NR511 Final Exam Study Guide, Exams of Nursing

Download NR511 Final Exam Study Guide and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NR511 Final exam Study Guide Latest Updated Exam Guide 2024/2025 Janet is a 30 year old woman who has been recently diagnosed with a herniated disc at the level of L5-S1. She is currently in the emergency room with suspician of cauda equna compression. Which of the following is a sign or symptom of cauda equina compression? a. gastrocnemius weakness b. reduced or absent ankle refles c. numbness of the lateral foot d. paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks - ansd. paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks The patient has acute pancreatitis with 7 of the diagnostic criteria from Ranson's Criteria. In order to plan care, the clinician understands that this criteria score has which of the following meanings? a. a high mortality rate b. an increased chance of recurrence c. 7% chance of the disease becoming chronic d. all of the above - ansa. a high mortality rate Reuben, age 24, has HIV and just had a routine viral load test done. The results show a falling viral load What does this indicate a. a favorable diagnostic trend b. disease progression c. the need to be more aggressive with Reuben's medications d. the eradication of the HIV - ansa. a favorable diagnostic trend Which is the differentiating symptom mbetween labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis? a. symptoms with vestibular neuritis are usually acute in onset, whereas with labyrinthitis the onet is more gradual b. hearing loss may be associated with vestibular neuritis, but not with labyrinthitis c. symptoms with labyrinthitis are usually acute in onset, ,whereas with vesticular neuritis the onset is more gradual d. hearing loss may be associated with labyrinthitis ,but not with vestibular neuritis. - ansd. hearing loss may be associated with labyrinthitis ,but not with vestibular neuritis. A 27 year old female presents with a chief complaint of burning and pain on urination. She has no previous history of urinary tract infection. what are some additional symptoms consistant with a diagnosis of lower UTI? a. back and abdominal pain b. fever, chills, costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness NR511 Final exam Study Guide Latest Updated Exam Guide 2024/2025 c. blood in urine and frequency d. foul-smelling discharge, perineal itch - ansc. blood in urine and frequency The differential diagnosis for vertigo can be classified into which of the following categories: a. peripheral vestibular disease b. CNS disorders c. Systemic disorders d. all of the above - ansd. all of the above Sam is a 25-year-old man who has been diagnosed with low back strain based on his history of localized low back pain and muscle spasm along with a normal neurological examination. As the clinician, you explain to Sam that low back pain is a diagnosis of exclusion. Which of the following symptoms would alert the clinician to the more serious finding of a herniated nucleus pulposus or ruptured disc? a. morning stiffness and limited mobility of the lumbar spine b. unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater than the back pain c. Fever, chills, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate d. pathologic fractures, severe night pain, weight loss and fatigue - ansb. unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater than the back pain Preceptors must always see the patients that the students see in the clinical setting a. true b. false - ansa. true An 82 year old man is seen in the primary care office with complaints of dribbling urine and difficulty starting his stream. Which of the following should be included in the list of differentials? a. BPH b. Prostate cancer c. UTI d. all of the above - ansd. all of the above Which causes the greatest percentage of mammalian bites? a. dogs b. cats c. humans d. rodents - ansa. dogs Endoscopic report reveals the presents of Barrett's epithelium. Which of the following information should the clinician include in the explaination of the pathology report? a. this is a premalignant tissue NR511 Final exam Study Guide Latest Updated Exam Guide 2024/2025 a. true b. false - ansb. false A patient is diagnosed with Giardia after backpacking trip in the mountains. Which of the following would be the appropriate treatement? a. Vancomycin b. Penicillin c. Metronidazole d. Bactrim - ansc. Metronidazole The most cost effective screening test to determine HIV status is which of the following? a. western blot b. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) c. venereal disease research laboratory test (VDRL) d. Viral load - ansb. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) The clinician sees a patient who is 5 feet tall and weighs 150 pounds (:BMI 29.3). How would the clinician classify this patient? a. overweight b. Mild Obesity c. Moderate Obesity d. morbid obesity - ansb. Mild Obesity One of the initial steps in assessing patients with musculoskeletal complaints is to determine whether the complaint is articular or nonarticular in origin. Which of the following is an example of an articular srtucture? A. Fascia B. Bone C. Synovium D. Tendons - ansC. Synovium Jennifer is an 18-year-old girl who comes to the emergency room after a fall during a soccer game. Jennifer explains that she fell on her left side and kept her arm out straight to break her fall. She has been experiencing severe pain and limited range of motion in her left shoulder. The clinician has diagnosed Jennifer with a dislocated shoulder. Which of the following statements are true concerning shoulder dislocation? a. posterior dislocations are more common than anterior dislocations b. there is a risk of neurovascular and neurosensory trauma, so the clinician should check for distal pulses - ansb. there is a risk of neurovascular and neurosensory trauma, so the clinician should check for distal pulses Which of the following types of cellulitis is a streptococcal infection of the superficial layers of the skin which does not involve the subcutaneous layers? NR511 Final exam Study Guide Latest Updated Exam Guide 2024/2025 a. necrotizing fascitis b. periorbital cellulitis c. erysipelas d. flesh eating bacteria - ansc. erysipelas A 76 year old man is seen in the office for complaints of urinary incontinence. The clinican should suspect which of these causes of incontinence in men? a. urethral polyps b,. urinary tract infection (UTI) c. anticholinergic medications d. all of the above - ansd. all of the above Sally, aged 25, presents with impetigo that has been diagnosed as infected with staphylococcus. The clinical presentation is pruritic tender, red vesicles surrounded by erythema with a rash that is ulcerating. She has not been adequately treated recently. Which type of impetigo is this? a. Bullous impetigo b. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) c. Nonbullous impetigo d. Ecthyma - ansd. Ecthyma A 42 year old woman is seen in the clinic with fever, chills, vomiting and severe dysuria. She is diagnosed with acute pyelonepritis. How should this patient be managed? a. 3 day course of oral antibiotics b. hospitalization - ansb. hospitalization Which of the following are risk factors associated with obesity? a. diabetes b. skin infections c. arthritis d. all of the above - ansd. all of the above Which of the following information is essential before prescribing Bactrim DS to a 24 year old woman witht urinary tract infection? a. last menstrual period b. method of birth control c. last unprotected sexual contact d. all of the above - ansd. all of the above A 22 year old male is seen in the clinic because he found a hard lump in his testicle during a testicular self exam (TSE). which of the following shoud be included in the differential diagnosis. a. testicular cancer NR511 Final exam Study Guide Latest Updated Exam Guide 2024/2025 b.. inguinal hernia c. varicocele d. all of the above - ansd. all of the above Which of the following dietary information should be given to a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? a. eliminate coffee b. drink peppermint ice to relieve stomach distress c. recline and rest after meal d. limit the amount of antacids - ansa. eliminate coffee Which of the following are predisposing factors for pyelonephritis? a. pregnancy d. dehydration c. smoking d. alkaline urine - ansd. alkaline urine A patient is seen in the clinic with right upper quadrant pain (RUQ) that is radiating to the middle of the back. The clinical suspects acute cholelithasis. The clinician should expect with of the following laboratory findings? a. Decreased alanine anminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) b. elevated alkaline phosphatase c. elevated indirect biliruben d. decreased white blood cell (WBC) count - ansb. elevated alkaline phosphatase A 25 year old patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, cold intolerance, weght gain and constipation for the past 3 months. On physical exam, the clinican notices a sinus bradycardia, muscular stiffness, coarse dry hair and a delay in relaxation in deep tendon reflexes (DTR's). Which of the following tests should be ordered next? a. Serum Calcium b. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) c. electrolytes d. urine specific gravity - ansb. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) You are preforming muscle strength testing on a patient presenting with musculoskeletal pain and find that the patient has complete range of motion with gravity eliminated. Which numeric grade of muscle strength would you give this patient? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 - ansb. 2 NR511 Final exam Study Guide Latest Updated Exam Guide 2024/2025 a. HSV Type 2 b HIV c Pneumonia d. Syphilis - ansb HIV Mrs. Gary is a 55 year old woman who presents with tightness, pain and limited movement in her right shoulder. She denies any history of trauma. Her exam reveals a 75% reduction in both active and passive range of motion of the right shoulder. Mrs. Gray is also experiencing tenderness with motion and pain at the deltoid insertion. HEr medical history is significant for type 1 DMm and HTN. HEr social history reveals that she is a secretary ant that she is right handed. Based on her exam and medical history, you suspect adhesive capulitis or "frozen shoulder" Which clue in Mrs. Grays history supports the diagnosis? a. history of hypertension b. her affected shoulder is also her dominant hand c. her history of diabetes - ansc. her history of diabetes A 63 year old man is seen in the clinic with a chief complaint of nocturia. Which of the following should be included in the differential diagnosis? a. Psychogenic nocturia b. Urethral polyp c. Irritative posterior urethral lesion d. Benign prostatic hypertrophy - ansd. Benign prostatic hypertrophy Joyce is seen in the clinic complaining of vague symptoms of feeling nervous and irritable, and that her hair will not hold a curl anymore. On physical exam, the clinician finds an irregular heartbeat and brisk reflexes. The differential diagnosis could be which of the following? • Myxedema • Cushing's Syndrome • Pan-hypopituitism • Thyrotoxicosis - ans• Thyrotoxicosis As diabetic retinopathy progresses, the presence of "cotton wool" spots can be detected. Cotton wool spots refer to: a) Venous beading. b) Retinal hemorrhage. c) Nerve fiber layer infarctions. d) Blood vessel proliferation - ansc) Nerve fiber layer infarctions. Which of the following instructions should be given to a patient with nephrolithasis? a. take ibuprofen 600mg every 8 hours b. take tums for upset stomach c. drink more black tea d. increase intake of vegetables like spinach - ansa. take ibuprofen 600mg every 8 hours NR511 Final exam Study Guide Latest Updated Exam Guide 2024/2025 Joyce is taking a long-acting beta agonist for her moderate persistent asthma. What additional medication should she be taking? a. Inhaled corticosteroid (Flovent) b. Leukotriene receptor antagonist c. Systemic corticosteroid (Prednisone) d. Methyl xanthenes (Theophylline - ansa. Inhaled corticosteroid (Flovent) You have detected the presence of crepitus on examination of a patient with a musculoskeletal complaint. Additionally, there is limited range of motion (ROM) with both active and passive movement. These findings suggest that the origin of the musculoskeletal complaint is: A. Articular B. Inflammatory C. Nonarticular D. A and B - ansA. Articular Harvey has a rubbery, smooth, round mass on his chest which is compressible and has a soft to very firm texture. What do you diagnose this as? a. Lipoma b. Nevi c. skin tag d. Adenoma - ansa. Lipoma The patient with Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) should be instructed to eliminate which of these activities? a. Swimming b. weight lifting c. Golfing d. Walking - ansb. weight lifting ...responded to antibiotic therapy. Which of the following actions should be taken next? a. send a urine specimen for microscopy looking for fungal colonies b. increase the dose of the antibiotic c. order a cystoscopy d. order a different antibiotic - ansa. send a urine specimen for microscopy looking for fungal colonies Cydney was just diagnosed with mild, intermittant asthma. Which if the most appropriate medication for her? a. short acting beta-agonist as needed b. short acting beta-agonist twice a day c. long acting beta agonist as needed d. long acting beta agonist twice a day - ansa. short acting beta-agonist as needed NR511 Final exam Study Guide Latest Updated Exam Guide 2024/2025 A patient is seen in the clinic with hematuria confirmed on microscopic examination. The clinician should inquire about the ingestion of which of these substances that may cause hematuria a. NSAIDS b. Beets c. Vitamin A d. Red meat - ansa. NSAIDS What is the most common cause of anemia a. anemia of chronic disease b. sideroblastic anemia c. iron deficiency anemia - ansc. iron deficiency anemia The clinical suspects that a client has patellar instability. In order to test for this, the client is seated with the quadriceps relaxed and the knee is placed in extension. NExt the patella is displaced laterally and the knee flexed to 30 degrees. IF instability is present, this maneuver displaces the patella to an abnormal position on the lateral femoral condyle, and the client will perceive pain. Testing for patellar instability in this way is known as: a. apprehension sign b. bulge sign c. thumb sign d. none of the above - ansa. apprehension sign If your preceptor is out ill on a day that you are scheduled to be in the clinical setting, another preceptor can supervise you as long as they are willing to take you on as a student and they meet the minimum preceptor qualifications. a. true a. false - ansa. false Which of the following should be considered in a patient presenting with erectile dysfunction a. diabetes mellitus b. hypertension c. atherosclerosis d. all of the above - ansd. all of the above A 23 year old sexually active man is seen in the clinic with unilateral painful testicular swelling and diagnosed with epididymitis. In order to prescribe the correct drub, the clinician understands that which of these is them most common causative organism? a. escheichia coli b. staphylococcus aureus c. chlamydia trachomatis NR511 Final exam Study Guide Latest Updated Exam Guide 2024/2025 d. appendicitis never presents with vague pain - ansa. very early A patiennt presents to the clinicians office with a sore throat, fever of 100.7 and tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy. The clinican suspects strep throat and performs a rapid strep test that is negative. What would the next step be? a. the patient should be instructed to rest and increase fluid intake as the infection is most likely