NR565 / NR 565 Midterm Exam Study Guide (Latest 2024 / 2025): Advanced Pharmacology Fundam, Exams of Pharmacology

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NR565 / NR 565 Midterm Exam Study Guide (Latest 2024/ 2025): Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals

Schedule drugs APRNs can prescribe - Correct answer-Drugs that APRNs have the authority to prescribe Determiner and regulator of prescriptive authority - Correct answer-Entity responsible for determiningand regulating prescriptive authority

Impact of limited prescriptive authority on patients - Correct answer-Effects of limited prescriptiveauthority on patients within the healthcare system

Key responsibilities of prescribing - Correct answer-Primary duties and obligations of prescribingmedications

Factors used to make prescribing decisions - Correct answer-Criteria or considerations used to makedecisions about prescribing medications

Pharmacokinetic changes in older adults - Correct answer-Changes in drug absorption, distribution,metabolism, and excretion in older adults

Pharmacodynamic changes in older adults - Correct answer-Changes in drug effects and responses inolder adults

Beer's Criteria - Correct answer-Guidelines for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults Importance of Beer's Criteria - Correct answer-Significance and relevance of Beer's Criteria in clinicalpractice

Impacts/outcomes of polypharmacy - Correct answer-Effects and consequences of taking multiplemedications concurrently

CYP450 inhibitors - Correct answer-Substances that inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes Examples of CYP450 inhibitors - Correct answer-Specific drugs or substances that inhibit cytochromeP450 enzymes

Consequences of incorrect use of CYP450 inhibitors - Correct answer-Adverse effects or outcomesresulting from improper use of CYP450 inhibitors

CYP450 inducers - Correct answer-Substances that induce the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes Examples of CYP450 inducers - Correct answer-Specific drugs or substances that induce cytochromeP450 enzymes

Consequences of incorrect use of CYP450 inducers - Correct answer-Adverse effects or outcomesresulting from improper use of CYP450 inducers

Poor metabolism phenotype - Correct answer-Genetic or physiological condition resulting in impaireddrug metabolism

Regulation of medications by the U.S. FDA - Correct answer-Aspects of medications regulated by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration

Reasons for medication non-adherence - Correct answer-Factors or causes contributing to patients notadhering to medication regimens

Black Box Warnings - Correct answer-Strongest warning labels issued by the U.S. FDA for prescriptiondrugs

Definition and importance of neonate and infant drug absorption - Correct answer-Process andsignificance of drug absorption in neonates and infants

General development and absorption in neonates and infants - Correct answer-Stages and timeline ofdevelopment and absorption of drugs in neonates and infants

Common fears with genetic testing - Correct answer-Typical concerns or anxieties associated withgenetic testing

Guiding principles for prescribers - Correct answer-Fundamental principles or guidelines for healthcareproviders when prescribing medications

Examples of pure opioid agonists - Correct answer-Specific drugs that act as pure opioid agonists Calculation of patient's overdose risk - Correct answer-Process of determining the likelihood of a patientexperiencing an overdose

Referral to pain specialist for pain management - Correct answer-When and why to refer a patient to apain specialist for managing pain

Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) - Correct answer-Database or system used to monitorthe prescribing and dispensing of controlled substances

Importance of Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) - Correct answer-Significance and benefitsof utilizing the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program

Impact of renal and hepatic function on medication levels - Correct answer-How kidney and liverfunction affect the levels of medications in the body

Assessment for possible drug diversion - Correct answer-Process of evaluating and identifying potentialdrug diversion in patients

Indications for prescribing naloxone - Correct answer-When to prescribe naloxone to a patient Behaviors predicting controlled substance addiction - Correct answer-Observable behaviors that indicatea higher risk of developing addiction to controlled substances

Schedule II drugs - Correct answer-Drugs classified as Schedule II controlled substances Rules around prescribing Schedule II drugs - Correct answer-Regulations and requirements forprescribing Schedule II controlled substances

