NREMT / NREMT PREMIUM TEST BANK EXAMS: 470+ Questions and Answers with Rationales, Exams of Nursing

Download NREMT / NREMT PREMIUM TEST BANK EXAMS: 470+ Questions and Answers with Rationales and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 NREMT /NREMT PREMIUM TEST BANK EXAMS ALL VERSIONS INCLUDED LATEST 2024-2025 EXAM 470+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|GRADED A+ Shaken Baby Syndrome can cause which of the following conditions? (A) Hypoglycemia (B) Abdominal bruising (C) Subdural hematoma (D) Lower extremity fracture - CORRECT ANSWER>>(C) Subdural hematoma Which law protects an EMT if the EMT acts in good faith, is not negligent, acts within the scope of practice, and does not accept payment for service? (A) implied consent laws. (B) Good Samaritan laws. (C) malfeasance laws. (D) absolute immunity laws. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(B) Good Samaritan laws You arrive at a two car accident and the driver of the 1st car is unconscious. Consent for this patient would be? (A) informed. (B) implied. (C) expressed. (D) involuntary. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(B) implied Organ responsible for insulin production. (A) adrenal (B) pancreas (C) thyroid (D) thymus - CORRECT ANSWER>>(B) pancreas Which federal agency regulates telecommunications in the United States? (A) FBI. (B) FDIC. (C) FCC. (D) FACEP. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(C) FCC. 2 What is the rate of chest compressions for a two-year-old in cardiac arrest? (A) 80/minute. (B) 100/minute. (C) 110/minute. (D) 120/minute. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(B) 100/minute. A BVM with a reservoir and oxygen source (at least 15 LPM) delivers an oxygen concentration of (A) 21%. (B) 40% to 60%. (C) 80%. (D) 100%. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(D) 100%. Beck's triad (associated with pericardial tamponade) includes: distant heart tones, JVD, and... (A) pulse deviation. (B) narrowing pulse pressure. (C) wheezing. (D) delayed capillary refill. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(B) narrowing pulse pressure. What happens during inspiration? (A) the diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles relax. (B) the diaphragm relaxes and the intercostal muscles contract. (C) the diaphragm relaxes and the intercostal muscles relax. (D) the diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles contract. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(D) the diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles contract. When caring for a child in respiratory distress, you hear a harsh high-pitched sound with each breath. What do you suspect? (A) stridor. (B) wheezing. (C) crackles. (D) rhonchi. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(A) stridor. Cushing's reflex includes increased blood pressure, bradycardia, and: (A) irregular respirations. (B) irregular pulse. (C) increased respirations. 5 (B) administering nitroglycerin to lower the blood pressure. (C) transport for psychiatric evaluation. (D) keeping the patient calm; transport without lights and siren. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(D) keeping the patient calm; transport without lights and siren. If you suspect preeclampsia, you should take precautions to prevent seizures, which include keeping the patient calm and transporting without lights and sirens. Which of the following statements is true regarding chemical burns? (A) Always use antidotes or neutralizing agents. (B) Acid burns are typically more serious than alkali burns. (C) Both acids and alkalis cause burns by disrupting cell membranes and damaging tissues on contact. (D) Always approach a chemical spill from downwind. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(C) Both acids and alkalis cause burns by disrupting cell membranes and damaging tissues on contact. When assessing an injured eye, you see a collection of blood in front of the pupil and iris. What is it called? (A) Raccoon's eye (B) Retinal detachment (C) Hyphema (D) Corneal laceration - CORRECT ANSWER>>(C) Hyphema How would you transport a 22 year old man who was hit in the head with a baseball and had a period of unconsciousness lasting 7 seconds? (A) Recovery position (B) Sitting up at a 90 degree angle (C) Trendelenburg (D) Immobilized on a backboard - CORRECT ANSWER>>(D) Immobilized on a backboard All of the following can affect the accuracy of a pulse oximeter EXCEPT: (A) hypoperfusion. (B) anemia. (C) carbon monoxide poisoning. (D) hyperthermia. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(D) hyperthermia. Which of the following can help determine possible injuries that may be sustained in an MVC? (A) Length of skid marks (B) Debris at the scene 6 (C) Patient symptoms (D) Mechanism of injury - CORRECT ANSWER>>(D) Mechanism of injury An elderly man is found outside. He is unconscious, unresponsive, apneic, and pulse less. His skin is cold to touch, his muscles are rigid, and his core body temperature is 89.6°F. What is the initial treatment? (A) CPR. (B) Turn the heat up in the ambulance (C) starting passive rewarming. (D) placing in a Trendelenburg position. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(A) CPR. CPR is indicated even if signs of death are present. A hypothermic patient cannot be presumed dead until they are warm and dead. Remember hypothermia can cause Ventricular Fibrillation so rewarming needs to be done in a controlled setting. Injury to which abdominal organ is most likely to cause death in the pediatric patient? (A) Pancreas (B) Liver (C) Spleen (D) Kidney - CORRECT ANSWER>>(B) Liver The liver is a solid, vascular organ in the RUQ. Rupture or laceration of the liver can cause severe hemorrhage. Injury to the liver is the most common abdominal injury that leads to death in the pediatric patient. Which blood component transports oxygen? (A) plasma. (B) platelets. (C) leukocytes. (D) erythrocytes. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(D) erythrocytes. Also known as RBC's. Leukocytes are white blood cells and play a role in fighting infection. Platelets play a role in clotting. Plasma is the liquid that carries the cells throughout the body. Your assessment must be thorough when dealing with an intoxicated patient because: (A) alcohol increases pain tolerance. (B) alcohol decreases the patient's judgment. (C) alcohol is a CNS stimulant. (D) alcohol can mask signs and symptoms of injury. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(D) alcohol can mask signs and symptoms of injury. 7 Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant and, therefore, can mask signs and symptoms of injury. What would you suspect in a 22yo female complaining of severe, stabbing, unilateral pain in the lower abdomen. Vital signs are BP 88/64, HR 128, RR 22. Her skin is cool and she missed her menstrual cycle. (A) a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. (B) endometriosis. (C) pelvic inflammatory disease. (D) amenorrhea. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(A) a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. The classic triad of symptom includes abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and amenorrhea. Other symptoms include referred pain to the shoulder, nausea, vomiting, or syncope. Signs of shock may be present if the ectopic ruptures. An indicator of severe abdominal trauma after an MVC may include: (A) absent bowel sounds. (B) back pain. (C) referred pain to the clavicle. (D) unexplained shock. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(D) unexplained shock. When assessment of a trauma patient does not reveal significant injury, the presence of unexplained shock should lead you to suspect serious abdominal/thorax trauma. You arrive on scene to find a 7 y/o boy who is lethargic, cyanotic and has labored breathing. His RR is 50bpm with diminished breath sounds and crackles over the right lung. His temp is 104°F. What do you suspect? (G) cardiogenic shock. (H) a drug overdose. (C) respiratory distress. (D) respiratory failure, probably d/t pneumonia. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(D) Respiratory failure, most probably due to pneumonia. This is based on tachypnea, increased work of breathing, diminished breath sounds, and elevated temperature. The nasopharyngeal airway should be measured..... (A) from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe. (B) from the tip of the nose to the earlobe. 10 (D) femoral vein. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(B) pulmonary vein Veins carry blood from the body back to the heart. The pulmonary vein carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart. Where should you place your hands on the chest of an adult victim when you are performing chest compressions? (A) On the top of the sternum (B) On the lower one-third of the sternum (C) On the lower half of the sternum, at the nipple line (D) Over the very bottom of the sternum - CORRECT ANSWER>>(C) On the lower half of the sternum, at the nipple line During your assessment, you find crepitus and instability to the right rib cage. Lung sounds are equal but there is paradoxical chest movement. You suspect: (A) a tension pneumothorax. (B) a massive hemothorax. (C) a flail chest. (D) an abdominal aneurysm. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(C) a flail chest Flail chest is defined as three or more adjacent ribs that are fractured in two or more places. This segment of the chest is free to move with the pressure changes of respirations. A high-pitched noise associated with upper airway constriction is known as (A) wheezes. (B) rhonchi. (C) stridor. (D) rales. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(C) Stridor Stridor is defined as a high-pitched sound associated caused by obstruction in the trachea or larynx. Which statement correctly relates to pediatric seizures? (A) Febrile seizures typically occur on the 1st day of a febrile illness and have tonic-clonic activity. (B) Always suspect a fever to be the cause of a seizure if the temperature is more than 101°F. (C) Infants and children between the ages of 4 months and 8 years commonly suffer from febrile seizures. 11 (D) Febrile seizures do not require transport if the patient can be cooled. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(A) Febrile seizures typically occur on the 1st day of a febrile illness and have tonic- clonic activity. A patient was burned and has blisters to the chest, abdomen, entire right arm, and front of the right leg. According to the rule of nines, what is the percent of burns? (A) 40.5% (B) 36% (C) 45% (D) 31.5% - CORRECT ANSWER>>(B) 36% (chest = 9%, abdomen = 9%, entire arm 9%, front of the leg = 9%) When using the rule of nines for calculating burns, which of the following is a correct modification for a child? (A) The front of each arm for a child is 7% compared to 9% for an adult. (B) The front of each leg for a child is 4% compared to 9% on an adult. (C) The head of a child is 18% compared to 9% on an adult. (D) The entire leg of a child is 9% compared to 18% on an adult. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(C) The head of a child is 18% compared to 9% on an adult. You arrive to find a 6 year old child who is in the tripod position and drooling. The child has a fever and difficulty swallowing. What do you suspect? (A) bronchiolitis. (B) croup. (C) epiglottitis. (D) meningitis. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(C) Epiglottitis Epiglottitis is a bacterial infection causing the acute swelling of the epiglottis and the soft tissues above the glottic opening. Clinical findings include fever, pain on swallowing, typically sitting in tripod position, and drooling. Which of the following is NOT indicative of a tension pneumothorax? (A) Dyspnea (B) Hyperresonance to percussion (C) Distended jugular veins (D) Clear lung sounds - CORRECT ANSWER>>(D) Clear lung sounds. Stimulation of the vagus nerve may result in: (A) vasodilation. 12 (B) an increase in heart rate. (C) a decrease in heart rate. (D) an increase in cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER>>(C) a decrease in heart rate. You are caring for a female who is 36 weeks pregnant and involved in a car accident. After you fully immobilize her on a long spine board, you would: (A) carefully tilt the board to the left side 10-15 degrees. (B) carefully tilt the board to the right side 10-15 degrees. (C) manually displace the uterus to the right. (D) allow the patient to roll onto her side. - CORRECT ANSWER>>(A) carefully tilt the board to the left side 10-15 degrees...To prevent supine hypotension syndrome. Tilting the board will allow the uterus to displace to the left and prevent compression of the inferior vena cava. A nasal cannula can deliver ____% of oxygen at a flow rate of 6 LPM in optimal conditions. (A) 30% (B) 40% (C) 50% (D) 65% - CORRECT ANSWER>>(B) 40% of oxygen. Which of the following is treatment for a flail chest injury? (A) Position of comfort with O2 per NRB mask (B) Positive pressure ventilation (C) Stabilization of the flail segment with a sandbag (D) Applying tape to the uninjured side - CORRECT ANSWER>>(B) Positive pressure ventilation Your patient injured his left arm in a motorcycle accident. When assessing the injured extremity, which of the following is most important? (A) Check for compartment syndrome. (B) Check deep tendon reflexes. (C) Do a thorough neurovascular exam. (D) Check for position sense - CORRECT ANSWER>>(C) Do a thorough neurovascular exam. It is important to check for pulses, motor, and sensory functions distal to any injury in an extremity. Assessment and documentation of the neurovascular status are required before and after splinting. Which of the following indicate that a pediatric patient is progressing from respiratory distress to respiratory failure? (A) Nasal flaring 15 stridor on inspiration - CORRECT ANSWER>>=upper airway obstruction it is a high pitched wheezing sound stridor on exhalation - CORRECT ANSWER>>=lower airway obstruction epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER>>increase BP, increase Pulse, vasoconstrictor, bronchodilator, airway relaxes contraindications for naso airway - CORRECT ANSWER>>severe head injury with blood coming from nose or nasal fracture epinephrine treats - CORRECT ANSWER>>severe allergic reactions OR cardiac arrest obvious signs of death - CORRECT ANSWER>>rigor mortis, dependent lividity, unsurvivable injury, decomposition of the body positional asphyxia - CORRECT ANSWER>>improper restraint can restrict airflow during transportation respiratory alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWER>>breathing too fast blows out too much CO2 lower--> upper airway - CORRECT ANSWER>>bronchi--> carina--> crico-thyroid membrane--> epiglottis--> nasopharynx--> mouth positive pressure ventilation is used - CORRECT ANSWER>>when cyanotic child's respiratory effort - CORRECT ANSWER>>note increased work of breathing: -accessory muscle use -tachypnea -head bobbing -nasal flaring pulmonary artery - CORRECT ANSWER>>only artery carrying unoxygenated blood (to the lungs) false SpO2 readings from - CORRECT ANSWER>>nail polish, movement, hypothermia, jaundice, vasoconstrictive drugs, poisoning Fowler's position - CORRECT ANSWER>>45-60 degrees elevation -used for dizziness, vomiting, or breathing difficulty finding in anaphylaxis - CORRECT ANSWER>>severe respiratory distress and wheezing to diminished breath sounds -bronchoconstriction and angioedema (chest swelling) 16 stridor in a responsive patient - CORRECT ANSWER>>from swelling, trauma, or foreign body narrowing artery nasopharyngeal airway - CORRECT ANSWER>>placed in larger nostril with curvature of device facing nose floor golden hour - CORRECT ANSWER>>time from injury to time of surgery positive pressure ventilation may cause - CORRECT ANSWER>>hypotension, gastric distention, barotrauma