumonia
5. A 57-year-old male presents with cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and decreased lung volume. He is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. When taking the patient's history, which finding is the most probable cause of his illness? A. Inhalation of silica, asbestos, mica B. Autoimmune disease C. Allergic reactions D. Flail chest -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Inhalation of silica, asbestos, mica
6. A 10-year-old male is brought to the ER with prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxemia. The most likely diagnosis on the chart is: A. Exercise-induced asthma B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) C. Status asthmaticus D. Bronchiectasis -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Status asthmaticus
7. A 25-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months' duration. When obtaining the patient's history, which of the following findings is most likely to cause this condition? A. Chronic asthma B. Air pollution

A. Vascular resistance in the systemic vessels B. Right end-diastolic pressure C. Pressures in the vena cava D. Pulmonary vascular resistance -- Correct Answer ✔✔ D. Pulmonary vascular resistance

12. When a nursing student wants to know where the primary cardiovascular control center is located, what is the nurse's best response? In the: A. Cerebral cortex B. Midbrain C. Medulla D. Cervical spinal cord -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Medulla
13. Most cases of combined systolic and diastolic hypertension have no known cause and are documented on the chart as _____ hypertension. A. Primary B. Secondary C. Congenital D. Acquired -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Primary
14. A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following symptoms would he most likely experience? A. Headache and blurred vision B. Nausea and vomiting C. Chest pain and palpitations D. Syncope and fainting -- Correct Answer ✔✔ D. Syncope and fainting
15. What term should the nurse document for a detached blood clot? A. Thrombus B. Embolus C. Thromboembolism

D. Infarction -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Thromboembolism

16. A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. The nurse assesses for myocardial: A. Hypertrophy B. Ischemia C. Necrosis D. Inflammation -- Correct Answer ✔✔ B. Ischemia
17. A 49-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain. EKG reveals ST elevation. He is diagnosed with myocardial ischemia. Which of the following interventions would be most beneficial? A. Administer a diuretic to decrease volume. B. Apply oxygen to increase myocardial oxygen supply. C. Encourage exercise to increase heart rate. D. Give an antibiotic to decrease infection. -- Correct Answer ✔✔ B. Apply oxygen to increase myocardial oxygen supply.
18. A 75-year-old male has severe chest pain and dials 911. Lab tests at the hospital reveal elevated levels of cardiac troponins I and T. Based upon the lab findings, the nurse suspects which of the following has occurred? A. Raynaud disease B. Myocardial infarction (MI) C. Orthostatic hypotension D. Varicose veins -- Correct Answer ✔✔ B. Myocardial infarction (MI)
19. Which characteristic changes should the nurse keep in mind while caring for a patient with left heart failure? As left heart failure progresses:

B. Dominant C. Recessive D. Homozygous -- Correct Answer ✔✔ B. Dominant

24. Infusion of ______________ intravenous solutions promotes movement of water into cells, thus making the cells swell. A. Isotonic B. Hypertonic C. Hypotonic -- Correct Answer ✔✔ B. Hypertonic
25. Which electrolyte is the main intracellular electrolyte? A. Potassium B. Sodium C. Calcium D. Magnesium -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Potassium
26. Which patient is at the highest risk for developing hyponatremia? A. Older adult male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B. Older adult female with congestive heart failure C. Young adult female with systemic lupus erythematosus D. Young adult male with fever, severe vomiting and diarrhea -- Correct Answer ✔✔ D. Young adult male with fever, severe vomiting and diarrhea
27. The most common cause of hyperkalemia is ___________ and ____________. A. Excessive intake of K, body's inability to excrete it B. Decreased intake of K, body's inability to excrete it C. Excessive intake of K, body is excreting too much of it. D. Decreased intake of K, body is excreting too much of it. -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Excessive intake of K, body's inability to excrete it

28. Hyperkalemia is present when the level of potassium in the blood is higher than ______mEq/L. A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.1 -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. 5.
29. 1.The nurse practitioner anticipates which of the following clients would be most at risk to develop hyperkalemia? The client: A. Just diagnosed with cirrhosis. B. Who has had diarrhea for the last four days. C. With chronic renal failure. D. With intestinal and nasogastric suctioning. -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. With chronic renal failure.
30. 1The nurse understands that a client with albuminuria has edema caused by a: A. Fall in plasma colloidal osmotic pressure B. Fall in tissue hydrostatic pressure C. Rise in tissue colloidal osmotic pressure D. Rise in plasma hydrostatic pressure -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Fall in plasma colloidal osmotic pressure
31. A client with COPD is admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of the disease. Arterial blood gas results are pH 7. PCO2 51 and HCO3 25. How would the nurse interpret these? A. Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated. B. Respiratory acidosis, partially compensated. C. Respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated. D. Metabolic acidosis, partially compensated. -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated.

