NR302 / NR 302: Unit 3 Chapter 12 Study guide (Latest 2021 / 2022): Health Assessment -, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Nursing

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NR I 302 IUnit I 3 IChapter I 12 IStudy IGuide

1. List Ithe I 3 Ilayers Iassociated Iwith Ithe Iskin, Iand Idescribe Ithe Icontents Iof Ieach Ilayer.
   • Epidermis-thin Ibut Itough, Icells Iare Ibound Itogether Ito Iform Isheets Iof Iprotective Ilayers IhasIa Ibasal Icell Ilayer Iand Ia Ihorny Icell Ilayer
   • Dermis- Iinner Isupporting Ilayer Imade Imostly Iof Iconnective Itissue Ior Icollagen I(dense Iand fibrous).
   • Subcutaneous Ilayer- Iadipose Itissue Imade Iup Iof Ilobules Iof Ifat Icells
2. Differentiate Iamong Isebaceous, Ieccrine, Iand Iapocrine Iglands.
   • Sebaceous- Iproduces Isebum Ithat Icomes Ifrom Ihair Ifollicles, Iit Ilubricates Ithe Iskin Iand IhairIand Iforms Iwaterproof Ibarrier
   • Eccrine- Icoiled Itubules Ithat Iopen Idirectly Ion Ithe Iskins Isurface Iand Iproduce Isweat
   • Apocrine- Ithick Imilky Isolution Ithat Iopens Iinto Ihair Ifollicles Ilocated Iin Iaxillae, Ianogenital,Inipples Iand Inavel Ithey Ibecome Iactive Iat Ipuberty.
3. List Iat Ileast I 5 Ifunctions Iof Ithe Iskin. Protection, Iprevents Ipenetration, Iperception, Itemperature Iregulation, Iidentification,Icommunication, Iwound Irepair, Iwaterproofing Iand Iproduction Iof Ivitamin ID
4. Describe Ithe Iappearance Iof Ipallor, Ierythema, Icyanosis, Iand Ijaundice Iin Iboth Ilight-skinned Iand Idark-skinned Ipersons. IState Icommon Icauses Iof Ieach. Light-skinned Dark-skinned Causes pallor marked Ipallor Absence^ Iof Iunderlying Ired Itones Anxiety, Ifear erythema inflammation Must Ipalpate Ithe IskinIfor Iwarmth Fever, Ilocal Iinflammation Ior Iemotional Ireactions cyanosis Can^ Iappear^ Iblueish IinIthe Iskin Hard Ito IdetermineIvisually High Ilevels Iof Ideoxygenated Iblood jaundice yellowish Clay^ Icolored IstoolsIand Igolden Iurine High Iamounts Iof Ibilirubin Iin Ithe Iblood

5. List Icauses Iof Ichanges Iin Iskin Itemperature- Ihypothermia Iand Ihyperthermia, Itexture- Ihyperthyroidism Iand Ihypothyroidism, Imoisture- Idiaphoresis Iand Idehydration, Imobility- Idecreased Iwith Iedema, Iand Iturgor- Idehydration Ior Iweight Iloss.
6. The Iwhite Ilinear Imarkings Ithat Inormally Iare Ivisible Ithrough Ithe Inail Iand Ion Ithe Ipink Inail Ibed Iare Itermed I I I I Ileukonychia.
7. Describe Ithe Ifollowing Ifindings Ithat Iare Icommon Ivariations Ion Ithe Iinfant’s Iskin:
   • Mongolian Ispot I– Ihyperpigmentation Iin Iblack, IAsian, Inative IAmerican Iand IHispanicIinfants Iusually Ion Ibuttocks
   • af Iau Ilait Ispot I– Ilarge Iround Ior Ioval Ipatch Iof Ibrown Ipigmentation Iat Ibirth
   • Erythema Itoxicum I–tiny Ipunctate Ired Imacules Iand Ipapules Ion Icheeks, Itrunk, Ichest, Iback Iand Ibuttocks
   • Cutis Imarmorata I– Itransient Imottling Iin Ithe Itrunk Ior Iextremities Iand Iforms Ia Ireticulated red Ior Iblue Ipattern Iover Ithe Iskin
   • Physiologic Ijaundice I– Iyellowing Iof Ithe Iskin, Isclera, Iand Imucous Imembranes Ithat IformsI3-4 Idays Iafter Ibirth
   • Milia I– Itiny Iwhite Ipapules Ion Ithe Icheeks Iand Iforehead
8. Describe Ithe Ifollowing Ifindings Ithat Iare Icommon Ivariations Ion Ithe Iaging Iadult’s Iskin:ILentigines I–liver Ispots, Ismall Iareas Iof Ihyperpigmentation Seborrheic Ikeratosis I– Ilooks Idark, Igreasy Iand Istuck Ion Ithe IskinIActinic Ikeratosis I- Acrochordons I(skin Itags)ISebaceous Ihyperplasia
9. Differentiate Iamong Ithese Ipurpuric Ilesions: Ipetechiae, Ibruise, Ihematoma.
10. Differentiate Iamong Ithe Iappearance Iof Ithe Iskin Irash Iof Ithese Ichildhood Iillnesses: ImeaslesI(rubeola), IGerman Imeasles I(rubella), Ichickenpox I(varicella).
11. List Iand Idescribe Ithe I 4 Istages Iof Ipressure Iulcer Idevelopment.
12. Define Iand Igive Ian Iexample Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iprimary Iskin Ilesions: Imacule, Ipapule, Iplaque,Inodule, Itumor, Iwheal, Ivesicle, Ipustule. Define Iand Igive Ian Iexample Iof Ithese Isecondary Ilesions: Icrust, Iscale, Ifissure, Ierosion, Iulcer.