Description of scheduled drugs by the DEA - Correct answer-Explanation and classification of drugs bythe U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration

Treatment of Chronic Pain - Correct answer-Approaches and strategies for managing chronic pain Treatment of osteoarthritis - Correct answer-Methods and interventions for managing osteoarthritis Risk factors for Opioid Use Disorder - Correct answer-Factors that increase the likelihood of developingOpioid Use Disorder

Methadone - Correct answer-Synthetic opioid used for the treatment of opioid use disorder

Black Box Warning for Methadone - Correct answer-Strong warning label issued by the U.S. FDA formethadone

Benefits of using Methadone in opioid use disorder - Correct answer-Advantages and positive outcomesassociated with the use of methadone in opioid use disorder treatment

Buprenorphine and Naloxone - Correct answer-Combination medication used for the treatment ofopioid use disorder

Benefit of using Buprenorphine and Naloxone combination - Correct answer-Advantages and positiveeffects of using the combination medication for opioid use disorder treatment

Use of pregabalin - Correct answer-Application and indications for the use of pregabalin Adverse effects of pregabalin - Correct answer-Undesirable or negative effects associated with the useof pregabalin

Adverse effects of COX-2 inhibitors and NSAIDs - Correct answer-Negative effects or complications thatmay arise from the use of COX-2 inhibitors and NSAIDs

Treatment of hypertension - Correct answer-Approaches and medications used for managing high bloodpressure

Order of HTN medications typically prescribed - Correct answer-Sequence or hierarchy in whichhypertension medications are usually prescribed

Best HTN medication for someone with diabetes - Correct answer-Most suitable hypertensionmedication for an individual with diabetes

Best approach or drug for pregnancy or preconception - Correct answer-Optimal method or medicationchoice for managing hypertension during pregnancy or preconception

Therapeutic action of drug classifications used for hypertension - Correct answer-Mechanisms andeffects of different drug classes used in the treatment of hypertension

Ethnic groups impacted by certain drug classifications - Correct answer-Specific ethnic populationsaffected by particular drug classes used for hypertension

Prescribing considerations for carbamazepine and warfarin - Correct answer-Factors to consider whenprescribing carbamazepine and warfarin together

Beta blockers - Correct answer-Class of medications used to treat various conditions, includinghypertension

Use of beta blockers with nitroglycerin and tachycardia - Correct answer-Administration and effects ofbeta blockers in conjunction with nitroglycerin and tachycardia

Risk of stopping beta blockers abruptly - Correct answer-Potential consequences or adverse effects ofsuddenly discontinuing beta blockers

Effects of beta blockers on individuals with asthma - Correct answer-Impact and potential complicationsof administering beta blockers to patients with asthma

Diuretics - Correct answer-Medications that promote diuresis or increased urine production Action of diuretics - Correct answer-Mechanism of action and effects of diuretic medications Contradictions to thiazide diuretics - Correct answer-Conditions or factors that make the use of thiazidediuretics inappropriate or contraindicated

Monitoring needs for diuretics - Correct answer-Parameters or aspects that need to be monitored whenadministering diuretic medications

Heart failure - Correct answer-Condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood effectively Prescribing response to fibrotic changes in heart failure - Correct answer-Appropriate medications orinterventions for addressing fibrotic changes in heart failure

Effects of cardiac glycosides - Correct answer-Impacts and outcomes of using cardiac glycosidemedications

Interaction between quinidine and digoxin - Correct answer-Effects and consequences of combiningquinidine and digoxin medications

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Risk Score - Correct answer-Score or assessment used toestimate the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Use of ASCVD Risk Score - Correct answer-Application and purpose of using the AtheroscleroticCardiovascular Disease Risk Score

Hyperlipidemia - Correct answer-Condition characterized by high levels of lipids (cholesterol and/ortriglycerides) in the blood

