NR507/ NR 507 Midterm Exam (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions, Exams of Nursing

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NR507/i,-NRi,- 507 i,-Midtermi,-Exami,-(Latesti,- 202 5/i,-

2026 i,-Update)i,-Advancedi,-Pathophysiologyi,-|i,-

Questionsi,-withi,-Verifiedi,-Answers|i,-100%i,-

Correcti,-|Gradei,-Ai,-–i,-Chamberlain.

Wherei,-arei,-antibodiesi,-produced?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a.i,-Helperi,-Ti,-lymphocytes

b.i,-Thymusi,-gland

c.i,-Plasmai,-cells

d.i,-Bonei,-marrowi,-i,- i,-c.i,-Plasmai,-cells

Thei,-lungi,-isi,-innervatedi,-byi,-thei,-parasympathetici,-nervousi,-systemi,-viai,-

whichi,-nerve?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a.i,-Vagus

b.i,-Phrenic

c.i,-Brachial

d.i,-Pectorali,-i,- i,-a.i,-Vagus

Whati,-physicali,-signi,-isi,-thei,-resulti,-ofi,-turbulenti,-bloodi,-flowi,-throughi,-ai,-

vessel?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a.i,-Increasedi,-bloodi,-pressurei,-duringi,-periodsi,-ofi,-stress

b.i,-Boundingi,-pulsei,-felti,-oni,-palpation

c.i,-Cyanosisi,-observedi,-oni,-excretion

d.i,-Murmuri,-heardi,-oni,-auscultationi,-i,- i,-d.i,-Murmuri,-heardi,-oni,-

auscultation

Whati,-isi,-thei,-primaryi,-causei,-ofi,-respiratoryi,-distressi,-syndromei,-(RDS)i,-

ofi,-thei,-newborn?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Immaturei,-immunei,-system

b)i,-Smalli,-alveoli

c)i,-Surfactanti,-deficiency

d)i,-Anemiai,-i,- i,-c)i,-Surfactanti,-deficiency

Whati,-isi,-thei,-fundamentali,-physiologici,-manifestationi,-ofi,-anemia?i,-

(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Hypotension

b)i,-Hyperesthesia

c)i,-Hypoxia

d)i,-Ischemiai,-i,- i,-c)i,-Hypoxia

Whichi,-termi,-isi,-usedi,-toi,-describei,-ai,-musclei,-celli,-showingi,-ai,-reducedi,-

abilityi,-toi,-formi,-newi,-musclei,-

whilei,-appearingi,-highlyi,-disorganized?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

b.i,-Aortici,-valve

c.i,-Coronaryi,-sinus

d.i,-Aortai,-i,- i,-d.i,-Aorta

2 i,-Wherei,-ini,-thei,-respiratoryi,-tracti,-doi,-thei,-majorityi,-ofi,-foreigni,-objectsi,-

aspiratedi,-byi,-childreni,-finallyi,-

lodge?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a.i,-Trachea

b.i,-Lefti,-lung

c.i,-Bronchus

d.i,-Bronchiolesi,-i,- i,-c.i,-Bronchus

3 i,-Whichi,-typei,-ofi,-antibodyi,-isi,-involvedi,-ini,-typei,-Ii,-hypersensitivityi,-

reaction?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a.i,-IgA

b.i,-IgE

c.i,-IgG

d.i,-IgMi,-i,- i,-b.i,-IgE

4 i,-Hypersensitivityi,-isi,-besti,-definedi,-asi,-a(an):i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a.i,-Disturbancei,-ini,-thei,-immunologici,-tolerancei,-ofi,-selfantigens

b.i,-Immunologici,-reactioni,-ofi,-onei,-personi,-toi,-thei,-tissuei,-ofi,-anotheri,-

person

c.i,-Alteredi,-immunologici,-responsei,-toi,-ani,-antigeni,-thati,-resultsi,-ini,-

