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NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 2024-2025 (VERSION A& B) / NR 507 WEEK 4 MIDTERM A, Exams of Nursing

NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 2024-2025 (VERSION A& B) / NR 507 WEEK 4 MIDTERM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM LATEST 2024-2025 Examples of hypersensitivity type 1 - answer>>allergic rhinitis, anaphylactic reaction Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by what - answer>>IgE What cells are involved in hypersensitivity type 1 - answer>>Mast cells

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 12/25/2024

julius-wangui
julius-wangui 🇺🇸

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Download NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 2024-2025 (VERSION A& B) / NR 507 WEEK 4 MIDTERM A and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM 2 LATEST

VERSIONS 2024-2025 (VERSION A& B) /

NR 507 WEEK 4 MIDTERM ADVANCED

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM

LATEST 2024- 2025

Examples of hypersensitivity type 1 - answer>>allergic rhinitis, anaphylactic reaction Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by what - answer>>IgE What cells are involved in hypersensitivity type 1 - answer>>Mast cells symptoms of hypersensitivity type 1 - answer>>local: itching, immediate rash systemic: wheezing main treatment for anaphylaxis - answer>>epinephrine Type 2 hypersensitivity is also known as what kind of reaction? - answer>>cytoctoxic reaction, tissue specific what cells are involved in type 2 hypersensitivity reaction? - answer>>Macrophages what does type 2 hypersensitivity do to tissues? - answer>>can cause damage or alter function of specific tissues Examples of hypersensitivity type 2 - answer>>graves disease/ hyperthyroidism, blood incompatibility what is the difference between type 2 and 3 hypersensitivity? - answer>>type 2 is organ specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the surface of the cell type 3 is NOT organ specific; binds outside of the cell surface and is released into blood/ body fluids and then deposited into tissues examples of type 3 hypersensitivity - answer>>rheumatoid arthritis and lupus autoimmune diseases can be... - answer>>genetic/familial What is alloimmunity? - answer>>Immune reaction to tissues of another individual Examples of alloimmunity - answer>>transplant rejection, transfusion reactions, Rh incompatibility

what is hypersensitivity type 4 - answer>>Delayed response, Occurs 24-72 hrs after exposure doe not involve antigen/antibody complexes Hypersensitivity type 4 is mediated by what? - answer>>T cells!!! example of hypersensitivity type 4 - answer>>contact dermatitis poison ivy delayed response occurs in area of contact organ rejection is made up of what hypersensitivity and why? - answer>>Type 2 and 4. involves cytotoxicity (2) T cells play a role in organ rejection (4) atopic dermatitis is example of what - answer>>type 1 hypersensitivity contact dermatitis is example of what - answer>>type 4 hypersensitivity Contact dermatitis treatment - answer>>topical corticosteroids atopic dermatitis treatment - answer>>-Antihistamines what is primary immunodeficiency - answer>>Deficiency in any essential component of the immune response that is mostly recessively inherited; a gene defect; example of primary immunodeficiency - answer>>B lymphocyte deficiency what is secondary immunodeficiency and example - answer>>Caused by another illness, or virus. (More common than primary immunodeficiency) Ex: cancer or HIV what is the most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency - answer>>malnutrition most of our bodies iron stores comes from... - answer>>recycling of iron from old RBCs What is iron deficiency anemia? - answer>>-Insufficient iron for hemoglobin synthesis; lack of What is thalessemia? - answer>>a type of anemia, with decreased hemoglobin, problem making hmg What is sideroblastic anemia? - answer>>anemia with increased iron in blood, but low RBCs

What is MCHC - answer>>mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration - average Hgb concentration in a single RBC MCHC is low in what kind of anemias? and why - answer>>Sideroblastic, iron deficiency, and thalassemia ; these anemias have a problem either with iron or hmg MHC is normal in what anemias? - answer>>aplastic, post hemorrhagic, and hemolytic iron deficiency anemia is what kind of anemia - answer>>microcytic, hypochromic What is ferritin? - answer>>measurement of bodys total iron stores what does low ferritin indicate? - answer>>anemia, but does not indicate which type What is RDW - answer>>red cell distribution width: the size of RBC's RDW can be used to determine what - answer>>if developing microcytic or microcytic anemia What can folate deficiency cause? - answer>>megaloblastic anemia What is megaloblastic anemia? - answer>>Large immature red blood cells; inside contents not developed properly who is at risk for folate deficiency - answer>>alcoholics, elderly, pregnant women, lactating women, people with chronic GI issues and following restricted diets What is pernicious anemia? - answer>>Vitamin B12 deficiency Symptoms of B12 deficiency anemia - answer>>peripheral neuropathy due to decreased myelination fatigue SOB risk factors for vitamin b12 deficiency - answer>>older adults, H Pylori; can cause diarrhea hemolytic anemia can be caused by what? - answer>>mismatched blood types; destroys RBCs autoimmune hemolytic anemia allergic reaction to a drug/ drug induced aplastic anemia - answer>>Bone marrow fails to produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