pulmonary capillary beds - CORRECT ANSWER>>blood vessels that begin as capillary surrounding alveoli and with adequate blood volume and blood pressure, vessels returns oxygenated blood to the heart allergic reactions - CORRECT ANSWER>>sneezing, tightness in chest, cough, rapid and labored breathing, wheezing stridor how to treat hypothermia - CORRECT ANSWER>>body temperature raised with protected heat packs to core body areas (axillae and groin) NOT extremities -warm drinks may be given IF patient doesn't have an altered LOC ventilating an adult apneic requires what volume of air during each ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER>>enough to give adequate chest rise signs and symptoms of rattlesnake bites - CORRECT ANSWER>>pain at site, progressive, weakness, nausea and vomiting, seizures, vision problems and changes in LOC male reproductive system - CORRECT ANSWER>>reproduction, urination and production of hormones -testes and penis fractures of lower leg bones - CORRECT ANSWER>>possible vessel damage direct pressure on an external bleed may include - CORRECT ANSWER>>application of even pressure including areas just distal and proximal to the injury --> usually effective in capillary and minor venous bleeding minor burns - CORRECT ANSWER>>unless it is a hand, foot, face or genitals, anything less than 10% and partial thickness full circumference of one arm (9% BSA) - CORRECT ANSWER>>would be considered critical due to compartment syndrome potential 17 meningitis symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER>>headache, nucal rigidity, change in LOC, fever brain injury - CORRECT ANSWER>>Decreased mentation; irregular breathing pattern; widening pulse pressure; slow heart rate; ecchymosis about eyes or behind the ear over the mastoid process; clear or pink CSF leakage from scalp wound, nose, or the ear; failure of the pupils to respond to light; unequal pupil size; loss of sensation and/or motor function; a period of unconsciousness; amnesia; seizures; numbness or tingling in the extremities; irregular respirations, dizziness; visual complaints; combative or other abnormal behavior; nausea or vomiting. meninges - CORRECT ANSWER>>lining of the brain that are part of the CNS Unique management considerations for pediatric patients involved in trauma include - CORRECT ANSWER>>manage hypovolemia and shock same as adults, shaken baby syndrome may cause brain trauma, prevent hypothermia in shock, transport to appropriate facility, pad beneath child from shoulders to hips during cervical immobilization to prevent flexion of neck, ventilate bradycardic pediatric patient structures of the lungs - CORRECT ANSWER>>bronchioles, alveoli and pulmonary capillary beds standard of care - CORRECT ANSWER>>requires you to act and behave a certain way toward individuals endocrine system contains - CORRECT ANSWER>>pituitary, adrenal, parathyroid and thyroid glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries -each produces hormones tonic phase of tonic clonic seizure - CORRECT ANSWER>>when the patient's muscles become rigid or tense down CPR - CORRECT ANSWER>>want to deliver 100-120 compressions/minute CPR and defibrillation - CORRECT ANSWER>>after initiation of the first shock, 5 cycles or two minutes of CPR should be done with chest compressions 2 person CPR on a child - CORRECT ANSWER>>15:2 ratio with one breath every 3-5 seconds depth of compressions= 2 inches/1/3 diameter of the chest CPR breaths per minute for adult= 5-6 - CORRECT ANSWER>>CPR bpm for children= 13 CPR adults 10-12 breaths/min (one breath every 5-6 seconds) - CORRECT ANSWER>>CPR children 12-20 breaths/minute (one every 3-5 minutes) 20 failure of the left ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER>>difficulty breathing and chest pain, rales when auscultating lungs because of pump area's inability to pump effectively rales! - CORRECT ANSWER>>pump portion incapability and fluid back up in the lungs Sellick's maneuver - CORRECT ANSWER>>identify the cricoid cartilage, apply firm backward pressure to cricoid cartilage with thumb and index finger when a body temperature drops below 90 degrees - CORRECT ANSWER>>they will stop shivering, which is a sign of severe hypothermia blood pressure is calculated in - CORRECT ANSWER>>millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER>>blood moving through the tissues 37th week of pregnancy transportation - CORRECT ANSWER>>left lateral recumbent- relieves potential pressure on the inferior vena cava uterus and fetus could press against it causing hypotension bradycardia - CORRECT ANSWER>>children- below 80 bpm infants- below 100 bpm hypoperfusion - CORRECT ANSWER>>extreme thirst and restlessness, pale, cool, clammy, altered mental status, rapid and shallow respirations and increased heart rate causes of hypovolemic - CORRECT ANSWER>>cut to the hand that is uncontrolled, dehydration on a hot day, slow GI bleed hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWER>>type of shock that results from excessive vomiting, urination and diarrhea, injuries or severe thermal burns hypoglycemic event - CORRECT ANSWER>>person has too much insulin and not enough glucose will cause sugar levels to drop and person will go into insulin shock trigger that respirations and/or perfusion is inadequate - CORRECT ANSWER>>is an increase in CO2 in cerebral spinal fluid trigger that respirations and/or perfusion is inadequate in COPD patient - CORRECT ANSWER>>is increased O2 COPD signs - CORRECT ANSWER>>oxygen tank, tripod position, use of accessory muscles to breathe intracranial hemotomas - CORRECT ANSWER>>epidural- between dura mater and skull 21 subdural- between brain and dura mater subarachnoid- beneath arachnoid membrane and the brain nitroglycerine action - CORRECT ANSWER>>smooth muscle relaxation, reduces cardiac workload, dilates coronary arteries, and dilates systemic arteries management of respiratory distress in burns - CORRECT ANSWER>>Administer high concentration oxygen, assist ventilation, and position with head elevated if spine injury not suspected external respiration - CORRECT ANSWER>>the exchange of respiratory gases between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillary beds basic causes of shock - CORRECT ANSWER>>poor pump function, blood/fluid loss, and vessel dilation pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER>>absence of breath sounds on one side and pain when coughing--> can originate from weakened lung tissues happens when air becomes trapped between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura infarcted cells - CORRECT ANSWER>>cells that die during a stroke lower portion ICP - CORRECT ANSWER>>pupil blown - same side as injury, ataxic respirations, flaccid response to painful stimuli, pulse rate changes, diminished blood pressure Cheyne Stokes respirations - CORRECT ANSWER>>occur in patients who have congestive heart failure, central sleep apnea or neurological diseases anaphylaxis - CORRECT ANSWER>>bronchoconstriction and vasodilation pulmonary edema - CORRECT ANSWER>>fluid accumulating in the lungs, making the transfer of oxygen more difficult cardiac arrest in children is most likely the result of - CORRECT ANSWER>>respiratory arrest abruptio - CORRECT ANSWER>>premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus causing bleeding ectopic pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER>>occurs early when the egg attaches in another place that's not in the uterus (usually in the fallopian tube symptoms of ectopic pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER>>sharp or stabbing pain, vaginal bleeding, GI symptoms, weakness/dizziness 22 aspirin's action - CORRECT ANSWER>>reduction of inflammation, fever reduction (antipyretic), analgesic (pain reliever) and prevention of clotting (antiplatelet) itis - CORRECT ANSWER>>inflammation pericardial tamponade - CORRECT ANSWER>>severe chest pain, hypotensive (89/30), weak pulse, muffled heart tones, jugular vein distention heart is impeded by fluid in the pericardium hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWER>>low partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood (blood doesn't contain enough oxygen to properly perfuse the tissues -any reading below 96% in adults with no history of smoking hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER>>low O2 saturation types of splints - CORRECT ANSWER>>rigid, formable, traction, air, vacuum, pillow/blanket, short spine, long spine PAT - CORRECT ANSWER>>circulation, appearance, work of breathing first stage of labor - CORRECT ANSWER>>the cervix dilates and thins- ends when cervix is fully dilated second stage of labor - CORRECT ANSWER>>the baby enters the birth canal until it is fully delivered 3rd stage of labor - CORRECT ANSWER>>delivery of the placenta and umbilicus who is likely to be very thirsty - CORRECT ANSWER>>hyperglycemia- dehydration is a part of DKA from polyuria and losing a lot of fluids hyperglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER>>Increased thirst Headaches Trouble concentrating Blurred vision Frequent peeing Fatigue (weak, tired feeling encephal- - CORRECT ANSWER>>brain Levine's sign - CORRECT ANSWER>>is a signal that a person may be having a heart attack -it is a clutching of a closed fist to the sternum hemiparesis - CORRECT ANSWER>>weakness on one side of the body 25 hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER>>Onset - rapid changes in mental status; bizarre behavior, tremors, shaking; sweating, hunger; rapid full pulse, rapid shallow respirations; seizures, coma late; and medical alert identification black widow bites - CORRECT ANSWER>>ice pack to area of bite, clean are with soap and water and transport immediately -neurotoxin venom pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER>>can cause septic shock with a fairly rapid onset severe inflammation of the lungs by virus and bacteria residual pressure for a portable oxygen cylinder is - CORRECT ANSWER>>200psi Kussmaul's respirations - CORRECT ANSWER>>deep rapid respiration associated with metabolic acidosis associated with DKA (or renal failure) anaphylactic shock - CORRECT ANSWER>>dilation of peripheral blood vessels, increased vessel permeability, drop in blood pressure, weak barely palpable pulse, dizziness, fainting, and coma heart valves - CORRECT ANSWER>>Blood enters the heart through the right atrium, moves into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve where it is pumped through the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary artery and into the lungs. From the lungs, it returns into the heart via the left atrium, then into the left ventricle via the bicuspid valve. It is then pumped out of the heart through the aorta palpatation - CORRECT ANSWER>>occurs when deflating the cuff while feeling the radial pulse and waiting for the first "pulse" to occur improperly inserting an OPA - CORRECT ANSWER>>would be below the normal standard of care legal negligence - CORRECT ANSWER>>substandard care must be accompanied by a duty to act, actual damages to the patient, AND the damages must be proven to have been directly caused by the EMT assault - CORRECT ANSWER>>creating fear of injury in a person battery - CORRECT ANSWER>>involve the actual physical touching of the patient against the patient's wishes as was the case here mal=performing an act that is illegal and/or wrong - CORRECT ANSWER>>mis= performing a legal act that harms the patient non= - CORRECT ANSWER>>not performing an act that should have been performed 26 unified command system - CORRECT ANSWER>>can involve many different agencies such as EMS, fire department, law enforcement, city manages, and county commissioners medical branch of the ICS - CORRECT ANSWER>>responsible for triage, treatment, and transportation danger zone set up - CORRECT ANSWER>>50 feet in all directions uphill and up wind wet lung sounds transportation position - CORRECT ANSWER>>semi Fowler's- keeping head and chest elevated and prevention of pooling of fluids in the lungs most common route of exposure for hazardous material incidents - CORRECT ANSWER>>inhalation nasal canula - CORRECT ANSWER>>can be attached to a bag of normal saline and placed across the bridge of the nose to effectively flush any particulates away from both eyes at the same time standing orders - CORRECT ANSWER>>interventions that should be completed in the field before calling medical direction for guidance assessment of orthopaedic trauma - CORRECT ANSWER>>Scene safety, standard precautions, mechanism of injury (MOI), determine life threat, six P's of assessment (pain, pressure, paralysis, paresthesia, pallor, and pulselessness), physical exam, bleeding, guarding/self- splinting, and associated injuries sebaceous glands are found in which layer of tissue - CORRECT ANSWER>>dermis capillary bleeding - CORRECT ANSWER>>is easy to control and will clot spontaneously burn zones - CORRECT ANSWER>>Zone of coagulation is the central part of the burn, zone of stasis has partial viable tissue out from that, and then there is the zone of hyperemia which is the part that will most likely recover from the injury traction splint indication - CORRECT ANSWER>>a pale cool foot on the injured limb AVPU scale evaluates what stimulus it takes to get a reaction - CORRECT ANSWER>>GCS scale evaluates what response is given for each different stimulus silver fork deformity - CORRECT ANSWER>>fracture in the distal radius 27 functions of the Musculoskeletal System - CORRECT ANSWER>>Support, mineral and lipid storage, blood cell production, movement, organ protection If you believe that this woman is not behaving rationally, and has an LOC as a result of the injury, she needs to be transported - CORRECT ANSWER>>You should call medical control and get police assistance in getting the patient to definitive care strain - CORRECT ANSWER>>stretching or tearing of a muscle sprain - CORRECT ANSWER>>involves ligaments preeclampsia - CORRECT ANSWER>>hypertension and fluid retention eclampsia - CORRECT ANSWER>>preeclampsia followed by seizures bradycardia for a child is <70 - CORRECT ANSWER>>bradycardia for an adult is <60 CAB for cardiac arrest - CORRECT ANSWER>>(pulse)chest compressions, airway, breathing arterioles connect to the - CORRECT ANSWER>>capillaries and then to venuoles shock - CORRECT ANSWER>>hemorrhagic- results from blood loss cardiogenic- pump failure psychogenic- disturbing experience/fright initial two breaths of CPR - CORRECT ANSWER>>are to be one second each ecchymosis - CORRECT ANSWER>>discoloration of skin due to blood leaching out from capillaries Abdominal aortic aneurysm - CORRECT ANSWER>>deadly and characterized by a pulsing mass in the abdomen thyroid cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER>>protrusion superior to the cricoid cartilage on the neck incidence of seizure is high - CORRECT ANSWER>>as many as 30% of calls involve this platelets are main factor in forming blood clots - CORRECT ANSWER>>low platelet count--> excessive bleeding high platelet count--> thrombosis cyanosis - CORRECT ANSWER>>associated with hypoxia and hypovolemic states, not diabetes 30 structures that support respiration - CORRECT ANSWER>>chest cage, ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, pleura, and phrenic nerve asthma types - CORRECT ANSWER>>Extrinsic asthma, which is more common in childhood, causes brochioles constriction as a result of an outside substance like dust. Intrinsic asthma is more common in adults where no specific cause for the bronchioles constriction can be identified long term effects of alcoholism - CORRECT ANSWER>>liver damage, hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, erosive gastritis, increased risk of breast and colorectal cancer, atrophy of the cerebrum, impotence, and sterilit Which is the appropriate method of checking the level of responsiveness in an infant of 11 months who appears to be unconscious - CORRECT ANSWER>>flicking soles of the feet digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER>>esophagus, stomach, liver, intestines, pancreas bottom of the upper quadrants begin at the - CORRECT ANSWER>>umbilicus working diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER>>the ongoing diagnosis of what is perceived to be affecting the patient child with a pulse rate less than 60 - CORRECT ANSWER>>should have chest compressions abnormal work of breathing - CORRECT ANSWER>>retractions, nasal flare, abdominal breathing, and diaphoresis a child with blood pressure lower than 70 is - CORRECT ANSWER>>critical and should be considered priority hyperventilation lowers the level of carbon dioxide in the body - CORRECT ANSWER>>resulting in respiratory alkalosis arteries turn to arterioles - CORRECT ANSWER>>and then to capillaries and then to venuoles placenta abruptio - CORRECT ANSWER>>when the placenta prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus placenta previa - CORRECT ANSWER>>when the placenta is blocking the cervix and presenting before the baby changes in pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER>>lower blood pressure, increase in plasma volume, increase in blood volume and increase in heart rate 31 complications of burn injuries - CORRECT ANSWER>>infection, shock, hypoxia, airway obstruction, hypothermia, or hypovolemia chest compressions on a newborn not breathing adequately - CORRECT ANSWER>>1.5 inch depth with both thumbs hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER>>blood that has collected within injured tissue or in a body cavity. -will present with swelling and pain upon the injury site which would not be included in assessment findings for sprains - CORRECT ANSWER>>severe muscle weakness EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act) - CORRECT ANSWER>>is meant to prevent the transfer of unstable patients between care facilities solely for economic purpose symptoms of a TIA will usually last less than about 5 minutes - CORRECT ANSWER>>but can persist for up to 24 hours most important treatment for a patient with an irritant gas exposure is - CORRECT ANSWER>>ventilation peri- - CORRECT ANSWER>>around cerebral edema - CORRECT ANSWER>>fluid accumulation around the brain or swelling of the brain burn injuries - CORRECT ANSWER>>mortality rates from burns is dependent upon socioeconomic status, gender and age vomiting is not common which - CORRECT ANSWER>>drain cleaner, gasoline, turpentine, etc. spontaneous pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER>>is often caused by a ruptured bleb or air sac on the lung and is a sudden onset breathing difficulties more common in men -absence of breath sounds and pain when coughing tension pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER>>tracheal deviation or JVD will occur chest compressions on a newborn - CORRECT ANSWER>>1.5 inches signs of heat-related illness include - CORRECT ANSWER>>muscle cramps; change in level of consciousness, dizziness; weakness; weak, rapid pulse, nausea and vomiting 32 automatic ventilators should not be used under the age of - CORRECT ANSWER>>8 Primary blast injuries result from a change in environmental pressure as the energy from the explosion is released - CORRECT ANSWER>>Secondary injuries result from pieces of flying material and debris diabetic coma (DKA) comes on over a period of hours/days - CORRECT ANSWER>>hypoglycemic/insulin shock happens in minutes (rapid onset) hair follicles are found in the - CORRECT ANSWER>>dermis hypothermia - CORRECT ANSWER>>decreased LOC, impaired motor function, shivering, and slow pulse/breathing blood pressure can be defined as the pressure of blood against - CORRECT ANSWER>>the vessel walls issues that can impact the Fundamental Elements of Life Support Chain - CORRECT ANSWER>>composition of ambient air, transport of gases head wound or stroke - CORRECT ANSWER>>Biot's breathing- breathing very fast , but not very deep with periods of apnea most babies start out facing down - CORRECT ANSWER>>and then turn to the side vocal cords - CORRECT ANSWER>>protect the lower airway enteral routes of administration - CORRECT ANSWER>>oral (PO), orogastric (OG), nasogastric (NG), sublingual (SL), buccal, and rectal Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - CORRECT ANSWER>>generalized lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, increased pain with intercourse, fever, general malaise, nausea, and vomiting hematemesis - CORRECT ANSWER>>been vomiting blood chronic kidney failure is caused by - CORRECT ANSWER>>diabetes or hypertension bradycardia in children - CORRECT ANSWER>>under 80 bpm bradycardia in infants - CORRECT ANSWER>>under 100 bpm infant/child with pulse <60 bpm - CORRECT ANSWER>>CPR initiated 35 normal anatomical shape, and more volume is required to have the same effect as normal breathing in children a burn is considered critical when - CORRECT ANSWER>>it involves a hand, head, face, genitals or foot structure of an ICS - CORRECT ANSWER>>can be broken down into multiple sectors but only one incident commander smallest part of pediatric airway is the cricoid - CORRECT ANSWER>>smallest part of adult airway is at the vocal cords unintentional drownings in children younger than 14 - CORRECT ANSWER>>more than 25% chronic kidney failure - CORRECT ANSWER>>diabetes or hypertension GI bleeds can come from - CORRECT ANSWER>>blood thinning medications that irritate the intestinal lining or stomach that may or may not have symptoms of pain polyphagia - CORRECT ANSWER>>excessive hunger experienced in diabetes when a person breathes in - CORRECT ANSWER>>diaphragm moves down, creating a negative pressure breathing with pursed lips - CORRECT ANSWER>>is a sign of COPD, trying to keep alveoli open with back pressure Dispatch has reported a near drowning incident at a lake. It is a hot summer day and the family was out boating on the lake when the boat sank. Everyone in the family was rescued after about 30 minutes. The only patient is a 4-year-old boy. He was pulled from the water with a weak pulse, and he was not shivering like the rest of the family. His mother says that he is normally very talkative, but he has not spoken since the boat sank. What is the likely cause of this child's condition? What are your treatment priorities - CORRECT ANSWER>>Because the child has been in lake water for 30 minutes and is not shivering, he is most likely suffering from hypothermia. Treatment interventions would begin with oxygen and warming. narrowing pulse pressure can be indicative of - CORRECT ANSWER>>cardiac tamponade- pericardium filling with fluid (can be from blunt trauma) pleuritic chest pain - CORRECT ANSWER>>pain that worsens upon movement or inspiration acute kidney failure - CORRECT ANSWER>>sudden decrease in function caused by sepsis, acute blood loss, or cases of drug overdose 36 chronic kidney failure - CORRECT ANSWER>>progressive decrease in function caused by diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension, or long term/overdose of Tylenol or Ibuprofen functions of respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER>>ventilation, respiration, alveolar/capillary gas exchange, and buffer amniotic sac usually breaks in the - CORRECT ANSWER>>1st stage of labor layngeal injuries - CORRECT ANSWER>>Neck bruising, hematoma or bleeding, cyanotic, pale skin, sputum in wound, and subcutaneous air basic shock therapy - CORRECT ANSWER>>maintain normal body temperature and splint musculoskeletal injuries respiratory findings for anaphylaxis include - CORRECT ANSWER>>severe respiratory distress and wheezing to diminished lung sounds a stroke or TIA is caused by - CORRECT ANSWER>>hemorrhage (aneuyism) or ischmeia (clot) breech - CORRECT ANSWER>>when bottom side prevents first systole - CORRECT ANSWER>>ventricles contract causing pressure in the arteries to rise diastole - CORRECT ANSWER>>ventricles fill with blood and pressure in the arteries is lower nitro dosage - CORRECT ANSWER>>on tablet repeated two more times then ALS rales or crackles - CORRECT ANSWER>>determine the alveoli are collapsing when the patient exhales ischemic stroke is caused by - CORRECT ANSWER>>blood flow cut off to part of the brain critical children burns - CORRECT ANSWER>>head, face, hands, feet, or genitals; or if a significant portion of the body is burned ICS - CORRECT ANSWER>>can contain multiple sectors, but only one incident commander you arrive on scene with your partner James to find a woman who has been stabbed in the spinal column. Shock, as the result of a spinal cord injury, is likely caused by.. - CORRECT ANSWER>>neurogenic shock- An inability of the nervous system to control the diameter of the vessels final glue that holds a clot together - CORRECT ANSWER>>fibrin 37 bradycardia in respiratory arrest is anything under 80 for a child - CORRECT ANSWER>>and anything under 100 for an infant and is life threatening aspirin contraindication - CORRECT ANSWER>>active ulcer disease, asthma, TIA, pediatrics aspirin action - CORRECT ANSWER>>reduction of inflammation, antipyretic, analgesic (pain relief), antiplatelet ability compartment syndrome can occur - CORRECT ANSWER>>in crush injures, fractures- increase in pressure in muscle compartment thus causing nerve damage and decreased blood flow blood pressure is pressure of blood against - CORRECT ANSWER>>the vessel walls during anaphylaxis - CORRECT ANSWER>>vessels of the circulatory system dilate while passages of the airway swell--> hypotension more than 25% of unintentional drownings involve - CORRECT ANSWER>>children younger than 14 years old status epilepticus - CORRECT ANSWER>>A seizure that happens every few minutes, or lasts longer than 5 minutes diabetes mostly deteriorates the - CORRECT ANSWER>>kidney, eyes and peripheral nerves patients taking nebivolol - CORRECT ANSWER>>may require more epinephrine a person having breathing difficulty may show - CORRECT ANSWER>>straining facial muscles, cyanosis, strained intercostal and abdominal muscles, flaring nostrils, pursed lips, respiratory noise, and altered mental status exhalation - CORRECT ANSWER>>The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax Intrathoracic pressure increases The passive part of breathing snoring can be eliminated by - CORRECT ANSWER>>inserting a naso airway - from the tongue hitting the pharynx overdose - CORRECT ANSWER>>when a person takes a toxic dose of a drug preoxygenating and hyperventilating with BVm a patient prior to intubation should be done - CORRECT ANSWER>>at a rate of 12-20 breaths/minute for 1-2 minutes with high flow O2 gnath- - CORRECT ANSWER>>jaw