viral and resolve without antibiotic therapy b. because the patient does not have strep throat, the clinican should start broad spectrum antibiotics in order to cover the offending pathogen c. a throat culture should be preformed to confirm the results of the rapid strep test - ansc. a throat culture should be preformed to confirm the results of the rapid strep test Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of carpel tunnel syndrome? a. the goal of treatment is to prevent flexion and extension movements of the wrist b. splints are used in carpal tunnel syndrome because the allow for free movement of the fingers and thumb while maintaining the wrist in a neutral position c. corticosteroid injections are discouraged in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome because of the risks for median nerve damage, scarring and infection d all of the above - ansd all of the above Which statement about HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for healthcare workers is most accurate? a. PEP should be started within hours after the exposure b. PEP should be started within 73 hours after the exposure c. Renal and hepatic function tests should be done 6 weeks after beginning PEP d. PEP will prevent potential hepatitis-C infection if present - ansa. PEP should be started within hours after the exposure Sinusitis is considered when there are episodes of prolonged inflammation with repeated or inadequately treated acute infection lasting greater then: a. 4 weeks b. 8 weeks c. 12 weeks d. 16 weeks - ansc. 12 weeks A patient presents with the following signs and symptoms: gradual onset of low grade fever, marked fatigue, severe sore throat and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. Based on the signs and symptoms alone, which of the following conditions is most likely the cause? NR511 Final exam Study Guide Latest Updated Exam Guide 2024/2025 a. gonorrhea b. mononucleosis c. influenza d. herpes zoster - ansb. mononucleosis In which of the following situations would referral to a specialist be needed for sinusitis a. recurrent sinusitis b. allergic sinusitis c. sinusitis that is refractory to antibiotic therapy d. all of the above - ansd. all of the above Heart valve damage resulting from acute rheumatic fever is a long-term sequelae resulting from infection with which of the following pathogens? a. coxsackievirus b. cytomegalovirus c. francisella tularensis d. group A streptococcus - ansd. group A streptococcus What is the recommended calcium intake for adults over the age of 50 with low bone mass? a. 1200mg/day b 1000mg/day c. 1300mg/day d. 1500mg/day - ansd. 1500mg/day A 14 year old is seen with complaints of severe testicular pain. The clinician suspects testicular torsion. Which of the following is the appropriate action? a. obtain a scrotal ultrasound b. obtain a computed tomography scan (CT) c. instruct the patient to elevate the scrotum d. send the patient to the Emergency room - ansc. instruct the patient to elevate the scrotum d. send the patient to the Emergency room All students are subject to review of clinical logs to ensure that they have received a well- rounded experience a. true b. false - ansa. true A 30 year old patient presents with pain on urination. The urine microscopy of unspun urine showed greater than 10 leukocytes/ml and a dipstick was possible for nitrates. What is the probable diagnosis? a. lower urinary tract infection NR511 Final exam Study Guide Latest Updated Exam Guide 2024/2025 b. chlamydia infection c. candidiasis d. pyelonephritis - ansb. chlamydia infection Fluctuations and reductions in estrogen may be a contributing factor in which type of rhinitis? a. vasomotor rhinitis b. rhinitis medicamentosum c. atophic rhinitis d. viral rhinitis - ansa. vasomotor rhinitis John is a 16-year-old boy who presents to the emergency room after hurting his knee in a football game. He described twisting his knee and then being unable to extend it completely. John tells the clinician that he heard a pop when the injury occurred and has been experiencing localized pain. The clinician suspects a meniscal tear. Which test would be most appropriate to assess for the presence of a meniscal tear? a. valgus stress test b. McMurray circumduction test c. Lachman's test d. Varus stress test - ansb. McMurray circumduction test Your patient has decided to give Chantix a try to quit smoking. YOu are discussing his quit date, and he will begin taking the medication starting tomorrow. When should he plan to quit smoking? a. he should stop smoking today b. he should stop smoking tomorrow c. his quit date should be in one week d. he will be ready to quit after the first 30 days - ansc. his quit date should be in one week The patient is prescribed radioactive iodine (RAI) and asks the clinician how this drug works. The clinicans response should include which of the following data? a. RAI prevents the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 b. RAI binds to free T4 c. RAI destroys thyroid tissue d. RAI reduces freely circulating iodine - ansc. RAI destroys thyroid tissue Not sure of the question...something about the oral mucosa membranes a. vincents stomatitis b. allergic stomatitis c. apthous stomatitis d. herpetic stomatitis - ansa. vincents stomatitis