NR283 Pathophysiology Practice Exam 2 – Units 3 & 4 Questions and Answers 2023, Exams of Nursing

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NR283 Pathophysiology Practice Exam 2 – Units 3 & 4

Questions and Answers 2023

1. The nurse knows that ventilation and respiration are key functions of the lungs. When referring to pulmonary function, respiration is defined as: a. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide b. The movement of air in and out of the lungs c. How many times per minute a person breathes d. The movement of oxygen into the tissues
2. When describing alveoli to a patient, which statement by the nurse indicates understanding of their function and structure: a. Alveoli are collection of sacs that resemble a complex matrix of solutes and solutions, and are responsible for transporting oxygen b. Alveoli are sacs that form together to resemble a cluster of grapes, and are responsible for facilitating gas exchange c. Alveoli are round and doughnut-shaped and are available when the lungs need extra tidal volume d. Alveoli are thin, filament-like structures that facilitate gas exchange in the lungs
3. The nurse is taking care of a patient who is showing signs of metabolic acidosis. The nurse expects the body to compensate by: a. Hypoventilation b. Hyperventilation c. Increased work of breathing d. Decreased elasticity
4. A patient is in the emergency room with a laceration to her leg and is breathing heavily. She reports feelings of anxiety and panic. Soon she is dizzy and feels tingling in her extremities. The nurse counsels the woman to lie down and do which of the following? a. Breath deeper b. Take fast, shallow breaths c. Slow down her rate of breathing d. Close her eyes and rest
5. The nurse understands that symptoms of respiratory dysfunction can include any of the following (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) a. Cirrhosis b. Cyanosis c. Clubbing d. Clubbed foot e. Dyspnea f. Bloody sputum g. Pulmonary hypertension

6. A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with a pneumothorax. The nurse understands that a pneumothorax is caused by: a. A build-up of fluid inside the lung tissue b. A build-up of fluid outside the lung tissue c. A build-up of air outside the lung tissue d. A build-up of air inside the lung tissue
7. Which of the following statements best describes asthma: a. Asthma is a chronic, congenital disorder that is marked by inflammation and excess mucus production b. Asthma is a chronic, inflammatory disorder that is marked by bronchospasm and excess mucus production c. Asthma is an acute, life-threatening disorder marked by anaphylaxis of the bronchioles d. Asthma is an acute, inflammatory disorder that is marked by invasion of the bronchioles by a bacterial or viral agent
8. Which of the following diseases causes destruction of the alveolar walls? a. Pneumonia b. Atelectasis c. COPD d. Emphysema
9. Which of the following patients has the highest risk of developing pneumonia? a. A 78 - year-old man in a long-term care nursing home b. A 16 - year-old cheerleader with lupus c. A 6 - month-old baby boy who lives with 3 siblings d. A 50 - year-old man with CHTN and diabetes
10. Which of the following statements is true regarding acute bronchitis? a. Acute bronchitis is an inflammatory process resulting from a hypersensitivity reaction b. Acute bronchitis is an infection of the lower respiratory tract, including the alveoli c. Acute bronchitis is self-limiting (it goes away by itself), and is often caused by viral infection d. Acute bronchitis is a risk factor for developing COPD
11. All of the following are part of the cellular components that make up blood except: a. Erythrocytes b. Leukocytes c. Platelets d. Clotting factors

12. The nurse knows that anemia can be caused by: a. Inadequate production of RBC’s b. Premature destruction of RBC’s c. Significant blood loss d. All of the above
13. The nurse is assessing a patient who reports mild fatigue, dizziness, lethargy, pallor, and weakness. The nurse suspects the patient’s blood will be drawn to test for: a. Infection b. Inflammation c. Anemia d. Thrombocytopenia
14. Thrombocytopenia is a disease marked by inadequate platelets and puts the patient at risk for: a. Clots in the microvasculature b. Hemostasis c. Increased bleeding d. Increased blood viscosity
15. The nurse understands that the control of bleeding through coagulation and the formation of a fibrin clot is know as: a. Hemostasis b. Clotting factor c. Action potential d. Hemodynamics
16. Identify the correct sequence of blood entering and moving through the heart. a. Right atrium, lungs, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, body b. Right atrium, left atrium, lungs, right ventricle, left ventricle, body c. Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body d. Left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, body
17. The nurse understands that the two factors that determine cardiac output are: a. Strength and endurance b. Age and health status c. Stroke volume and heart rate d. Heart rate and contractility
18. A nurse is caring for a patient with primary hypertension. Risk factors for primary hypertension include (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY): a. Family history

b. Obesity c. Heavy drinking d. Asian race e. Black race f. High dietary sodium g. Smoking h. High dietary fiber

19. A patient with hypertension wants to know why it is dangerous to his cardiovascular health. The nurse’s best response is: a. “high blood pressure damages your blood vessels and can lead to the formation of plaque” b. “high blood pressure damages your blood vessels and can lead to the development of insulin resistance” c. “high blood pressure causes inadequate blood volume and hypoxia to your organs” d. “high blood pressure causes the heart to fail”
20. Which of the following cardiovascular conditions can directly lead to pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary edema? a. Right-sided heart failure b. Myocardial infarction c. Acute coronary syndrome d. Left-sided heart failure
21. A patient is experiencing severe, radiating chest pain and reports “it feels like an elephant is sitting on my chest”. He is sweating, pale, and his blood pressure is elevated. The nurse anticipates that the patient may be experiencing: a. A panic attack b. Pulmonary embolism c. Myocardial ischemia d. Myocardial infarction
22. When educating a patient about the risks of an MI (heart attack), the nurse knows that the condition that is most indicative of an impending heart attack is: a. Stable angina b. Hypertension c. Unstable angina d. Hypotension
23. The thickening and hardening of a vessel wall due to the accumulation of plaque is called: a. Atherosclerosis b. Coronary artery disease

c. Vessel stenosis d. Hyperlipidemia

24. Which of the following lab values put the patient at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease: a. High HDL b. High LDL c. Low sodium d. Low potassium
25. When a thrombus dislodges and moves through the circulatory system, it is referred to as an: a. Embolism b. Heart attack c. Free radical d. Stroke