Download NREMT EXAM PREP (2019-2020) questions with correct answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NREMT EXAM PREP (2019-2020) questions with correct answers Once you have the endotracheal tube in place, and as you perform auscultation, you realize the patients right side has sounds from the lungs but the left does not, or they are minimal. What should be your next move? A) Extract the tube and try intubation again B) Abandon it and initiate respirations C) Ensure the cuff is deflated, then pull the tube three to four centimeters D) Gently pull the tube three to four inches out, ensuring cuff is inflated ans ✓✓ C) Ensure the cuff is deflated, then pull the tube three to four centimeters You reach the site where a woman of advanced age has fallen and injured her ribs, and when you assess, you find she is breathing rapidly and shallowly, the rate being 40, how can you confirm this emergency is life-threatening? A) There is the risk of her volume per minute being excessive B) There is the risk of her volume per minute diminishing C) Her limit for the air referred to as "dead space" has been reached D) You can see her inhaling excessive oxygen ans ✓✓ B) There is the risk of her volume per minute diminishing (In the prevailing state, it is possible the patient is not mobilizing sufficient air to penetrate the tissues) Sellicks maneuver is meant for: A) Reducing vomiting risk B) Making the carina visible C) Making the vallecular visible D) Collapsing the patients trachea ans ✓✓ A) Reducing vomiting risk (Sellicks maneuver decreases the chances of vomiting as intubation continues, and this is accomplished when the esophagus is. directly collapsed. The maneuver also helps in making the patients vocal cords clearly visible.) You have been instructed by medical control to help a patient who has a metered dose inhaler. What must you ensure before you can begin to help the patient? A) The patient is not choking B) The medication is right for the patient C) The inhaler does not have a leak (The head of the patient should be hyperextended to further open the airway while assisting ventillations. You can do this to patients assisting ventilations that have no suspected trauma. This should be don't first, before any of the other answers provided. ) If a 70 year old patient whose complaint is being short of breath has had emphysema in the past, what should you do? A) Avoid giving oxygen so you do not terminate the present hypoxic drive B) Avoid giving oxygen because such patients hardly respond to it C) Provide oxygen since often, hypoxic drive does not have an impact D) Avoid giving oxygen since such patients end up apneic after receiving oxygen at high flow ans ✓✓ C) Provide oxygen since often, hypoxic drive does not have an impact Utilizing a rigid suction catheter when treating infants and young children risks stimulation of the back of the throat, which may: A) Lead to differences in the rhythm of the heart B) Become ineffective during suctioning C) Cause instant vomiting D) Lead to the patients tongue entering the air passage ans ✓✓ A) Lead to differences in the rhythm of the heart (If a rigid catheter is used when suctioning infants or children, you must be cautious and avoid touching the back of the throat because you may stimulate the vagus nerve, thus causing bradycardia.) If your 35 year old trauma patient cannot breathe and you cannot get the airway open using either the jaw thrust or suctioning, what should you do? A) Begin mouth to mask ventilation B) Use the head tilt chin lift maneuver C) Begin ventilating using a bag valve mask D) Create an airway via tracheostomy ans ✓✓ B) Use the head tilt chin lift maneuver (The head tilt chin lift maneuver is normally not given priority when treating trauma patients, because it is known to interfere with alignment of the spine. However, airway opening takes precedence over every other consideration.) Of the options given below about insufficient breathing, which is correct: A) Breathing that is extra fast, or extra slow might be an indication of insufficient breathing B) Insufficient breathing is not as common in young children as it is in more in elderly adults C) Breathing with extra effort is normal and has no association with insufficient breathing D) When a patient breathes extra deeply or extra shallowly, it is a move to compensate for abnormal rate of respirationR ans ✓✓ A) Breathing that is extra fast, or extra slow might be an indication of insufficient breathing The structure that bars food as well as liquids from getting into a persons trachea at the time of swallowing is: A) The larynx B) The cricoid cartilage C) The epiglottis D) The diaphragm ans ✓✓ C) The epiglottis (The epiglottis is the structure shaped like a leaf, which closes off the trachea at the time of swallowing.) What action should you take if you have a patient with epistaxis? A) No treatment is available to cure epistaxis D) Frontal ans ✓✓ B) Occipital Your 33 year old male patient has a big laceration on his abdomen, with his abdominal organs protruding out of opening. What is kind of injury called? A) Evisceration B) Protrusion C) Herniation D) Contusion ans ✓✓ A) Eviceration The most suitable means of handling an amputated extremity is: A) Packing it in ice B) Wrapping it in plastic