NR 293 Pharm Exam TESTBANK- New Questions 2024-2025 Included (Exam 1, 2 and 3) Chamberlain, Exams of Nursing

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NR 293 Pharm Exam

TESTBANK-

New Questions

2024 - 2025 Included

(Exam 1, 2 and 3)

Chamberlain

University

NR 293 Pharm Exam Risks for injury know that anything can be a possible risk for patient injury 9 rights of medicine administration right patient, right dose, right medication, right time, right documentation, right route, right reason, right response what is a prototype the first drug of a class that all others are based from (ex- morphine) what is pharmacokinetics what the body does to the drug what is pharmacodynamics

what the drug does to the body bioavailability what portion of the drug that entered the circulation can have an effect on the body first pass effect a drug enters the GI tract and is filtered to the liver where some is destroyed what enzymes work in the liver P-450 enzymes if a patient has cirrhosis of the liver, what will happen when they take a medication? When the medication passes through the liver for the first pass, there will be less P-450 enzymes so the bioavailability of the medication will be higher and it will circulate in the bloodstream longer.

half life time required for 50% of the drug to be removed from the body Pharmacotherapeutics treatment of conditions enteral route through the GI tract parenteral tract outside the GI tract how is medication absorption different for neonates and children? they have less gastric acid to break down medications and availability is higher

why do more drugs enter neonate and children's brains, why are meds not as easily excreted/destroyed by liver and kidneys? immature BBB, liver, and kidneys Polypharmacy The use of multiple medications on a regular basis during which phase of the nursing process does a nurse prioritize the nursing diagnoses? planning We have an expert-written solution to this problem! the nurse recognizes that drugs given by which route will be altered by the first pass effect? a. oral b. sublingual c. subcutaneous d. IV e. rectal oral and rectal

the nurse is reviewing a list of a patient's medications and notes one of the drugs has a low therapeutic index. what does this mean? the difference between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose are very close together when drug A is an enzyme inhibitor of drug B, the nurse will anticipate what result of drug B? level of drug B could rise to toxicity A drug is highly protein bound, what does this mean? it will have a longer duration of action do no harm is what ethical principle? nonmaleficence Which legal act required drug manufacturers to establish the safety and efficacy of a new drug before its approval for use?

Kefauver-Harris, amendment of 1962 over the counter drugs (otc) are nonprescription drugs that are used for short term treatment what herbal supplement is used to promote sleep and relaxation, prolonged use can cause yellow discoloration of nails, risk for liver toxicity kava herbal supplement used to decrease nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy ginkgo which drug classes are used as OTC remedies? a. NSAIDs b. cold remedies c. antibiotics d.smoking deterrent drugs e. antihypertensive drugs

f. histamine 2 (H2) blockers A, B,D,F what are side effects of NSAIDs? stroke, MI, GI ulcers, kidney dysfunction what do antibiotics do? fight off infection caused by bacteria Bacteriostatic doesn't kill bacteria, it inhibits growth bactericidal kills bacteria healthcare associated infections

are contracted in a hospital or institution (>48 hours after admin) , are more difficult to treat, and are more virulent antiseptics are used for living tissue, inhibit growth of bacteria disinfectants used on nonliving tissue, destroy/kill organisms what is a priority of the nurse to perform before beginning an antibiotic therapy? obtain a culture and sensitivity specimen prophylactic therapy preventative measure, antibiotics given before a procedure to ensure that an infection will not start

empiric therapy treatment of an infection before c+s information has been obtained or reported definitive therapy treatment of a specific infection after receiving repot of c+s what two classes of antibiotics are common for causing allergic reactions? penicillins and sulfonamides if a person is allergic to penicillin, what other class of antibiotics should be looked into? cephalosporins what is the main example of sulfonamides? Bactrim

what must Bactrim be taken with? 2000 - 3000 mL of H20/ day what is the MOA of sulfonamides? bacteriostatic Indications for sulfonamides broad spectrum, gram + or - ; UTIs adverse effects of sulfonamides SJS, photosensitivity contraindications of sulfonamides allergy, pregnancy what are the main examples of Beta Lactams- penicillins

amoxicillin, ampicillin penicillins MOA bactericidal indications of penicillins gram + ; strep throat adverse effects of penicillins pruritus, GI upset, throat swelling contraindications of penicillins allergy, renal failure Cephalosporins Gen 1 cefalexin and cefazolin (surgical prophylaxis and staph)

