NREMT EMT COGNITIVE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A, Exams of Nursing

Download NREMT EMT COGNITIVE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NREMT EMT Cognitive Final Exam Questions and Answers Graded A When assessing a conscious patient with an MOI that suggests spinal injury, you should: ✔✔determine if the strength in all extremities is equal. During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should: ✔✔allow him time to think about the question and respond to it. While at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that there are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contact the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should: ✔✔use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch. The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is: ✔✔abdominal or joint pain. A severe risk of terrorist attacks is indicated by the color _____ by the Department of Homeland Security Security Advisory System. ✔✔red When enlisting the help of an interpreter who signs, it is important for you to ask the interpreter to: ✔✔report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary. Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct? ✔✔It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint. A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately: ✔✔16 hours You respond to the residence of a 70-year-old male who complains of weakness and severe shortness of breath. His wife tells you that he is a dialysis patient, but has missed his last two treatments. After applying high-flow oxygen, you auscultate his lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi. The patient is conscious, but appears confused. His blood pressure is 98/54 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and irregular, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should: ✔✔leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport. You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving 100% oxygen and has an oxygen saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is now confused, hypotensive, and profusely diaphoretic. What is MOST likely causing this patient's deterioration? ✔✔compression of the aorta and vena cava Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication: ✔✔between the skin and the muscle. Medications encased in a gelatin shell taken by mouth are called: ✔✔capsules According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total BSA. ✔✔1% A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: ✔✔reassess the patient and document her response to the medication. In determining the potential for a terrorist attack, you should routinely observe all of the following on every call, EXCEPT: ✔✔weather conditions Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct? ✔✔Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in men and women. Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause: ✔✔distention You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be MOST concerned with: ✔✔the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally. Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which: ✔✔a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae. Correct Calming and reassuring an anxious patient can be facilitated by: ✔✔maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible. Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? ✔✔The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen. You are summoned to a convalescent center for an 88-year-old female with an altered mental status. A staff nurse advises you that the patient has terminal cancer and her physician stated that she would probably die within the next few hours; a valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order is presented to you. When caring for this patient, you should: ✔✔make her comfortable and provide emotional support. You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation? ✔✔Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan. Which of the following statements regarding the rapid extrication technique is correct? ✔✔The rapid extrication technique is indicated if the scene is unsafe and the patient is not entrapped in his or her vehicle. The six-pointed Star of Life® emblem identifies vehicles that: ✔✔meet federal specifications as licensed or certified ambulances. Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), such as Ebola, cause the blood to: ✔✔seep out of the blood vessels and tissues. To ensure that you will deliver the appropriate number of chest compressions during one-rescuer adult CPR, you should compress the patient's chest at a rate of least _______ per minute. ✔✔100 Following direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should: ✔✔apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay. A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should: ✔✔apply direct pressure to her arm wound The general adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases? ✔✔alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery The major side effect associated with ingestion of activated charcoal is: ✔✔black stools Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of: ✔✔oxycodone (Percocet). When the body loses sweat, it also loses: ✔✔electrolytes When you begin an oral report, you should state the patient's age, sex, and: ✔✔chief complaint If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: ✔✔a tourniquet proximal to the injury. Common names for activated charcoal include all of the following, EXCEPT: ✔✔fructose Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure? ✔✔poisoning In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer: ✔✔may be relatively painless. Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether: ✔✔thrombolytic therapy is given within 3 hours after symptoms began. You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused, is in obvious respiratory distress, and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate livesaving treatment, you should: ✔✔perform a rapid scan of her entire body and prepare for immediate transport. Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia? ✔✔hyperglycemia Which of the following statements regarding the physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem is correct? ✔✔A physical examination for a behavioral problem may be difficult to perform but may provide clues to the patient's state of mind and thought processes. The term "behavioral crisis" is MOST accurately defined as: ✔✔any reaction that interferes with activities of daily living or is deemed unacceptable by others. During two-rescuer CPR, the compressor and ventilator switch positions. While rescuer one is finishing his or her cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should: ✔✔move to the opposite side of the patient's chest. Bleeding from the nose following head trauma: ✔✔is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped. A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. His is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient includes: ✔✔leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together. Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to: ✔✔blood clotting abnormalities. The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is: ✔✔90 mm Hg After receiving online orders from medical control to perform a patient care intervention, you should: ✔✔repeat the order to medical control word for word. Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing? ✔✔blindness Elderly patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of: ✔✔age-related deterioration of their sensory systems. A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when: ✔✔a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen. A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to go to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should: ✔✔assess whether or not the patient's mental condition is impaired. The presence of thick meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates: ✔✔that the baby's airway may be obstructed. A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes: ✔✔assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate. A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: ✔✔proximal femur What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? ✔✔allows movement of the head An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if: ✔✔authorization from medical control has been obtained. According to the terminal drop hypothesis: ✔✔mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient? ✔✔Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard. Which of the following statements regarding pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is correct? ✔✔PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the: ✔✔liver Which of the following is a function of the upper airway? ✔✔warms and humidifies inhaled air Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is: ✔✔sitting up at a 45° angle. Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT: ✔✔ensuring the absence of a gag reflex. Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct? ✔✔Communication with the patient's caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient's condition. If a technical rescue team is required at the scene, but is not present when you arrive, you should: ✔✔check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route. You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a shooting. Law enforcement personnel are present and have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in a narrow space between the couch and coffee table of his small apartment. He is semiconscious and has a large gunshot wound to his chest. You should: ✔✔quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct? ✔✔Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue. When using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm, the EMT should: ✔✔stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops. Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct? ✔✔Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons. You are assessing a 49-year-old man who complains of chest pressure that began the night before. He is conscious, but anxious, and tells you he has a history of angina and hypertension. After applying high-flow oxygen, you expose his chest to auscultate his lungs and note that he has a nitroglycerin patch on his right upper chest. His skin is cool and pale, his blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular. You should: ✔✔remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport. The musculoskeletal system refers to the: ✔✔bones and voluntary muscles of the body The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is: ✔✔depression Which of the following statements regarding rape is correct? ✔✔Rape is a legal diagnosis, not a medical diagnosis. A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should: ✔✔stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as soon as possible. Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask should be administered to patients: ✔✔with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume. What is the approximate blood volume of a 75-kg adult? ✔✔5.25 L When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: ✔✔age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears. The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by: ✔✔chronic stretching of the alveolar walls. Which of the following patients does NOT have an altered mental status? ✔✔a patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness Ventricular tachycardia is characterized by: ✔✔wide QRS complexes and a heart rate greater than 100 beats/min. Which of the following cardiac arrhythmias is characterized by a complete absence of myocardial electrical and mechanical activity? ✔✔assystole Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct? ✔✔The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), rales, and dependent edema are clinical indicators of: ✔✔congestive heart failure. As an EMT, the performance of your duties will be compared to that of: ✔✔another EMT Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: ✔✔place him or her on a firm surface. Minimum airway and ventilation equipment that should be carried on every ambulance include all of the following, EXCEPT: ✔✔Combitubes or laryngeal mask airways. You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that: ✔✔the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration Which of the following is an example of a brand (trade) name of a drug? ✔✔Tylenol Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include: ✔✔tachycardia The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically: ✔✔70 beats/min. Asthma is caused by a response of the: ✔✔immune system When introduced into the body, ricin causes: ✔✔pulmonary edema and circulatory failure. Which of the following situations would require the use of a specialized rescue team? ✔✔a patient trapped in a cave or a confined space With proper technique, you and your partner should be able to safely lift a patient who weighs up to ______ lb. ✔✔220 Which of the following statements regarding the use of the warning lights and siren on the ambulance is correct? ✔✔If it is necessary to use the siren, you should tell the patient beforehand. A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question form what the patient has said, is called: ✔✔reflective listening Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall? ✔✔a 4′6″ patient who fell 13′ Hemoglobin is: ✔✔found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess: ✔✔eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum: ✔✔is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation. As the first arriving emergency responder at the scene of a suspected terrorist or WMD incident, you should request additional resources as needed and then: ✔✔function as the incident commander until additional personnel arrive. Which of the following organs is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture? ✔✔urinary bladder A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when: ✔✔the normal body processes destroy a clot in a cerebral artery. If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should: ✔✔provide ventilations for 30 seconds If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting: ✔✔the patient history A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a: ✔✔distal humerus fracture The white portion of the eye is called the: ✔✔sclera A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is warm and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing: ✔✔septic shock Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: ✔✔hematemesis. Early signs and symptoms of smallpox include all of the following, EXCEPT: ✔✔skin blisters When a person is standing upright, the weight of anything being lifted and carried in the hands is FIRST reflected onto the: ✔✔shoulder girdle A positive TB skin test indicates that: ✔✔you have been exposed to the disease A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should: ✔✔try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume It is not uncommon for young females who experience their first menstrual period to: ✔✔experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: ✔✔assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities. Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when: ✔✔blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing You respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. After law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patient's dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed; he appears agitated. As you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. He is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110 mm Hg. Treatment for this patient includes: ✔✔attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen if tolerated. A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: ✔✔cardiogenic hypoperfusion. You and your partner are dispatched to a residence for an "ill person." When you arrive, you find that the patient, a 44-year-old man, does not speak English. There are no relatives or bystanders present who can act as an interpreter. You should: ✔✔use short, simple questions and point to specific parts of your body to try to determine the source of the patient's complaint. Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as: ✔✔red areas of skin Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured? ✔✔liver Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called: ✔✔tendons Which of the following statements regarding communication with a child is MOST correct? ✔✔Standing over a child often increases his or her level of anxiety. Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process? ✔✔The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling. The bones of the forearm are called the: ✔✔radius and ulna. Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n): ✔✔laryngeal fracture. You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he: ✔✔has a history of eye surgeries. You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18- monthold female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: ✔✔administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. Which of the following chemicals is a nerve agent? ✔✔soman The heart muscle is called the: ✔✔myocardium Which of the following is the MOST reliable method of estimating a patient's cardiac output? ✔✔Assess the heart rate and strength of the pulse. An elderly patient may understate or minimize the symptoms of his or her illness because: ✔✔he or she fears hospitalization. While examining a woman in labor, you see the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. You should: ✔✔push the infant's head away from the cord When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should: ✔✔keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words The chief component of connective tissues and bones that deteriorates as people age is called: ✔✔collagen The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if: ✔✔pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available When a female has reached menarche: ✔✔she is capable of becoming pregnant Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include: ✔✔restlessness A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a __________ fracture. ✔✔pathologic