and placing it on ice C) Wrapping it in sterilized dressing and keeping it cool using ice D) Placing it in a container and filling it with saline solution ans ✓✓ C) Wrapping it in sterilized dressing and keeping it cool using ice (The amputated extremity should be wrapped in a sterile dressing to prevent infection and ice should be used to ensure it remains cool) If, during transportation of a trauma patient, you observe he is becoming worse, what is the best thing to do? A) Stop the ambulance and start CPR B) Ask your colleague to drive the ambulance faster as to reach the hospital as soon as possible C) Reassess the patient D) Call medical control ans ✓✓ C) Reassess the patient When transporting a patient who is unconscious, you should assess vital signs: A) Every 5 minutes B) Every 2-3 minutes C) Every 10 minutes D) Every 15 minutes ans ✓✓ A) Every 5 minutes (For critical patients, reassess every 5 minutes) The mnemonic used to determine consciousness level is: A) SAMPLE B) AVPU C) ABC D) OPQRST ans ✓✓ B) AVPU You have been called because of a male, 16 years of age, has fallen from about 15 feet. You should consider the call: A) Non-traumatic emergency B) An emergency that is traumatic and which of requires the person to be airlifted to the closest level one trauma center C) An injury mechanism that is significant D) An injury mechanism that is not significant ans ✓✓ D) An injury mechanism that is not significant (A person 16 years old is medically considered an adult, and any adult fall below 20 feet is not considered an injury mechanism with significance.) If a child below 8 years old fell a distance of more than ________________, the injury mechanism would certainly be taken to be significant. A) 20 feet B) 15 feet C) 8 feet D) 10 feet ans ✓✓ D) 10 feet D) Behavior that is not hurting anyone ans ✓✓ C) Behavior that is acceptable to society Your patient is a 52 year old woman whom neighbors found behaving oddly. She seems fatigued as well as confused, and her speech is slurred. You note she is able to breathe on her own and you can feel her pulse. Her skin is not only cool but mottled. When you take her vital signs, you note that her pulse is 68 bpm, and respirations 14 per minute. Her blood pressure is 108/60 mmHg while her temperature is 92.7 degrees F. You find no trauma signs. She has prescriptions for some medications in the house, namely Verapamil and digoxin, as well as Synthroid and also nitroglycerin. In the meantime, the apartment she is in has a temperature of 55 degrees F. Considering all those findings, which of the conditions listed below is most probable to have led to this patients health condition? A) Hypothyroidism B) Atrial fibrillation C) Hypertension D) Seizure ans ✓✓ A) Hypothyroidism (Reason: You should have recognized that this is a patient with hypothyroidism because of the presence of Synthroid among her medications. It's a condition where the function of the thyroid is slow and ends up generating only minimal metabolism at the cellular level, thus the reason for the drop in temperature.) A patient who has peptic ulcers is treated with medications like: A) Non-steroidal anti-infammatories B) Aspirin C) Calcium channel blockers D) Antibiotics ans ✓✓ D) Antibiotics (Peptic ulcers include the risk of developing a bacteria called helicobacter pylori. It damages the stomach's mucosal lining that prevents stomach acid from leaking into the rest of the body) A 17 year old teenager suddenly begins to be short of breath, and you assess him and learn he has Marfan's Syndrome. You also observe the sounds from the lungs, on the left of the chest, have diminished and the patient is dyspneic. What, in your view, is most likely the reason the patient is short of breath? A) Congenital Lung disease B) Pulmonary embolism C) Spontaneous pneumothorax D) Pneumonia ans ✓✓ C) Spontaneous pneumothorax (Patients with Marfan's syndrome often develop spontaneous pneumothoraxes. They are also prone to aortic aneurysms) Insulin has a physiological role in enhancing how well the cells utilize glucose. What happens to someone whose insulin level is low? A) Glucose remains within the cells without being functional B) Insulin levels outside the cell are not enough and hence cannot manage to break down available glucose C) Insulin levels within the cell are not enough and hence cannot manage to break down available glucose D) Glucose remains outside the cells, and nothing can break it down ans ✓✓ D) Glucose remains outside the cells, and nothing can break it down The call that has come in requires that you respond to a teenager at a juvenile detention center who, you're told, has just given himself an opiate injection. Which drug below is in the opiate category? A) Ativan B) Heroin C) Librium D) Cocaine ans ✓✓ B) Heroine At a resort on a mountaintop is a patient who complains of suddenly being short of breath and coughing. After assessing the patient, you realize there are basilar crackles in the lungs and the patient is anxious. The patient's vital signs indicate the heart rate is 136 and respirations are 28, while blood pressure is 176/94 mmHg. What diagnosis would you give this particular patient as assessed in the field? A) A case of high altitude pulmonary edema B) Start of congestive heart failure C) Case of pneumonia