36. A 50-year-old female develops skin cancer on her head and neck following years of sunbathing. Which of the following cancers is the most likely? A. Lymphoma B. Adenoma C. Basal cell carcinoma D. Leukemia -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Basal cell carcinoma
37. A patient asks why indoor pollution is worse than outdoor pollution. How should the nurse respond? Indoor pollution is considered worse than outdoor pollution because of cigarette smoke and: A. Fireplace wood smoke B. Radon C. Benzene D. Chlorine -- Correct Answer ✔✔ B. Radon
38. Which cells are involved in initiating immune responses in the skin? A. Langerhans cells B. Merkel cells C. Keratinocytes D. Melanocytes -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Langerhans cells
39. A 42-year-old female presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale. She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. A clinician recalls this disorder is related to: A. Infection B. Trauma C. Autoimmunity D. Cancer -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Autoimmunity

40. Which of the following skin conditions is caused by a bacterial infection? A. Warts B. Varicella C. Impetigo D. Herpes simplex -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Impetigo
41. What is the appropriate term for "inflammation of the hair follicle'? A. Folliculitis B. Furuncles C. Carbuncles D. Cellulitis -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Folliculitis
42. What is the most common type of skin cancer? A. basal cell B. squamous cell C. melanoma D. Kaposi -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. basal cell
43. What is the appropriate term for a "fungal infection of the scalp"? A. Tinea pedis B Tinea corporis C. Tinea capitis D. Candidiasis -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Tinea capitis
44. Which infections are caused by viruses? Select all that apply. A. Erysipelas B. Herpes simplex C. Herpes zoster D. Varicella E. Furuncle -- Correct Answer ✔✔ B. Herpes simplex

D. The heart's fibrous skeleton -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. A membranous sac that encloses the heart

49. A 65-year-old male develops blockage in the pulmonary artery. As a result of the blockage, blood would first back up into the: A. Aorta B. Left ventricle C. Pulmonary veins D. Right ventricle -- Correct Answer ✔✔ D. Right ventricle
50. A nurse is teaching about the heart. Which information should the nurse include? The chamber of the heart that generates the highest pressure is the: A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Left ventricle
51. When a staff member asks where venous blood from the coronary circulation drains into, what is the best response by the nurse? The: A. Superior vena cava B. Inferior vena cava C. Right atrium D. Left atrium -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Right atrium
52. Promotes inflammation A. Basophils B. Eosinophils C. Platelets D. Red Blood Cells -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Basophils

53. A 68-year-old is admitted to emergency department with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera. A nurse realizes the patient's symptoms are mainly the result of: A. A decreased erythrocyte count B. Rapid blood flow to the major organs C. Increased blood viscosity D. Vessel injury -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Increased blood viscosity
54. Which individual should the nurse assess initially for a vitamin B12 deficiency anemia? A. A 3-year-old female who is a fussy eater B. A 26-year-old female in the 2nd trimester of her first pregnancy C. A 47-year-old male who had a gastrectomy procedure D. A 64 year-old male with a history of duodenal ulcers -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. A 47-year-old male who had a gastrectomy procedure
55. A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia). The most likely cause is a decrease in: A. Ferritin B. Gastric enzymes C. Intrinsic factor D. Erythropoietin -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. Intrinsic factor
56. Leukocytosis can be defined as: A. A normal leukocyte count B. A high leukocyte count C. A low leukocyte count D. Another term for leukopenia -- Correct Answer ✔✔ B A high leukocyte count

61. A client with a peptic ulcer in the duodenum would probably describe the associated pain as: A. An ache radiating to the left side B. An intermittent colicky flank pain C. A gnawing sensation relieved by food D. A generalized abdominal pain intensified by moving -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C. A gnawing sensation relieved by food
62. Crohn's Disease differs pathologically from ulcerative colitis in that ulcerative colitis: A. Affects only the mucosal layer of the bowel B. Involves the small and large bowel C. Produces a greater risk for malabsorption of nutrients D. May progress to development of fistulas of adjacent organs -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Affects only the mucosal layer of the bowel
63. A client with chronic renal failure asks the nurse practitioner why he is anemic A. It is likely that you have hereditary traits for the development of anemia B. There is a decrease in production by the kidneys of the hormone erythropoietin C. You need to review your dietary intake of iron-rich foods D. The increase of metabolic wastes products in your body suppresses the bone marrow -- Correct Answer ✔✔ B. There is a decrease in production by the kidneys of the hormone erythropoietin
64. A client to the ED with coffee-colored urine and edema states he had a bad sore throat a few weeks ago. His BP is elevated, and urinalysis shows blood and protein in the urine. The nurse

interprets that this clinical picture is consistent with which developing health problems A. Acute glomerulonephritis B. UTI C. Urinary calculi D. Acute prostatitis -- Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Acute glomerulonephritis

65. Which describes the correct flow of blood in the kidney? A. Afferent arteriole to the peritubular capillaries to the venule B. Efferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the peritubular capillaries C. Peritubular capillaries to the glomerular capillaries to the venule D. Afferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the efferent arteriole -- Correct Answer ✔✔ D. Afferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the efferent arteriole
66. Which statement is the most common cause of cirrhosis A. Hep A B. Hep B C. Hep D D. Alcoholic hepatitis -- Correct Answer ✔✔ B. Hep B