NREMT EMT COGNITIVE FULL EXAM WITH GUARANTEED ACCURATE ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

Download NREMT EMT COGNITIVE FULL EXAM WITH GUARANTEED ACCURATE ANSWERS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NREMT EMT COGNITIVE FULL EXAM WITH GUARANTEED ACCURATE ANSWERS When assessing a conscious patient with an MOI that suggests spinal injury, you should: - correct answer ✔✔determine if the strength in all extremities is equal. During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should: - correct answer ✔✔allow him time to think about the question and respond to it. While at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that there are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contact the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should: - correct answer ✔✔use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch. The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is: - correct answer ✔✔abdominal or joint pain. A severe risk of terrorist attacks is indicated by the color _____ by the Department of Homeland Security Security Advisory System. - correct answer ✔✔red When enlisting the help of an interpreter who signs, it is important for you to ask the interpreter to: - correct answer ✔✔report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary. Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct? - correct answer ✔✔It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint. A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately: - correct answer ✔✔16 hours You respond to the residence of a 70-year-old male who complains of weakness and severe shortness of breath. His wife tells you that he is a dialysis patient, but has missed his last two treatments. After applying high-flow oxygen, you auscultate his lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi. The patient is conscious, but appears confused. His blood pressure is 98/54 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and irregular, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should: - correct answer ✔✔leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport. You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving 100% oxygen and has an oxygen saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is now confused, hypotensive, and profusely diaphoretic. What is MOST likely causing this patient's deterioration? - correct answer ✔✔compression of the aorta and vena cava A 60-year-old male is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should: - correct answer ✔✔begin CPR until an AED is available. Equipment and supplies that are carried on an ambulance should be stored: - correct answer ✔✔according to the urgency and frequency of their use. Upon arriving at the scene of a law enforcement tactical situation, you should ensure your own safety and then: - correct answer ✔✔report to the incident commander for instructions. Which of the following statements regarding the scoop stretcher is NOT correct? - correct answer ✔✔A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column. The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes: - correct answer ✔✔pancreatic juice In order to evaluate hazards present at the scene and determine the number of patients, you should: - correct answer ✔✔perform a 360° walk-around of the scene You are caring for a semiconscious man with left-sided paralysis. His airway is patent and his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. Treatment for this patient should include: - correct answer ✔✔oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, left lateral recumbent position, and transport. The six-pointed Star of Life® emblem identifies vehicles that: - correct answer ✔✔meet federal specifications as licensed or certified ambulances. Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), such as Ebola, cause the blood to: - correct answer ✔✔seep out of the blood vessels and tissues. To ensure that you will deliver the appropriate number of chest compressions during one-rescuer adult CPR, you should compress the patient's chest at a rate of least _______ per minute. - correct answer ✔✔100 A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should: - correct answer ✔✔administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital. Which of the following conditions often requires transport to a hospital with specialized capabilities that may not be available at the closest hospital? - correct answer ✔✔stroke and heart attacks Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock? - correct answer ✔✔liver laceration The two MOST efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are: - correct answer ✔✔sweating and dilation of skin blood vessels. A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should: - correct answer ✔✔cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital. Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n): - correct answer ✔✔disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" represents: - correct answer ✔✔ventricular contraction A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. You apply 100% oxygen and assess her blood glucose level, which reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop: - correct answer ✔✔acidosis and dehydration You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: - correct answer ✔✔apply direct pressure to the wound. Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? - correct answer ✔✔Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months. Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash? - correct answer ✔✔aortic ruptures Following direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should: - correct answer ✔✔apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay. A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should: - correct answer ✔✔apply direct pressure to her arm wound The general adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases? - correct answer ✔✔alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery The major side effect associated with ingestion of activated charcoal is: - correct answer ✔✔black stools Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of: - correct answer ✔✔oxycodone (Percocet). When the body loses sweat, it also loses: - correct answer ✔✔electrolytes When you begin an oral report, you should state the patient's age, sex, and: - correct answer ✔✔chief complaint If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: - correct answer ✔✔a tourniquet proximal to the injury. Common names for activated charcoal include all of the following, EXCEPT: - correct answer ✔✔fructose Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure? - correct answer ✔✔poisoning In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer: - correct answer ✔✔may be relatively painless. Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether: - correct answer ✔✔thrombolytic therapy is given within 3 hours after symptoms began. You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused, is in obvious respiratory distress, and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate livesaving treatment, you should: - correct answer ✔✔perform a rapid scan of her entire body and prepare for immediate transport. Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia? - correct answer ✔✔hyperglycemia Which of the following statements regarding the physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem is correct? - correct answer ✔✔A physical examination for a behavioral problem may be difficult to perform but may provide clues to the patient's state of mind and thought processes. Elderly patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of: - correct answer ✔✔age-related deterioration of their sensory systems. A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when: - correct answer ✔✔a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen. A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to go to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should: - correct answer ✔✔assess whether or not the patient's mental condition is impaired. The presence of thick meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates: - correct answer ✔✔that the baby's airway may be obstructed. A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes: - correct answer ✔✔assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate. A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: - correct answer ✔✔proximal femur What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? - correct answer ✔✔allows movement of the head An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if: - correct answer ✔✔authorization from medical control has been obtained. According to the terminal drop hypothesis: - correct answer ✔✔mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient? - correct answer ✔✔Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard. Which of the following statements regarding pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is correct? - correct answer ✔✔PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the: - correct answer ✔✔liver Which of the following is a function of the upper airway? - correct answer ✔✔warms and humidifies inhaled air Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is: - correct answer ✔✔sitting up at a 45° angle. Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT: - correct answer ✔✔ensuring the absence of a gag reflex. When splinting a possible fracture of the foot, it is MOST important for the EMT to: - correct answer ✔✔leave the toes exposed. When faced with a situation in which an older patient with a terminal illness is in cardiac arrest, but written documentation regarding the patient's wishes cannot be located, the EMT should: - correct answer ✔✔attempt to resuscitate the patient The most significant risk factor of hemorrhagic stroke - correct answer ✔✔hypertension The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by: - correct answer ✔✔possible spinal injury In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway? - correct answer ✔✔a 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT: - correct answer ✔✔drowsiness A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action should be to: - correct answer ✔✔record the time and dose of the injection, and transport promptly. Assessing the blood pressure and oxygen saturation of a patient with a behavioral crisis should be performed: - correct answer ✔✔if doing so will not worsen his or her emotional distress. Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? - correct answer ✔✔bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min, his Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is: - correct answer ✔✔9 A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20 and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his ′ chest. You should: - correct answer ✔✔rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live. After ________ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is likely. - correct answer ✔✔6 Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct? - correct answer ✔✔Communication with the patient's caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient's condition. If a technical rescue team is required at the scene, but is not present when you arrive, you should: - correct answer ✔✔check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route. You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a shooting. Law enforcement personnel are present and have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in a narrow space between the couch and coffee The __________ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered. - correct answer ✔✔form Delivering a patient to the hospital involves all of the following activities, EXCEPT: - correct answer ✔✔giving a verbal report to the triage clerk. Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indicators of ____________ elder abuse. - correct answer ✔✔physical The systemic veins function by: - correct answer ✔✔returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart. When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should: - correct answer ✔✔palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful. Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because: - correct answer ✔✔of the risk for airway problems. Which of the following statements regarding transport of patients from a mass-casualty incident or disaster site is correct? - correct answer ✔✔Immediate-priority patients should be transported two at a time. Talking about an elderly patient in front of him or her to other members of the family: - correct answer ✔✔may cause the patient to think that he or she has no say in making decisions. Information included in a radio report to the receiving hospital should include all of the following, EXCEPT: - correct answer ✔✔a preliminary diagnosis of the patient's problem. Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct? - correct answer ✔✔The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), rales, and dependent edema are clinical indicators of: - correct answer ✔✔congestive heart failure. As an EMT, the performance of your duties will be compared to that of: - correct answer ✔✔another EMT Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: - correct answer ✔✔place him or her on a firm surface. Minimum airway and ventilation equipment that should be carried on every ambulance include all of the following, EXCEPT: - correct answer ✔✔Combitubes or laryngeal mask airways. You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that: - correct answer ✔✔the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration Which of the following is an example of a brand (trade) name of a drug? - correct answer ✔✔Tylenol Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include: - correct answer ✔✔tachycardia The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically: - correct answer ✔✔70 beats/min. Asthma is caused by a response of the: - correct answer ✔✔immune system When introduced into the body, ricin causes: - correct answer ✔✔pulmonary edema and circulatory failure. Which of the following situations would require the use of a specialized rescue team? - correct answer ✔✔a patient trapped in a cave or a confined space With proper technique, you and your partner should be able to safely lift a patient who weighs up to ______ lb. - correct answer ✔✔220 Which of the following statements regarding the use of the warning lights and siren on the ambulance is correct? - correct answer ✔✔If it is necessary to use the siren, you should tell the patient beforehand. A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question form what the patient has said, is called: - correct answer ✔✔reflective listening Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall? - correct answer ✔✔a 4′6″ patient who fell 13′ Hemoglobin is: - correct answer ✔✔found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess: - correct answer ✔✔eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum: - correct answer ✔✔is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation. As the first arriving emergency responder at the scene of a suspected terrorist or WMD incident, you should request additional resources as needed and then: - correct answer ✔✔function as the incident commander until additional personnel arrive. Which of the following organs is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture? - correct answer ✔✔urinary bladder A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when: - correct answer ✔✔the normal body processes destroy a clot in a cerebral artery. The term primigravida refers to a woman who: - correct answer ✔✔is pregnant for the first time Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as: - correct answer ✔✔knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: - correct answer ✔✔assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities. Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when: - correct answer ✔✔blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing You respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. After law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patient's dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed; he appears agitated. As you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. He is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110 mm Hg. Treatment for this patient includes: - correct answer ✔✔attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen if tolerated. A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: - correct answer ✔✔cardiogenic hypoperfusion. You and your partner are dispatched to a residence for an "ill person." When you arrive, you find that the patient, a 44-year-old man, does not speak English. There are no relatives or bystanders present who can act as an interpreter. You should: - correct answer ✔✔use short, simple questions and point to specific parts of your body to try to determine the source of the patient's complaint. A folding or portable stretcher is MOST beneficial when: - correct answer ✔✔a second patient must be transported on the squad bench of the ambulance The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected: - correct answer ✔✔cervical spine injuries. The signs and symptoms of insulin shock are the result of: - correct answer ✔✔decreased blood glucose levels In contrast to simple access, complex access: - correct answer ✔✔involves forcible entry into a vehicle The rescue team is in the process of extricating a 40-year-old male from his truck. The patient's wife, who was uninjured in the crash, is calmly observing the extrication and asks you if her husband will be all right. You should: - correct answer ✔✔ensure that she is in a safe area, away from the scene. The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: - correct answer ✔✔systolic blood pressure. The onset of menstruation is called menarche and usually occurs in women who are: - correct answer ✔✔between 11 and 16 years of age The effectiveness of positive-pressure ventilations when treating a head-injured patient can ONLY be determined by: - correct answer ✔✔immediate reassessment following the intervention According to the Association of Air Medical Services (AAMS), you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if: - correct answer ✔✔traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome. General guidelines for safe ambulance driving include all of the following, EXCEPT: - correct answer ✔✔regularly using the siren as much as possible. The upper jawbones are called the: - correct answer ✔✔maxillae When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with a chronic lung disease, you should: - correct answer ✔✔adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations. You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should: - correct answer ✔✔repeat the arm drift test, but move the patient's arms into position yourself. Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as: - correct answer ✔✔red areas of skin Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured? - correct answer ✔✔liver Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called: - correct answer ✔✔tendons Which of the following statements regarding communication with a child is MOST correct? - correct answer ✔✔Standing over a child often increases his or her level of anxiety. Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process? - correct answer ✔✔The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling. The bones of the forearm are called the: - correct answer ✔✔radius and ulna. Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n): - correct answer ✔✔laryngeal fracture. You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he: - correct answer ✔✔has a history of eye surgeries. You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: - correct answer ✔✔administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. Which of the following chemicals is a nerve agent? - correct answer ✔✔soman The heart muscle is called the: - correct answer ✔✔myocardium