diagnosis of aplastic anemia is made by - answer>>blood tests, and bone marrow biopsy what does sickle cell anemia and thalassemia have in common? different? - answer>>both are genetically passed down; Thalessemia has many possible genetic mutations Blood flow through the heart - answer>>deoxygenated blood goes through the 1- Superior & Inferior Vena Cava, 2-Rt Atrium, 3-Tricuspid Valve, 4- Rt Ventricle, 5- Pulmonary Valve, 6-Pulmonary Artery, 7- Lungs-pick up oxygen (oxygenated blood), 8- Pulmonary Veins, 9- Lt Atrium, 10- Mitral Valve (Bicuspid), 11-Lt Ventricle, 12- Aortic Valve, 13-Aorta, 14- Body formula for cardiac output - answer>>CO = HR x SV cardia output is? - answer>>the amount of blood pumped from the heart per minute What is stroke volume? - answer>>the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle per beat What is preload? - answer>>volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole; amount of stretch during diastole What is afterload? - answer>>resistance/pressure to systolic ejection; we want less resistance sustained tachycardia will result in what? - answer>>decreased stroke volume what can result in decreased contractility of the heart and why? - answer>>ischemia/MI, acidosis and cardiomyopathy. scarred tissue does not work or contract properly What affects afterload? - answer>>hypertension, pulmonary disease or damage to aortic valve. mostly hypertension what can cause decrease preload? - answer>>hemorrhage, dehydration; if blood volume is low then the preload in the heart is low heart failure equals - answer>>decreased cardiac output What is LVEDV and what is it caused by? - answer>>left ventricular end diastolic volume; decreased contractility and decreased stroke volume right sided heart failure is known as - answer>>Cor pulmonale

what caused right sided heart failure? and what are the symptoms of it? - answer>>can be caused by COPD or pulmonary hypertension; symptoms are JVD, peripheral edema, hepatosplenomegaly Stage A heart failure - answer>>patients who are at high risk for developing heart failure but have no structural damage Stage B heart failure - answer>>patient has structural damage (MI), BUT NO SYMPTOMS Stage C heart failure - answer>>patient starts with symptoms, alterations in daily functions due to dyspnea, swelling, etc Stage D heart failure - answer>>end stage heart failure; maxed out on meds; may need heart transplant or pacemaker What is aortic stenosis? - answer>>narrowing of the aortic valve Symptoms of aortic stenosis - answer>>SAD syncope : fainting angina: chest pain dyspnea: SOB Mild systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur that radiates to neck S4 gallop aortic regurgitation symptoms - answer>>pulmonary edema Systolic crescendo decrescendo mumur High pitched early diastolic murmur Mitral Stenosis Symptoms - answer>>Bilateral crackles and JVD low pitched murmur associated with RHD mitral regurgitation symptoms - answer>>jvd bilateral crackles blowing pansystolic murmur radiates to back and axilla obstructive pulmonary disease Diagnostic ratio - answer>>decreased fev1 and low fev1/fev ratio 56% restrictive pulmonary disease ratio - answer>>fev/fvc above 70% Asthma - answer>>narrowed, constricted or obstructed airways intrinsic asthma is - answer>>asthma triggered by something internal; anxiety

Extrinsic asthma triggers - answer>>triggered by something in the environment; allergens such as food, pollen, dust, pet hair and medications what is prescribed for mild Asthma - answer>>short acting beta2 agonist inhaler How is COPD diagnosed? - answer>>hx of symptoms, physical exam, chest imaging, PFTs, blood gas analysis in COPD, what is reveled in PFTs? - answer>>airway obstruction, decreased in FEV that is progressive and unresponsive to bronchodilators COPD is made up of - answer>>emphysema and chronic bronchitis emphysema is what - answer>>alveolar damage that impairs gas exchange; can get air in but cannot get air out of lungs symptoms of emphysema - answer>>barrel chest, tripod position, air trapping, pursed lip breathing chronic bronchitis affects what part of the lungs - answer>>the airways symptoms of chronic bronchitis - answer>>productive cough, a lot of sputum, dyspnea, wheezing, rhonchi, cyanosis