Cephalosporins Gen 2 cefoxitin (abdominal surgery, colorectal) Cephalosporins Gen 3 cefidinir and ceftrixone (meningitis) Cephalosporins Gen 4 cefedime (uncomplicated UTI) cephalosporins Gen 5 ceftaroline (MRSA) cephalosporins MOA bactericidal

cephalosporins indications 1st gen: good +, poor - 2nd gen: good +, better - 3rd gen: gram - 4th gen: +, some - 5th gen: broad spectrum cephalosporins adverse effects SJS, rash, cross sensitivity with penicillins, GI upset cephalosporins contraindications allergy to penicillin cephalosporins nursing implications must infuse slowly

what is the main example of carbapenems? meropenem (merrem) carbapenems MOA bacteriostatic carbapenems indications broadest spectrum; complicated body cavity infections, bone, joints, tissue carbapenems adverse effects drug induced seizure carbapenems contraindications hypersensitivity, seizures carbapenems nursing implications

infuse over 60 minutes ketolides main example telithromycin (ketek) ketolides MOA bacteriostatic ketolides indications limited use, pneumonia ketolides adverse effects hepatotoxicity, GI upset, rash, fatigue Ketolides Contraindications severe liver disease

main example of monobactams Azactam monobactams MOA bactericidal monobactams indications UTI, moderate-severe systemic infections monobactams adverse effects GI upset, rash, fever monobactams contraindication hypersensitivity, GI upset

macrolides main examples Azithromycin (Zithromax) and erythromycin (E-mycin) macrolides MOA bacteriostatic macrolides indications STIs and lyme disease macrolides adverse effects GI upset and jaundice Macrolides contraindications liver disease, bradycardia

Tetracyclines main example Tetracycline Tetracyclines MOA bacteriostatic Tetracyclines indications broad spectrum Tetracyclines adverse effects discoloration of permanent teeth, disturbs growth Tetracyclines Contraindications pregnancy, children <8 yrs ; photosensitivity

Tetracyclines Nursing Implications Avoid milk products, antacids, and other dairy products; Take all medications with 6 to 8 ounces of fluid, preferably water, avoid sunlight and tanning beds aminoglycosides examples Neomycin (swimmers ear) Gentamycin (UTI) aminoglycosides MOA bactericidal aminoglycosides indications Life-threatening infections, sepsis aminoglycosides adverse effects OTOTOXIC and NEPHROTOXIC

aminoglycosides contraindications Known allergies, renal or hepatic disease, hearing loss aminoglycosides nursing implications monitor I+O, BUN, and creatinine quinolones main examples ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and Levofloxacin (Levaquin) quinolones MOA bactericidal quinolones indications Bone and joint infections,UTIs

quinolones adverse effects QT prolongation, tendon rupture Quinolones contraindications ehler's danlose syndrome, prolonged QT interval, pregnancy, children Quinolones Nursing Implications Infuse over 1 to 1.5 hours ; Vitamin K is affected - caution with warfarin misc- Clindamycin (cleocin) MOA bacteriostatic misc- Clindamycin (cleocin) indications septicemia

misc- Clindamycin (cleocin) adverse effects thrush and GI upset misc- Clindamycin (cleocin) contraindications GI conditions, c-diff, skeletal muscle disorders MISC- Clindamycin (cleocin) nursing implications may react with muscle relaxants MISC: Linezolid (Zyvox) MOA bactericidal MISC: Linezolid (Zyvox) indications VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcal ) MISC: Linezolid adverse effects

hypotension, serotonin syndrome MISC: Linezolid (Zyvox) contraindications pregnancy and breast feeding MISC: Linezolid (Zyvox) nursing implications reacts with TYRAMINE containing food (Misc.) Metronidazole (Flagyl) MOA bactericidal (Misc.) Metronidazole (Flagyl) indications intra-abdominal and gynecological infections (Misc.) Metronidazole (Flagyl) adverse effects fatal hepatotoxicity

(Misc.) Metronidazole (Flagyl) contraindications renal impairment (Misc.) Metronidazole (Flagyl) nursing implications interacts with several other medications (Misc.) Vancomycin (Vancocin) MOA bactericidal (Misc.) Vancomycin (Vancocin) indications meningitis, MRSA (Misc.) Vancomycin (Vancocin) adverse effects ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity; red man syndrome