NR222 Health & Wellness Final Exam Review Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified, Exams of Advanced Education

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NR222 Health & Wellness Final Exam Review

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You are participating in a clinical care coordination conference for a patient with terminal cancer. You talk with your colleagues about using the nursing code of ethics for professional registered nurses to guide care decisions. A non nursing colleague asks about this code. Which of the following statements best describes this code?

A. Improves self-health care

B. Protects the patient's confidentiality

C. Ensures identical care to all patients

D. Defines the principles of right and wrong to provide patient care - Correct Answer-D. Defines the principles of right and wrong to provide patient care.

When giving care, it is essential to provide a specified service according to standards of practice and to follow a code of ethics. The code of ethics is the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles you will use to provide care for your patients. The code serves as a guide for carrying out nursing responsibilities to provide quality nursing care and the ethical obligations of the profession

An 18-year-old woman is in the emergency department with fever and cough. The nurse obtains her vital signs, auscultates her lung sounds, listens to her heart sounds, determines her level of comfort, and collects blood and sputum samples for analysis. Which standard of practice is performed?

A. Diagnosis

B. Evaluation

C. Assessment

D. Implementation - Correct Answer-C. Assessment

Assessment is the collection of comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's health and/or the situation.

A patient in the emergency department has developed wheezing and shortness of breath. The nurse gives the ordered medicated nebulizer treatment now and in 4 hours. Which standard of practice is performed?

A. Planning

B. Evaluation

C. Assessment

D. Implementation - Correct Answer-D. Implementation

Implementation is completing coordinating care and the prescribed plan of care.

A nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage lung disease. The patient wants to go home on oxygen and be comfortable. The family wants the patient to have a new surgical procedure. The nurse explains the risk and benefits of the surgery to the family and discusses the patient's wishes with the family. The nurse is acting as the patient's:

A. Educator

B. Advocate

C. Caregiver

D. Case manager - Correct Answer-B. Advocate

An advocate protects the patient's human and legal right to make choices about his or her care. An advocate may also provide additional information to help a patient decide whether or not to accept a treatment or find an interpreter to help family members communicate their concerns.

Evidence-based practice is defined as:

A. Nursing care based on tradition

B. Scholarly inquiry of nursing and biomedical research literature

C. A problem-solving approach that integrates best current evidence with clinical practice

D. Quality nursing care provided in an efficient and economically sound manner - Correct Answer-C. A problem-solving approach that integrates best current evidence with clinical practice.

Evidence-based practice integrates best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care.

The examination for registered nurse licensure is exactly the same in every state in the United States. This examination:

A. Guarantees safe nursing care for all patients

B. Ensures standard nursing care for all patients

C. Ensures that honest and ethical care is provided

D. Provides a minimal standard of knowledge for a registered nurse in practice - Correct Answer-D. Provides a minimal standard of knowledge for a registered nurse in practice

Registered nurse (RN) candidates must pass the NCLEX-RN® that the individual State Boards of Nursing administer. Regardless of educational preparation, the examination for RN licensure is exactly the same in every state in the United States. This provides a standardized minimum knowledge base for nurses.

Contemporary nursing requires that the nurse has knowledge and skills for a variety of professional roles and responsibilities. Which of the following are examples? (Select all that apply.)

A. Caregiver

B. Autonomy and accountability

C. Patient advocate

D. Health promotion

E. Lobbyist - Correct Answer-A. Caregiver

B. Autonomy and accountability

C. Patient advocate

Each of these roles includes activities for the professional nurse. Each of these is used in direct care or is part of professionalism that guides nursing practice. Some nurses are lobbyists, but being a lobbyist is not expected of all professional nurses

Advanced practice registered nurses generally:

A. Function independently

B. Function as unit directors

C. Work in acute care settings

D. Work in the university setting - Correct Answer-A. Function independently

Advanced practice registered nurse functions independently as a clinician, educator, case manager, consultant, and researcher within his or her area of practice to plan or improve the quality of nursing care for the patient and family.

