NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A., Exams of Nursing

Download NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the: a. subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness. b. signs and symptoms of a disease. c. factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness. d. early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection. The best definition of the term prognosis is the: a. precipitating factors causing an acute episode. b. number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness. c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease. d. exacerbations occurring during chronic illness NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease? a. Swelling of the knee b. Fever c. Pain in the neck d. Red rash on the face Etiology is defined as the study of the: a. causes of a disease. b. course of a disease. c. expected complications of a disease. d. manifestations of a disease. A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred to as: a. hypertrophy. b. metaplasia. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. c. atrophy. d. regeneration. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. The term cancer refers to: a. dysplasia. b. hyperplasia. c. metaplasia. d. malignant neoplasm. To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer? a. Increased rate of mitosis by certain cells b. Ischemic damage to cells c. Liquefaction of necrotic tissue d. Preprogrammed cell self-destruction Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Alteration of DNA does not change cell function. b. Damaged cells may be able to repair themselves. c. All types of cells die at the same rate. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. d. Mild ischemia causes immediate cell death. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. The term homeostasis refers to: a. the causative factors in a particular disease. b. maintenance of a stable internal environment. c. a condition that triggers an acute episode. d. a collection of signs and symptoms. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which term is used to describe a new and secondary or additional problem that arises after the original disease has been established? a. Symptoms b. Occurrence c. Manifestations d. Complication NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Pathophysiology involves the study of: a. the structure of the human body. b. the functions of various organs in the body. c. functional or structural changes resulting from disease processes. d. various cell structures and related functions. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. All of the following are part of the Seven Steps to Health EXCEPT: a. follow cancer screening guidelines. b. use sun block agents whenever exposed. c. participate in strenuous exercise on a regular daily basis. d. choose high fiber, lower fat foods. The term disease refers to: NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. a. the period of recovery and return to a normal healthy state. b. a deviation from the normal state of health and function. c. the treatment measures used to promote recovery. d. a basic collection of signs and symptoms. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than one organ or system, that usually occur together in response to a certain condition is referred to as a (an): a. acute disease. b. multiorgan disorder. c. syndrome. d. manifestation. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. If the data collected from the research process confirm that the new treatment has increased effectiveness and is safe, this is called: a. the placebo effect. b. evidence-based research. c. blind research studies. d. approval for immediate distribution. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. A short-term illness that develops very quickly with perhaps a high fever or severe pain is called: a. acute. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. b. latent. c. chronic. d. manifestation. The term prognosis refers to the: a. period of recovery and return to a normal state. b. expected outcome of the disease. c. mortality and morbidity rates for a given population. d. typical collection of signs and symptoms. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Why are the predisposing factors for a specific disease important to health professionals? a. To predict the prognosis b. To determine treatments c. To develop preventive measures d. To develop morbidity statistics NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Cell damage may be caused by exogenous sources such as: a. abnormal metabolic processes. b. certain food additives. c. genetic defects. d. localized hypoxia. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which of the following is usually included in a medical history? Past illnesses or surgeries Current illnesses, acute and chronic Prescribed medication or other treatments Nonprescription drugs and herbal remedies Current allergies a. 1, 3 b. 2, 4, 5 c. 1, 3, 4 NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. a. the development of a disease or sequence of events related to tissue changes involved in the disease process. b. the determination of the cause(s) involved in the development of a malignant neoplasm. c. the specific signs and symptoms involved in the change from an acute disease to a chronic disease. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. d. the changes in cells of affected tissue that result in necrosis. Chapter 02: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the correct proportion of water to body weight to be expected in a healthy male adult’s body: NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. a. 30% b. 45% c. 60% d. 70% NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. b. feces only. c. perspiration and expiration. d. urine and feces. When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the: a. blood into the cells. b. interstitial compartment into the cells. c. interstitial compartment into the blood. d. cells into the interstitial compartment. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins? a. Increased osmotic pressure b. Decreased osmotic pressure c. Increased hydrostatic pressure d. Decreased hydrostatic pressure Which of the following would cause edema? a. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure b. Increased capillary osmotic pressure NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. c. Decreased capillary permeability d. Increased capillary permeability NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which of the following terms refers to a combination of decreased circulating blood volume combined with excess fluid in a body cavity? a. Dehydration b. Third-spacing c. Hypovolemia d. Water retention NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which of the following is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid? a. Sodium NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. b. Potassium c. Calcium d. Iron Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia? a. Loss of the thirst mechanism b. Excessive sweating c. Excessive aldosterone secretion d. Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which of the following results from hypocalcemia? Low serum phosphate levels Nausea and constipation Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms Weak cardiac contractions a. 1, 2 b. 1, 4 c. 2, 3 d. 3, 4 NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which of the following causes tetany? a. Increased permeability of nerve membranes due to low serum calcium NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. b. Excess calcium ions in skeletal muscle due to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) c. Excess calcium ions inside somatic nerves as a result of neoplasms d. Increased stimulation of the nerves in the cerebral cortex In which of the following processes is phosphate ion NOT a major component? a. Bone metabolism b. Metabolic processes involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) c. Blood clotting d. Acid-base balance NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. What is the slowest but most effective control for acid-base balance? a. Respiratory system b. Buffer systems in the blood c. Kidneys d. Brain NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range? a. Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quantities. b. All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys. c. The concentration of bicarbonate ion must remain constant. d. The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion must be 1:20. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which is the correct effect on the body of abnormally slow respirations? a. Increased carbonic acid b. Decreased carbonic acid c. Increased bicarbonate ion d. Decreased bicarbonate ion NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which serum value indicates decompensated metabolic acidosis? a. pH is below normal range b. pH is above normal range c. Bicarbonate level decreases d. Bicarbonate level increases What is the effect on blood serum when excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body? a. Bicarbonate ion levels decrease b. Bicarbonate ion levels increase NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. c. Carbonic acid levels increase d. pH increases NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. The direct effects of acidosis are manifested primarily in the functioning of the: a. Digestive system b. Urinary system c. Nervous system d. Respiratory system NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. In patients with impaired expiration associated with emphysema, effective compensation for the acid-base imbalance would be: a. increased rate and depth of respiration. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. b. decreased rate and depth of respiration. c. increased urine pH and decreased serum bicarbonate. d. decreased urine pH and increased serum bicarbonate. An anxiety attack often causes hyperventilation leading to: a. increased PCO2. b. decreased PCO2. c. respiratory acidosis. d. metabolic acidosis. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. One of the factors involved in the increased need for water in infants is: a. proportionally smaller body surface area. b. higher metabolic rate. c. smaller respiratory capacity. d. greater surface area of exposed mucous membranes. Compensation for respiratory system depression due to anesthesia and sedation would be: a. decreased reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the kidneys. b. increased secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Strenuous physical exercise on a hot day is likely to result in: a. hypokalemia. b. hypernatremia. c. hyperchloremia. d. hypovolemia. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Place the following events in the correct sequence of events when ketoacids increase in the blood of a diabetic patient. Not all options are used in the answers. Serum pH decreases Serum bicarbonate decreases PCO2 decreases Respiration decreases Respiration increases Serum pH increases Urine pH decreases a. 1, 3, 7, 4, 2, 6 b. 5, 2, 7, 3, 4, 1 c. 2, 1, 5, 3, 7, 6 NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. d. 3, 1, 2, 5, 7, 6 NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. In the initial stage, vomiting results in: a. metabolic acidosis. b. metabolic alkalosis. c. respiratory alkalosis. d. None of the above NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which two ions are most important for acid-base balance in the body? a. K+, Na+ b. Cl– and HCO3– c. Ca++, Na+ NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. d. Na+, Cl– The bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system helps maintain serum pH. The balance of the carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion levels are controlled by the: a. liver and pancreas. b. lungs and kidneys. c. lungs and plasma proteins. d. kidneys and bone marrow. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Serum potassium levels are affected by: ADH. aldosterone. serum H+ levels. insulin levels. a. 2 only b. 1, 2 c. 1, 3 d. 2, 3, 4 e. 1, 2, 3 NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which of the following is the primary control of serum Na+ levels? a. ADH b. Aldosterone c. Serum H+ levels NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. d. serum K+ levels The control center for thirst is located in the: a. kidneys. b. thalamus. c. medulla. d. hypothalamus. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Hypokalemia refers to a condition in which the serum has a very low level of which ion? a. Sodium b. Phosphate c. Calcium d. Potassium In the blood and extracellular fluids, hypernatremia refers to: a. a deficient sodium level. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. b. an excess phosphate level. c. an excess sodium level. d. an excessively low phosphate level. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Increased milk and/or antacid intake can contribute to development of “milk-alkali syndrome,” which can cause which of the following? a. Hyponatremia b. Hyperkalemia c. Hypercalcemia d. Hypovolemia Chapter 03: Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. What is the unique, simple, and official name assigned to a specific drug for worldwide use? a. Trade name b. Chemical name c. Proprietary name d. Generic name NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Which is the route of administration by which the largest proportion of the drug dose is likely lost before reaching the site of action? a. Oral b. Intramuscular c. Sublingual d. Intravenous NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Ingesting a drug with a large meal may be likely to: a. immediately increase the blood level of the drug. b. prevent gastric irritation. c. ensure that the total dose is absorbed into the blood. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. a. Liver b. Kidneys c. Circulating blood d. Lymphoid tissue In traditional Asian medicine, acupoints are usually located: a. over pain or other sensory receptors. b. where blood vessels branch. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. c. over joints. d. on designated meridians. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. Traditional drug or surgical therapy is incorporated with nontraditional methods by: a. chiropractors. b. naturopaths. c. homeopaths. d. osteopaths. Contraindications printed on the label of a drug identify: a. those circumstances under which the drug should probably not be used. b. those typical side effects associated with this drug. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. A drug that binds with selected specific cell receptors may: stimulate activity in those cells. inhibit activity in those cells. change specificity and attach to other cells. be disabled by macrophages. a. 1, 2 NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. b. 2, 3 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 3, 4 A placebo may be described as a tablet or capsule: a. that does not contain an active drug. b. that contains a small amount of active drug for use in clinical trials. c. that contains a different drug to be used for its psychological effect. d. that contains high amounts of a drug to determine the maximum dose allowed. NR PATHO TEST BANK 2 MASTER CORRRECT STUDY GUIDE Q & A. The form of therapy that involves assessment of physical function and works to restore any problems and prevent any further dysfunction using methods such as appropriate exercises and ultrasound is referred to as: a. registered massage therapy. b. naturopathy. c. physiotherapy. d. reflexology. A medical history should include all: legally prescribed drugs. vitamin or mineral supplements.