8. Concerning Ithe Ipupillary Ilight Ireflex, Idescribe Iand Icontrast Ia Idirect Ilight Ireflex Iwith IaIconsensual Ilight Ireflex.
9. Identify Icommon Iage-related Ichanges Iin Ithe Ieye.
10. Discuss Ithe Imost Icommon Icauses Iof Idecreased Ivisual Ifunction Iin Ithe Iolder Iadult.
11. Explain Ithe Istatement Ithat Inormal Ivisual Iacuity Iis I20/20.
12. Describe Ithe Imethod Iof Itesting Ifor Ipresbyopia.
13. To Itest Ifor Iaccommodation, Ithe Iperson Ifocuses Ion Ia Idistant Iobject Iand Ithen Ishifts Ithe Igaze ItoIa Inear Iobject Iabout I 6 Iinches Iaway. IAt Inear Idistance, Iyou Iwould Iexpect Ithe Ipupils Ito I (dilate/constrict) Iand Ithe Iaxes Iof Ithe Ieyes Ito.
14. Concerning Imalalignment Iof Ithe Ieye Iaxes, Icontrast Iphoria Iwith Itropia.
15. Describe Iabnormal Ifindings Iof Itissue Icolor Ithat Iare Ipossible Ion Ithe Iconjunctiva Iand Isclera,Iand Idescribe Itheir Isignificance.
16. Describe Ithe Imethod Iof Ieverting Ithe Iupper Ieyelid Ifor Iexamination.
17. Contrast Ipinguecula Iwith Ipterygium.
18. Contrast Ithe Iuse Iof Ithe Inegative Idiopter Ior Ired Ilens Isettings Iwith Ithe Ipositive Idiopter Ior Iblack Ilens Isettings Ion Ithe Iophthalmoscope.
19. Explain Ithe Irationale Ifor Itesting Ifor Istrabismus Iduring Iearly Ichildhood.
20. Describe Ithese Ifindings, Iand Iexplain Itheir Isignificance: Iepicanthal Ifold; Ipseudostrabismus;Iophthalmia Ineonatorum; IBrushfield Ispots.
21. Describe Ithe Ifollowing I 4 Itypes Iof Ired Ieye, Iand Iexplain Itheir Isignificance: a. Conjunctivitis: b. Subconjunctival Ihemorrhage: c. Iritis: d. Acute Iglaucoma: Chapter I 15

1. List Ithe I 3 Ifunctions Iof Ithe Imiddle Iear.
2. Contrast I 2 Ipathways Iof Ihearing.
3. Differentiate Iamong Ithe Itypes Iof Ihearing Iloss Iand Igive Iexamples.
4. Relate Ithe Ianatomic Idifferences Ithat Iplace Ithe Iinfant Iat Igreater Irisk Ifor Imiddle Iear Iinfections.
5. Describe Ithe Iwhispered Ivoice Itest Iof Ihearing Iacuity.
6. Explain Ithe Ipositioning Iof Inormal Iear Ialignment Iin Ithe Ichild.
7. Define Iotosclerosis Iand Ipresbycusis.
8. Contrast Ithe Imotions Iused Ito Istraighten Ithe Iear Icanal Iwhen Iusing Ithe Iotoscope Iwith Ian IinfantIversus Ian Iadult.
9. Describe Ithe Iappearance Iof Ithese Inodules Ithat Icould Ibe Ipresent Ion Ithe Iexternal Iear: IDarwin’sItubercle, Isebaceous Icyst, Itophi, Ichondrodermatitis, Ikeloid, Icarcinoma.
10. Describe Ithe Iappearance Iof Ithese Iconditions Ithat Icould Iappear Iin Ithe Iear Icanal: Iosteoma,Iexostosis, Ifuruncle, Ipolyp, Iforeign Ibody.
11. List Ithe Idisease Istate Isuggested Iby Ithe Ifollowing Idescriptions Iof Ithe Iappearance Iof Ithe Ieardrum: Iyellow-amber Icolor, Ipearly Igray Icolor, Iair-fluid Ilevel, Idistorted Ilight Ireflex, Ired Icolor,Idense Iwhite Iareas, Ioval Idark Iareas, Iblack Ior Iwhite Idots Ion Idrum, Iblue Idrum.
12. List Ithe Ifindings Ithat Imay Iappear Iduring Ithe Iwhispered Ivoice Itest Iand Iaudiometric Iscreening. Chapter I 16
13. Name Ithe Ifunctions Iof Ithe Inose.
14. Describe Ithe Isize Iand Icomponents Iof Ithe Inasal Icavity.
15. List Ithe I 4 Isets Iof Iparanasal Isinuses, Iand Idescribe Itheir Ifunction.
16. List Ithe I 3 Ipairs Iof Isalivary Iglands, Iincluding Itheir Ilocation Iand Ithe Ilocations Iof Itheir IductIopenings.
17. After Itooth Iloss Iin Ithe Imiddle Ior Iolder Iadult, Idescribe Ithe Iconsequences Iof Ichewing Iwith ItheIremaining Imaloccluded Iteeth.
18. Describe Ithe Iappearance Iof Ia Ideviated Inasal Iseptum Iand Ia Iperforated Iseptum.