Health care reform will bring changes in the emphasis of care. Which of the following models is expected from health care reform?

A. Moving from an acute illness to a health promotion, illness prevention model

B. Moving from illness prevention to a health promotion model

C. Moving from an acute illness to a disease management model

D. Moving from a chronic care to an illness prevention model - Correct Answer-A. Moving from an acute illness to a health promotion, illness prevention model

Health care reform also affects how health care is delivered. There is greater emphasis on health promotion, disease prevention, and management of illness.

Which of the following nursing roles may have prescriptive authority in their practice? (Select all that apply.)

A. Critical care nurse

B. Nurse practitioner

C. Certified clinical nurse specialist

D. Charge nurse - Correct Answer-B. Nurse practitioner

Nurse practitioners and certified clinical nurse specialists encompass the role and preparation of the advanced practice registered nurse. According to the American Nurses Association standards of practice, prescriptive authority may be granted to these nurses

A critical care nurse is using a computerized decision support system to correctly position her ventilated patients to reduce pneumonia caused by accumulated respiratory secretions. This is an example of which Quality and Safety in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency?

A. Patient-centered care

B. Safety

C. Teamwork and collaboration

D. Informatics - Correct Answer-D. Informatics

Using decision support systems is one example of using and gaining competency in informatics.

A nurse is caring for an older-adult couple in a community- based assisted living facility. During the family assessment he notes that the couple has many expired medications and multiple medications for their respective chronic illnesses. They note that they go to two different health care providers. The nurse begins to work with the couple to determine what they know about their medications and helps them decide on one care provider rather than two. This is an example of

which Quality and Safety in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency?

A. Patient-centered care

B. Safety

C. Teamwork and collaboration

D. Informatics - Correct Answer-B. Safety

Helping the patients understand the consequences and complications of multiple medications helps to build the competency in safety.

The nurses on an acute care medical floor notice an increase in pressure ulcer formation in their patients. A nurse consultant decides to compare two types of treatment. The first is the procedure currently used to assess for pressure ulcer risk. The second uses a new assessment instrument to identify at-risk patients. Given this information, the nurse consultant exemplifies which career?

A. Clinical nurse specialist

B. Nurse administrator

C. Nurse educator

D. Nurse researcher - Correct Answer-D. Nurse researcher

The nurse researcher investigates problems to improve nursing care and to further define and expand the scope of nursing practice. He or she often works in an academic setting, hospital, or independent professional or community service agency.

Nurses at a community hospital are in an education program to learn how to use a new pressure-relieving device for patients at risk for pressure ulcers. This is which type of education?

A. Continuing education

B. Graduate education

C. In-service education

D. Professional Registered Nurse Education - Correct Answer-C. In-service education

In-service education programs are instruction or training provided by a health care agency or institution. An in-service

program is held in the institution and is designed to increase the knowledge, skills, and competencies of nurses and other health care professionals employed by the institution.

Which of the following are components of the paradigm of nursing?

A. The person, health, environment, and theory

B. Health, theory, concepts, and environment

C. Nurses, physicians, health, and patient needs

D. The person, health, environment/situation, and nursing - Correct Answer-D. The person, health, environment/situation, and nursing

The nursing paradigm focuses on person, health, environment/situation, and nursing. All the elements interact with one another, with the patient being central.

A theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions that:

A. Formulate legislation.

B. Explain a phenomenon.

C. Measure nursing functions.

D. Reflect the domain of nursing practice. - Correct Answer-B. Explain a phenomenon.

Theories are designed to explain a phenomenon such as self- care or caring. A theory is a way of seeing through a "set of relatively concrete and specific concepts" and the propositions that describe or link the concepts.

A patient with diabetes is controlling the disease with insulin and diet. The nursing health care provider is focusing efforts to teach the patient self-management. Which of the following nursing theories is useful in promoting self management?