disease

d.i,-Undetectablei,-immunei,-responsei,-ini,-thei,-presencei,-ofi,-antigensi,-i,-

i,-c.i,-Alteredi,-immunologici,-responsei,-toi,-ani,-antigeni,-thati,-resultsi,-ini,-

disease

5 i,-Whati,-isi,-thei,-finali,-stagei,-ofi,-thei,-infectiousi,-process?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a.i,-Colonization

b.i,-Invasion

c.i,-Multiplication

d.i,-Spreadi,-(1.i,-Colonizationi,-2.i,-Invasioni,-3.i,-Multiplyi,-4.i,-Spread)i,-i,- i,-d.i,-

Spreadi,-(1.i,-Colonizationi,-2.i,-Invasioni,-3.i,-Multiplyi,-4.i,-Spread)

6 i,-Thei,-functioni,-ofi,-thei,-forameni,-ovalei,-ini,-ai,-fetusi,-allowsi,-whati,-toi,-

occur?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a.i,-Righttolefti,-bloodi,-shunting

b.i,-Lefttorighti,-bloodi,-shunting

c.i,-Bloodi,-flowi,-fromi,-thei,-umbilicali,-cord

d.i,-Bloodi,-flowi,-toi,-thei,-lungsi,-i,- i,-a.i,-Righttolefti,-bloodi,-shunting

c.i,-Mutationi,-ofi,-celli,-growthi,-stimulatedi,-byi,-thei,-TP53i,-gene

d.i,-Transformationi,-ofi,-cellsi,-fromi,-dysplasiai,-toi,-anaplasiai,-i,- i,-a.i,-

Normali,-mechanismi,-fori,-cellsi,-toi,-selfdestructi,-wheni,-growthi,-isi,-

excessive

11 i,-Whichi,-statementi,-concerningi,-benigni,-tumorsi,-isi,-true?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a.i,-Thei,-resultingi,-paini,-isi,-severe.

b.i,-Benigni,-tumorsi,-arei,-noti,-encapsulated.

c.i,-Benigni,-tumorsi,-arei,-fasti,-growing.

d.i,-Thei,-cellsi,-arei,-welldifferentiated.i,-i,- i,-d.i,-Thei,-cellsi,-arei,-

welldifferentiated.

Whichi,-complexi,-(wave)i,-representsi,-thei,-sumi,-ofi,-alli,-ventriculari,-

musclei,-celli,-depolarizations?i,-(Points

:i,-2)

a.i,-PRS

b.i,-QRS

c.i,-QTi,-interval

d.i,-Pi,-i,- i,-b.i,-QRS

Whichi,-organismi,-isi,-ai,-commoni,-sexuallyi,-transmittedi,-bacteriali,-

infection?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a.i,-Staphylococcusi,-aureus

b.i,-Clostridiumi,-perfringens

c.i,-Helicobacteri,-pylori

d.i,-Treponemai,-pallidumi,-i,- i,-d.i,-Treponemai,-pallidum

Whichi,-organi,-isi,-stimulatedi,-duringi,-thei,-alarmi,-phasei,-ofi,-thei,-generali,-

adaptationi,-syndromei,-(GAS)?i,-

(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a.i,-Adrenali,-cortex

b.i,-Hypothalamus

c.i,-Anteriori,-pituitary

d.i,-Limbici,-systemi,-i,- i,-b.i,-Hypothalamus

Whati,-isi,-thei,-rolei,-ofi,-caretakeri,-genes?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a.i,-Maintenancei,-ofi,-genomici,-integrity

b.i,-Proliferationi,-ofi,-canceri,-cells

c.i,-Secretioni,-ofi,-growthi,-factors

d.i,-Restorationi,-ofi,-normali,-tissuei,-structurei,-i,- i,-a.i,-Maintenancei,-ofi,-

genomici,-integrity

c)i,-Rupturingi,-ofi,-thei,-tonsils

d)i,-Gaggingi,-inducedi,-aspirationi,-i,- i,-b)i,-Laryngospasms

27.27.i,-Whichi,-laboratoryi,-testi,-isi,-consideredi,-adequatei,-fori,-ani,-

accuratei,-andi,-reliablei,-

diagnosisi,-ofi,-gonococcali,-urethritisi,-ini,-ai,-symptomatici,-man?i,-(Pointsi,-

:i,-2)

a)i,-Ligasei,-chaini,-reactioni,-(LCR)

b)i,-Gram-staini,-technique

c)i,-Polymerasei,-chaini,-reactioni,-(PCR)

d)i,-DNAi,-testingi,-i,- i,-b)i,-Gram-staini,-technique

28.28.i,-Whichi,-primaryi,-characteristici,-isi,-uniquei,-fori,-thei,-immunei,-

response?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Thei,-immunei,-responsei,-isi,-similari,-eachi,-timei,-iti,-isi,-activated.

b)i,-Thei,-immunei,-responsei,-isi,-specifici,-toi,-thei,-antigeni,-thati,-initiatesi,-it.

c)i,-Thei,-responsei,-toi,-ai,-specifici,-pathogeni,-isi,-shorti,-term.

d)i,-Thei,-responsei,-isi,-innate,i,-ratheri,-thani,-acquired.i,-i,- i,-b)i,-Thei,-

immunei,-responsei,-isi,-specifici,-toi,-thei,-antigeni,-thati,-initiatesi,-it.

29.29.i,-Wheni,-ani,-individuali,-aspiratesi,-foodi,-particles,i,-wherei,-wouldi,-

thei,-nursei,-expecti,-toi,-

heari,-decreasedi,-ori,-absenti,-breathi,-sounds?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Lefti,-lung

b)i,-Righti,-lung

c)i,-Trachea

d)i,-Carinai,-i,- i,-b)i,-Righti,-lung

30.30.i,-Whati,-isi,-thei,-primaryi,-sitei,-fori,-uncomplicatedi,-locali,-gonococcii,-

infectionsi,-ini,-men?i,-

(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Epididymis

b)i,-Lymphi,-nodes

c)i,-Urethra

d)i,-Prostatei,-i,- i,-c)i,-Urethra

31.31.i,-Deficienciesi,-ini,-whichi,-elementi,-cani,-producei,-depressioni,-ofi,-

bothi,-B-i,-andi,-T-celli,-

function?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Iron

b)i,-Zinc

c)i,-Iodine

d)i,-Magnesiumi,-i,- i,-b)i,-Zinc

34.34.i,-Ini,-ai,-normal,i,-nonmutanti,-state,i,-ani,-oncogenei,-isi,-referredi,-toi,-asi,-

a:i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Basali,-cell

b)i,-Targeti,-cell

c)i,-Caretakeri,-gene

d)i,-Proto-oncogenei,-i,- i,-d)i,-Proto-oncogene

35.35.i,-Infantsi,-arei,-mosti,-susceptiblei,-toi,-significanti,-lossesi,-ini,-totali,-

bodyi,-wateri,-becausei,-

ofi,-ani,-infant's:i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Highi,-bodyi,-surface-to-bodyi,-sizei,-ratio

b)i,-Slowi,-metabolici,-rate

c)i,-Kidneysi,-arei,-noti,-maturei,-enoughi,-toi,-counteri,-fluidi,-losses

d)i,-Inabilityi,-toi,-communicatei,-adequatelyi,-wheni,-hei,-ori,-shei,-isi,-thirstyi,-i,-

i,-c)i,-Kidneysi,-arei,-noti,-maturei,-enoughi,-toi,-counteri,-fluidi,-losses

36.36.i,-Ai,-personi,-withi,-typei,-Oi,-bloodi,-isi,-consideredi,-toi,-bei,-thei,-

universali,-bloodi,-donori,-

becausei,-typei,-Oi,-bloodi,-containsi,-whichi,-ofi,-thei,-following?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Noi,-antigens

b)i,-Noi,-antibodies

c)i,-Bothi,-Ai,-andi,-Bi,-antigens

d)i,-Bothi,-Ai,-andi,-Bi,-antibodiesi,-i,- i,-a)i,-Noi,-antigens

37.37.i,-Whichi,-typei,-ofi,-immunityi,-isi,-producedi,-byi,-ani,-individuali,-afteri,-

eitheri,-naturali,-

exposurei,-toi,-thei,-antigeni,-ori,-afteri,-immunizationi,-againsti,-thei,-

antigen?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Passive-acquiredi,-immunity

b)i,-Active-acquiredi,-immunity

c)i,-Passive-innatei,-immunity

d)i,-Active-innatei,-immunityi,-i,- i,-b)i,-Active-acquiredi,-immunity

38.38.i,-Erythrocytei,-lifei,-spani,-ofi,-lessi,-thani,- 120 i,-days,i,-ineffectivei,-bonei,-

marrowi,-response

toi,-erythropoietin,i,-andi,-alteredi,-ironi,-metabolismi,-describei,-thei,-

pathophysiologici,-characteristicsi,-ofi,-

whichi,-typei,-ofi,-anemia?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Aplastic

b)i,-Sideroblastic

c)i,-Anemiai,-ofi,-chronici,-disease

d)i,-Ironi,-deficiencyi,-i,- i,-c)i,-Anemiai,-ofi,-chronici,-disease

42.42.i,-Whati,-isi,-thei,-mosti,-commoni,-causei,-ofi,-insufficienti,-

erythropoiesisi,-ini,-children?i,-

(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Folici,-acidi,-deficiency

b)i,-Ironi,-deficiency

c)i,-Hemoglobini,-abnormality

d)i,-Erythrocytei,-abnormalityi,-i,- i,-b)i,-Ironi,-deficiency

43.43.i,-Whati,-arei,-thei,-abnormalitiesi,-ini,-cytokinesi,-foundi,-ini,-childreni,-

withi,-cystici,-fibrosisi,-

(CF)?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Deficiti,-ofi,-interleukini,-(IL)- 1 i,-andi,-ani,-excessi,-ofi,-IL-4,i,-IL-12,i,-andi,-

interferon-alphai,-(IFN-

b)i,-Deficiti,-ofi,-IL- 6 i,-andi,-ani,-excessi,-ofi,-IL-2,i,-IL-8,i,-andi,-granulocytei,-

colony-stimulatingi,-factori,-(Gi,-CSF)

c)i,-Deficiti,-ofi,-IL- 10 i,-andi,-ani,-excessi,-ofi,-IL-1,i,-IL-8,i,-andi,-TNF-

d)i,-Deficiti,-ofi,-IL- 3 i,-andi,-ani,-excessi,-ofi,-IL-14,i,-IL-24,i,-andi,-colony-

stimulatingi,-factori,-(CSF)i,-i,- i,-c)i,-Deficiti,-ofi,-IL- 10 i,-andi,-ani,-excessi,-ofi,-IL-

1,i,-IL-8,i,-andi,-TNF-

44.44.i,-Whichi,-manifestationsi,-ofi,-vasoocclusivei,-crisisi,-arei,-associatedi,-

withi,-sicklei,-celli,-

diseasei,-(SCD)i,-ini,-infants?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Atelectasisi,-andi,-pneumonia

b)i,-Edemai,-ofi,-thei,-handsi,-andi,-feet

c)i,-Stasisi,-ulcersi,-ofi,-thei,-hands,i,-ankles,i,-andi,-feet

d)i,-Splenomegalyi,-andi,-hepatomegalyi,-i,- i,-b)i,-Edemai,-ofi,-thei,-handsi,-

andi,-feet

45.45.i,-Whati,-processi,-allowsi,-thei,-kidneyi,-toi,-respondi,-toi,-ani,-increasei,-

ini,-workload?i,-(Points

:i,-2)

a)i,-Glomerulari,-filtration

b)i,-Secretioni,-ofi,-1,25-dihydroxyvitamini,-D

c)i,-Increasedi,-hearti,-rate

d)i,-Compensatoryi,-hypertrophyi,-i,- i,-d)i,-Compensatoryi,-hypertrophy

46.46.i,-Whati,-isi,-thei,-directi,-actioni,-ofi,-atriali,-natriuretici,-hormone?i,-

(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Sodiumi,-retention

b)i,-Sodiumi,-excretion

c)i,-Wateri,-retention

d)i,-Wateri,-excretioni,-i,- i,-b)i,-Sodiumi,-excretion

c)i,-Stimulatesi,-renini,-andi,-aldosterone.

d)i,-Inhibitsi,-renini,-andi,-aldosterone.i,-i,- i,-d)i,-Inhibitsi,-renini,-andi,-

aldosterone.

50.50.i,-Whichi,-T-lymphocytei,-phenotypei,-isi,-thei,-keyi,-determinanti,-ofi,-

childhoodi,-asthma?i,-

(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Clusteri,-ofi,-differentiationi,-(CD)i,- 4 i,-T-helperi,-Th1i,-lymphocytes

b)i,-CD4i,-T-helperi,-Th2i,-lymphocytes

c)i,-CD8i,-cytotoxici,-Ti,-lymphocytes

d)i,-Memoryi,-Ti,-lymphocytesi,-i,- i,-b)i,-CD4i,-T-helperi,-Th2i,-lymphocytes

51.51.i,-Ini,-whichi,-primaryi,-immunei,-deficiencyi,-isi,-therei,-ai,-partial-to-

completei,-absencei,-ofi,-

T-celli,-immunity?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Brutoni,-disease

b)i,-DiGeorgei,-syndrome

c)i,-Reticulari,-dysgenesis

d)i,-Adenosinei,-deaminasei,-deficiencyi,-i,- i,-b)i,-DiGeorgei,-syndrome

53.53.i,-Thei,-mosti,-commoni,-sitei,-ofi,-metastasisi,-fori,-ai,-patienti,-

diagnosedi,-withi,-prostatei,-

canceri,-isi,-whichi,-location?i,-(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Bones

b)i,-Brain

c)i,-Bladder

d)i,-Kidneyi,-i,- i,-a)i,-Bones

54.54.i,-Whichi,-cardiaci,-chamberi,-hasi,-thei,-thinnesti,-walli,-andi,-why?i,-

(Pointsi,-:i,-2)

a)i,-Thei,-righti,-andi,-lefti,-atria;i,-theyi,-arei,-low-pressurei,-chambersi,-thati,-

servei,-asi,-storagei,-unitsi,-

andi,-conduitsi,-fori,-blood.

b)i,-Thei,-righti,-andi,-lefti,-atria;i,-theyi,-arei,-noti,-directlyi,-involvedi,-ini,-thei,-

preload,i,-contractility,i,-ori,-

afterloadi,-ofi,-thei,-heart.

c)i,-Thei,-lefti,-ventricle;i,-thei,-meani,-pressurei,-ofi,-bloodi,-comingi,-intoi,-thisi,-

ventriclei,-isi,-fromi,-thei,-

lung,i,-whichi,-hasi,-ai,-lowi,-pressure.

d)i,-Thei,-righti,-ventricle;i,-iti,-pumpsi,-bloodi,-intoi,-thei,-pulmonaryi,-

capillaries,i,-whichi,-havei,-ai,-loweri,-

pressurei,-comparedi,-withi,-thei,-systemici,-circulation.i,-i,- i,-a)i,-Thei,-righti,-

andi,-lefti,-atria;i,-theyi,-arei,-low-pressurei,-chambersi,-thati,-servei,-asi,-

storagei,-units