Statin Drugs - Correct answer-Class of medications used to lower cholesterol levels Age for prescribing statin drugs - Correct answer-Appropriate age range for prescribing statinmedications

Ezetimibe (Zetia) - Correct answer-Medication used to reduce cholesterol absorption in the intestines Use of Ezetimibe (Zetia) - Correct answer-Indications and circumstances for prescribing Ezetimibe Pharmacological option for minimizing side effects - Correct answer-Medication class or strategy forreducing adverse effects of other medications

Treatment of high cholesterol with concerns about side effects - Correct answer-Approach ormedication class suitable for managing high cholesterol when side effects are a concern

Angina - Correct answer-Chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart Therapeutic action of organic nitrates - Correct answer-Mechanism of action and effects of organicnitrate medications

Contraindications for ranolazine - Correct answer-Conditions or factors that make the use of ranolazineinappropriate or contraindicated

Most appropriate treatment approach for osteoarthritis - Correct answer-Optimal methods orinterventions for managing osteoarthritis

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis - Correct answer-Medication-based and non-medication-based approaches for managing osteoarthritis

Gout - Correct answer-Type of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of joint pain andinflammation

Complications of untreated gout - Correct answer-Negative outcomes or consequences resulting fromuntreated gout

Treatment of acute gout flare with colchicine - Correct answer-Management and medication options forrelieving acute gout attacks using colchicine

Patient education for gout - Correct answer-Information and guidance provided to patients regardinggout management and self-care

Adverse effects of colchicine - Correct answer-Undesirable or negative effects associated with the use ofcolchicine

Long-term use of allopurinol - Correct answer-Extended or chronic administration of allopurinol formanaging gout

Condition developed with long-term use of allopurinol - Correct answer-Medical condition that mayarise as a result of prolonged allopurinol use

Drug interactions with allopurinol - Correct answer-Effects and consequences of combining allopurinolwith other medications

Co-administration with febuxostat - Correct answer-Simultaneous use of allopurinol and febuxostat formanaging gout

NSAIDs - Correct answer-Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for pain relief and reducinginflammation

Black Box Warning for NSAIDs - Correct answer-Strong warning label issued by the U.S. FDA for NSAIDs Drug interactions with NSAIDs - Correct answer-Effects and consequences of combining NSAIDs withother medications

Therapeutic action of NSAIDs - Correct answer-Mechanism of action and effects of NSAID medications DMARDs - Correct answer-Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs used for treating rheumaticconditions

Baseline diagnostics for all DMARDs - Correct answer-Initial tests or assessments required beforeinitiating any DMARD treatment

Therapeutic response of methotrexate - Correct answer-Expected or desired outcomes when usingmethotrexate as a DMARD

Osteoporosis - Correct answer-Condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk offractures

Alendronate - Correct answer-Medication used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis Patient education for alendronate - Correct answer-Information and guidance provided to patientsregarding alendronate use and precautions

Ibandronate - Correct answer-Medication used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis Dietary supplement interfering with absorption of ibandronate - Correct answer-Specific supplementthat may hinder the absorption of ibandronate

Rheumatoid Arthritis treatment during pregnancy - Correct answer-Approaches and medications usedfor managing rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy

Risk assessment of drugs for pregnancy - Correct answer-Evaluation of the safety and potential risks ofmedications during pregnancy

Prescription Writing - Correct answer-Process of writing and issuing prescriptions for medications Analyzing prescription errors - Correct answer-Identifying and understanding errors or mistakes inwritten prescriptions

Common doses, directions, indications, and calculations for prescriptions - Correct answer-Familiaritywith typical dosages, instructions, indications, and quantity calculations for prescriptions

Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Lortab) - Correct answer-Combination medication containinghydrocodone and acetaminophen

Lisinopril - Correct answer-Medication used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure

Amlodipine - Correct answer-Medication used for the treatment of hypertension and angina Colchicine - Correct answer-Medication used for the treatment and prevention of gout