A. Neuman

B. Orem

C. Roy

D. Peplau - Correct Answer-B. Orem

Orem's theory of self-care provides a solid theoretical background for self-management for a variety of diseases.

This theory shows the nurse how to direct the patient toward self-management to promote health and/or sustain wellness.

While working in a community health clinic, it is important to obtain nursing histories and get to know the patients. Part of history taking is to develop the nurse-patient relationship. Which of the following apply to Peplau's theory when establishing the nurse-patient relationship? (Select all that apply.)

A. An interaction between the nurse and patient must develop.

B. The patient's needs must be clarified and described.

C. The nurse-patient relationship is influenced by patient and nurse preconceptions.

D. The nurse-patient relationship is influenced only by the nurse's preconceptions. - Correct Answer-B. The patient's needs must be clarified and described.

There is continual interaction by both the patient and the nurse throughout all phases of the nurse-patient relationship.

Theory-based nursing practice uses a theoretical approach for nursing care. This approach moves nursing forward as a science. This suggests that:

A. One theory will guide nursing practice.

B. Scientists will decide nursing decisions.

C. Nursing will only base patient care on the practice of other sciences.

D. Theories will be tested to describe or predict patient outcomes. - Correct Answer-D. Theories will be tested to describe or predict patient outcomes.

There are multiple theories for the practice of nursing; these theories are tested to develop the evidence to describe or predict patient outcomes.

To practice in today's health care environment, nurses need a strong scientific knowledge base from nursing and other disciplines such as the physical, social, and behavioral sciences. This statement identifies the need for which of the following?

A. Systems theories

B. Developmental theories

C. Interdisciplinary theories

D. Health and wellness models - Correct Answer-C. Interdisciplinary theories

As the health system evolves and the health care needs of the patient focus on health promotion, illness prevention, and treatment, more disciplines are involved in patient care. To be effective in practice nurses need to be aware of theoretical approaches of care arising from other disciplines and from nursing.

Which of the following theories describe the life processes of an older adult facing chronic illness?

A. Systems theories

B. Developmental theories

C. Interdisciplinary theories

D. Health and wellness models - Correct Answer-B. Developmental theories

Developmental theories describe and predict behavior and development at various phases of the life continuum, as in the phase of older adulthood.

Match the following components of systems theory with the definition of that component.

A. Feedback

B. Input

C. Content

D. Output

1. Data entering the system
2. End product
3. Data related to system functioning
4. Product and information obtained from the system - Correct Answer-A. Feedback is 3. Data related to system functioning

B. Input is 1. Data entering the system.

C. Content is 4. Product and information obtained from the system

D. Output is 2. End product

A patient is admitted to an acute care area. The patient is an active business man who is worried about getting back to work. He has had severe diarrhea and vomiting for the last week. He is weak, and his breathing is labored. Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, identify this patient's immediate priority.

A. Self-actualization

B. Air, water, and nutrition

C. Safety

D. Esteem and self-esteem needs - Correct Answer-B. Air, water, and nutrition

The immediate priority is air, water, and nutrition. The patient needs to have sufficient air exchange, which might require oxygen administration. In addition the patient needs to have appropriate fluid balance and some nutritional supplement.

Match the following theories with their definitions.

A. Grand theory

B. Middle-range theory

C. Descriptive theory

D. Prescriptive theory

1. Addresses specific phenomena and reflect practice
2. First level in theory development and describes a phenomenon
3. Provides a structural framework for broad concepts about nursing
4. Linked to outcomes (consequences of specific nursing interventions) - Correct Answer-A. Grand theory is 3. Provides a structural framework for broad concepts about nursing.

B. Middle-range theory is 1. Addresses specific phenomena and reflect practice.

C. Descriptive theory is 2. First level in theory development and describes a phenomenon.

D. Prescriptive theory is 4. Linked to outcomes (consequences of specific nursing interventions)

Which of the following is closely aligned with Leininger's theory?

A. Caring for patients from unique cultures

B. Understanding the humanistic aspects of life

C. Variables affecting a patient's response to a stressor

D. Caring for patients who cannot adapt to internal and external environmental demands - Correct Answer-A. Caring for patients from unique cultures

Leininger's theory of transcultural nursing focuses on the patient's culture and the impact of culture heritage on health care needs and interventions.

A nurse is applying Henderson's theory as a basis for theory based-nursing practice. Which other elements are important for theory-based nursing practice? (Select all that apply.)

A. Knowledge of nursing science

B. Knowledge of related sciences

C. Knowledge about current health care issues

D. Knowledge of standards of practice - Correct Answer-A. Knowledge of nursing science

D. Knowledge of standards of practice

Regardless of which particular nursing theory is selected, the nurse must use knowledge from nursing and related sciences, experience, and standards of practice when providing care

Which of the following statements apply to theory generation? (Select all that apply.)

A. Builds scientific knowledge base of nursing

B. Discovers relationships of phenomena to practice

C. Tests specific phenomena

D. Identifies observations about a phenomenon - Correct Answer-A. Builds scientific knowledge base of nursing.

Theory-generating research identifies observations or describes phenomena. It contributes to the scientific

knowledge base of nursing. Relationships of the phenomena to practice and testing specific phenomena are part of the theory-testing research activitie

Which of the following statements about theory-based nursing practice is incorrect?

A. Contributes to evidence-based practice

B. Provides a systematic process for designing nursing interventions

C. Is not linked to nursing outcomes

D. Guides the nurse's assessment - Correct Answer-C. Is not linked to nursing outcomes

Theory-based nursing practice does reflect nursing outcomes. For example, prescriptive theories address specific nursing interventions and predict the patient response.

As an art nursing relies on knowledge gained from practice and reflection on past experiences. As a science nursing relies on (select all that apply):

A. Experimental research.

B. Nonexperimental research.

C. Research from other disciplines.

D. Professional opinions. - Correct Answer-A. Experimental research.

B. Nonexperimental research.

As a science, nursing relies on knowledge gained through research from nursing and other disciplines and scientifically tested knowledge applied in the practice setting.

The client who would be least likely to participate in health teaching activities would choose which model?

A. Clinical model

B. Adaptive model

C. Role performance model

D. Eudaimonistic model - Correct Answer-A. Clinical model

The clinical model of health has the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health. People who use this model of health to guide their use of health care services

may not seek preventative health services, or they may wait until they are very ill to seek care. Personal responsibility for health may not be a motivating factor for this individual because the provider is responsible for dealing with the health problem and returning the person to a state of health. Attempts at health-promoting activities may not be effective with this person. The role performance model has the ability to perform social roles as indicative of health. This model is the basis for work and school physical examinations and physician-excused absences. The adaptive model of health has the ability to adapt positively to social, mental, and physiological changes indicative of health. The eudaimonistic model of health uses exuberant well-being as indicative of health. This model is also more congruent with integrative modes of therapy.

The nurse is teaching about primary prevention and includes which educational statement in the instructions?

A. Everyone should participate in colorectal cancer screening.

B. Health teaching about the risk factors of heart disease should be performed.

C. Limiting disability is a vital role of nursing since preventive measures are therapeutic.

D. The nurse is involved in minimizing the effects of disease and disability by surveillance and maintenance. - Correct Answer-B. Health teaching about the risk factors of heart disease should be performed.

Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. Primary prevention intervention includes health promotion, such as health teaching about risk factors for heart disease, and specific protection, such as immunization against hepatitis B. Its purpose is to decrease the vulnerability of the individual or population to disease or dysfunction. People are taught to use appropriate primary preventive measures. Screening is secondary prevention because the principle goal is to identify individuals in an early, detectable stage of the disease process. Delayed recognition of disease results in the need to limit future disability in late secondary prevention. Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. The process is minimizing the effects the disease and disability by surveillance and maintenance activities aimed at preventing complications and deterioration.

Public health nurses are involved in supporting active health promotion strategies such as: