NREMT Paramedic Final Exam1 Questions with Complete Solutions 100% Success, Exams of Nursing

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NREMT Paramedic Final Exam1 Questions with Complete

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what is HHNK? - Correct AnswersHyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Non-ketosis coma, complication of DM Type 2. S&S of DKA but no fruity breath or kussmauls breathing. what are the two types of immunity? - Correct Answersnatural and acquired what type of reaction is an allergic reaction? what type of protein is the antibody? high pt

• Correct Answersantigen-antibody reaction. IgE immunoglobulins When histamine is released, what is the affect on the body? - Correct Answersvasodilator, increases capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction what are S&S of anaphylactic reaction? - Correct Answerswheezing, stridor, urticaria, itching, angioedema, laryngeal edema, increase HR, decrease BP What is angioedema? - Correct Answersswelling of the tongue, lips, and eyes treatment for allergic reaction? - Correct Answersairway, o2, bronchodilator(albuterol), antihistamines(Benadryl), epi 1:1 IM, IV fluids, vasopressors, corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate why do patients go into anaphylactic shock? - Correct Answersdue to 3 rd space fluid loss and vasodilation Most common cause of anaphylactic shock - Correct Answerspenicillin injection and Hymenoptera stings(like a bee) what is an anaphylactoid reaction? - Correct Answerssame clinical effects as anaphylaxis but NOT IgE mediated... more common in Pts taking beta blockers or NSAIDS, exercise

Collagen disease... name two types? - Correct Answerssystemic lupus and scleroderma what is systemic lupus? - Correct Answersan inflammation disease where the body attacks its own tissue. What is scleroderma? - Correct AnswersChronic hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues. name three problems related to transplants? - Correct Answersinfection, rejection, and drug toxicity 5 causes of infectious disease - Correct Answersbacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths(worms) best way to prevent the spread of disease? - Correct Answershand washing what is the main cause of HIV/AIDS? - Correct Answersunprotected sex Kaposi's sarcoma - Correct AnswersForm of skin cancer frequently seen in AIDS patients. cancer that forms blue/red/purple lesions in blood and lymph vessels. Pneumocystitis carinii - Correct Answerslife-threatening sun infection. most AIDS patients develop PCP pneumonia - Correct AnswersAn inflammation of lung tissue, wherer the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid Tuberculosis - Correct Answersdisease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air what is hepitis - Correct Answersinfection of the liver

S/S of Hepatitis - Correct Answersslow onset, fever, RUQ pain, nausea and vomiting, decrease in appetite, jaundice, dark-colored urine, light - colored stools, ascites how do you get hepatitis A? - Correct Answersfecal-oral contamination, not blood borne or travel how do you get hepatitis B and C? - Correct Answersblood borne S&S of tuberculosis - Correct Answersfever, night sweats, loss of energy/appetite, weight loss, chills, cough, hemoptysis what PPE if Patient has TB? - Correct AnswersHEPA or N95 mask chickenpox - Correct AnswersA highly contagious viral infection causing an itchy, blister- like rash on the skin. Mumps virus - Correct Answersviral infection that affects salivary gland Measles virus - Correct Answershigh contagious viral infection that causes red rash Rubella virus - Correct AnswersGerman measles. when rash appears, lasts about 3 days Pertussis (whooping cough) - Correct AnswersAn airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a "whoop" sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection. Influenza virus - Correct Answersflu; highly contagious viral infection mononucleosis - Correct Answersinfectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes herpes simplex I - Correct AnswersRecurring viral infection that often presents as a fever blister or cold sore.

most common STDs - Correct Answers#1 chlamydia #2 gonorrhea what is a common way to get chlamydia in elder patients? - Correct Answersnursing home S&S of gonorrhea in men - Correct Answerspain when urination and discharged from penis S&S of gonorrhea in women - Correct Answersfever, vaginal discharge, PID Syphilis - Correct AnswersSyphilis causes sores on your genitals (called chancres). The sores are usually painless, but they can easily spread the infection to other people Scabies - Correct AnswersScabies is not an infection, but an infestation. Tiny mites called Sarcoptes scabiei set up shop in the outer layers of human skin. The skin does not take kindly to the invasion. As the mites burrow and lay eggs inside the skin, the infestation leads to relentless itching and an angry rash. what is salmonella bacterium, salmonellosis, staphylococcus? - Correct Answersa common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through feces. Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food. s/s of salmonella - Correct Answersnausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, weakness, symptoms with a few hours or days what is botulism- clostridium bacteria? - Correct AnswersThe viral toxin causes paralysis. Paralysis starts in the face and spreads to the limbs. If it reaches the breathing muscles, respiratory failure can result. spread through contaminated food and water. S&S of botulism? - Correct Answersblurred vision, difficulty speaking, walking, numbness, paralysis, respiratory paralysis, death, onset 1 - 4 days after ingestion septic shock - Correct Answersdue to overwhelming infection

S&S of septic shock - Correct Answershigh or low temp, tachycardia, tachypnea, AMS, hypotension, decreased urine output treatment for septic shock - Correct Answerso2, fluids, dopamine, antibiotic in the hospital Cause on tetanus - Correct Answerspuncture wound or contaminated street drugs S&S of tetanus - Correct Answerspainful muscle contractions, rigidity of neck, face and jaw, hydrophobia, and drooling management of tetanus - Correct Answerssupportive care, airway, ventilation, tetanus immune globulin(in hospital), tetanus booster every 10 years. cause of Rabies - Correct Answersbit from infected animal S&S of rabies - Correct Answersfever, chills, malaise, neurological signs-hydrophobia, seizures, bizarre behavior, paralysis, coma treatment of rabies - Correct Answersrabies vaccine in the hospital hantavirus-hemorrhagic fever cause - Correct Answerscontact with contaminated rodent waste hantavirus-hemorrhagic fever S&S - Correct Answersflu like symptoms, cough, SOB, pulmonary edema, hypotension hantavirus-hemorrhagic fever treatment - Correct Answerssupportive care, airway, ventilation, antibody testing in hospital west nile virus cause - Correct Answersmosquito bite West Nile Virus S&S - Correct Answersfever, headache, body rash west nile virus management - Correct Answerssupportive care

Lyme disease cause - Correct Answersdeer tick bite Lyme disease S&S and treatment - Correct Answersearly: round, red skin lesion, flu like symptoms, can affect cardiac, neurological. Late- arthritis, joint pain, chronic neurological symptoms. Treatment supportive care Rocky Mountain spotted fever cause - Correct Answerstick bites Rocky Mountain spotted fever S&S and treatment - Correct Answerscan be fatal, fever, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting. treatment- doxycycline. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Correct Answersa strain of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus that has become resistant to the antibacterial action. transferred from one person to another through break of skin. Vancomycin Resistant staphylococcus (VRSA) - Correct Answersusually from catheters, recent hospitalizations, open wounds. treatment is antibiotics clostridium difficile (C diff) S&S and treatments - Correct Answersget usually after hospital stay or course of antibiotics. S&S are watery diarrhea, green and foul smelling, nausea and vomiting. treatment- supportive care, IV, clean equipment with chlorine-based cleaning solution. Behavioral Emergencies - Correct Answersalways scene safe, use law enforcement is needed. Rule out metabolic causes such as drugs, brain tumor, and hypoglycemia depression/ suicide attempt - Correct Answersfeelings of hopelessness, anorexia, crying, unkempt. never leave patient and always have an exit. bipolar or manic depression - Correct Answershigh- hyperactive, low- may be suicidal Bipolar Drug Therapy high points - Correct Answerslithium (generic) eskalith lithobid (trade names)

Name 4 anxiety disorders - Correct Answerspanic, anxiety, PTSD, phobias schizophrenic - Correct Answersmay be lucid and then delusional what is delusion - Correct Answersfalse belief such as delusions of grandeur or paranoia what is hallucinations? - Correct Answerssensation that appear real- seeing things, hearing voices, etc. agitated delirium - Correct Answersacts bizarre, agitated, paranoid, does not feel pain, has exceptional strength, hyperthermia what causes agitated delirium? - Correct Answersstimulant drugs- cocaine, PCP, meth, alcohol Management: Agitated Delirium - Correct Answerslaw enforcement present, try to calm patient, restrain(if necessary), be prepared for respiratory or cardiac arrest. violent patients - Correct Answersrestrain (if necessary), move fast, prefer 4 - 5 people. restrain on back or side, one arm above head, one at side and ankles together. check circulation frequently, protect airway and breathing. do not remove unless no circulation or need access. 4 ways drugs can enter the body - Correct Answersinhalation, ingestion, injection, absorption narcotic. examples, S&S, treatment - Correct Answersexamples- opium-heroin, fentanyl, morphine, codeine, etc. S&S- respiratory and central nervous system depression, decrease reparations and level of consciousness, small pupils. Treatment- protect airway, suction, BVM if low respirations, naloxone. Stimulants- examples, S&S, treatment - Correct Answersexamples- meth, cocaine. S&S- dilated pupils, increased HR and RR and BP, agitated/restless, seizures, v-fib. Treatment- seizures treatment, Benzes, EKG, IV

Cannabis- examples, S&S, treatment - Correct Answersmarijuana. S&S- drowsy, short term memory impairment, paranoia, hallucinations. Treatments- emotional support, transport, may have mixed drugs. blood pressure formula - Correct AnswersBP=cardiac output x peripheral/systemic vascular resistance what is pulse pressure? does it narrow or widen in shock and increased intracranial pressure? - Correct Answersdifference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Narrows shock and widens in increased ICP. what is orthostatic vital signs? what type of change suggests hypovolemia? - Correct Answerswhen supine, sitting, and standing your vitals change. hypovolemia- decrease in systolic, increase in diastolic, and increase in HR. MAP? normal range? how to calculate? - Correct Answersmean arterial pressure. Add diastolic + 1/3 of pulse pressure. normal range between 70 - 110 mmHg what do you do when you reass a patient? - Correct Answersidentify change in condition, treatments, and vitals. repeat primary, vitals, and check chief complaints how often do you reass a stable vs unstable pt? - Correct Answersstable- 15 min and unstable - 5 min physical and mental changes of aging in the central nervous system - Correct Answersatrophy of brain tissue, memory loss, delayed verbal response, decrease in vision, hearing, and pain response, can mask an MI (silent MI) changes of aging in integumentary system - Correct Answersdifficult adjusting body temp to enviornment( hypo and hyperthermia) changes of aging in the musculokeletal system - Correct Answersatrophy of the muscles what is the medical term for degenerative loss of bone - Correct Answersosteoporosis

change in aging of respiratory system - Correct Answersdecreased lung capacity and residual tidal volume and cough reflex, loss of alveoli changes of aging in the urinary system - Correct Answersdecreased renal function, difficulty in urination, decreased thirst, electrolyte imbalance due to decrease intake but continued output pediatric assessment triangle - Correct AnswersAppearance (muscle tone, speech or cry, eye contact), work of breathing(airway sounds, retractions, abnormal position) and circulation to the skin(pallor, mottling, cyanosis) infant to 1 year. changes and how to exam? - Correct Answersseparation anxiety, 2 months knows objects and faces, 6 months can sit up and make sounds, and 12 months can walk. EXAM toe to head, outside to inside toddler. Age range, changes, how to exam? - Correct Answers12- 36 months. no separation or to be touched, motor skills, toilet training, talking. EXAM from toe to head in parents lap, approach slow and use toy or gain confidence(the patients) preschool. Age range, changes, how to exam? - Correct Answers3- 6 years. afraid of blood/death, feels guilty, increase in vocabulary, toilet trained. EXAM chest first, head last. explain in simple terms and slowly, allow to sit on your lap school age. Age range, changes, how to exam? - Correct Answers6- 12 year. can provide some info, loss of primary teeth, develops self-esteem. EXAM be honest, explain what you are doing. adolescent. Age range, changes, how to exam? - Correct Answers12- 18 years. risk- takers, body image, growth spurt. EXAM treat like adult, may have to separate from parents to talk about personal stuff, may need same sex medic to assist patient anatomical difference in younger ages? - Correct Answersfontanel (anterior- open til about 1 year), head proportionally bigger= prone to trauma, airway- way smaller and narrow, tongue huge, ribs pliable- takes more force to break, abdominal muscles not strong= trauma prone to liver, spleen, and kidneys.

what doe sit mean if sunken fontanel? - Correct Answersdehydrated or shock what doe sit mean if bulging? - Correct Answersincreased ICP, seizures, crying reasons for peds to have AMS? reasons - Correct Answersmeningitis(inflammation of the meningies in brain and spine), seizures, ventricular shunt( shunt to relieve pressure/fluid in brain, infection, malfunction, hydrocephalus(fluid build up in brain) BGL monitor, normal range? - Correct Answersused for its its diabetes, AMS, seizures, head trauma, alcoholic. Normal range is 80 - 140 mg/dL pulse ox. what does it read? normal range? limitations? - Correct Answersnormal 95%- 100%. noninvasive measurement of 02 saturation of hemoglobin molecule. Limitations hypo perfusion, dehydrated, cold, vasopressors, anemia, CO, nail polish, methemoglobinemia, cyanide poisoning alcohol- examples, S&S, treatment. what age group is common in? - Correct Answerscommon in the elderly. S&S CNS changes- agitation to unconscious, decrease in RR, nausea and vomiting, altered coordination, ascites, muscle wasting. Treatment- protect airway, suction as needed, protect from injury, delirium tremens(tremors, severe sweating hallucinations, seizure(treat as needed). Alcoholism is common in the elderly. what is ascites? - Correct Answersaccumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity(abdominal). due to liver damage. sedatives and hyponotics/barbiturates- examples, S&S, treatment - Correct Answersexamples- sleeping pills. S&S-respiratory depression, decrease in loss of consciousness (may be suicide attempt, possible mixed medication overdose) treatment- airway, BVM, suction as needed, prepare for vomiting. hallucinogens- examples, S&S, treatment - Correct Answersexamples- PCP, LSD, Angel dust, mushrooms. S&S- behavioral changes, paranoid, could be danger to self/others, increase BP and HR. treatment- emotional support, watch carefully, do not leave alone, law enforcement.

huffing agents-examples, S&S, treatment - Correct Answersexamples- spray paint, markers, etc. S&S- seizures, psychosis, cadiovascular collapse. Treatment- airway and ventilation, seizure and cardiac drugs as needed. Tricyclic antidepressants high point OD and exposures. examples, S&S, and treatment.

• Correct Answersexamples- mellaril, tofranil, elavil(amitriptyline). S&S- dry mouth, blurred vision, hyperthermia, AMS, seizure, EKG changes due to blockage of Na channels-wide QRS, heart block, tornados, v-tach. Treatment- sodium bicarb. Salicylates high point OD and exposures. examples, S&S, and treatment. - Correct Answersexamples- aspirin, S&S- metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, hyperventilation, tachycardia, fever, sweating, ring in the ears(tinnitus). Treatment- large amounts of IV fluids, may need dialysis. Organophasphate high point OD and exposures. examples, S&S, and treatment. - Correct Answersexamples- pesticides, and WMD(weapons of mass destruction). S&S- SLUDGE, constricted pupils(miosis), bradycardia. treatment- scene safety, large doses of atropine. what is SLUDGE? - Correct AnswersSalivation Lacrimation Urinary Diarrhea Gastrointestinal symptoms Emesis What is miosis? - Correct Answersconstriction of the pupil carbon monoxide. OD and exposures. S&S, and treatment. - Correct AnswersS&S- headache, confusion, cyanosis, cherry-red lips. treatment- scene safety, remove from source, high flow o2, CO monitor, hyperbaric. chemicals OD and exposures. examples, S&S, and treatment. - Correct Answersexamples-acid and alkali. S&S- skin burns, drooling, difficulty talking or swallowing, SOB, shock. treatment- scene safety, flush with water if on skin, transport rapidly, NPO.

Hydrocarbons OD and exposures. examples, S&S, and treatment. - Correct Answersexamples- propane, natural gas. S&S- skin burns, wheezing, and dyspnea, AMS. treatment- flush if on skin, NPO, rapid transport. poisonous plant examples (4) - Correct Answerschina berry, foxglove, mistletoe, dieffenbachia. Difficult to ID if not familiar with it. high point Tylenol/acetaminophen antidote? - Correct Answerstreated in hospital with N- acetylcyyteine, Mucomyst high point Cyanide antidote? - Correct Answersamyl nitrate, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate what to use as antidote for extrapyramidal symptoms from psych drugs such as halloo, thorazine? - Correct Answersuse Benadryl glucagon antidote? - Correct Answersbeta blockers poison control center - Correct Answersa 24 - hour hot line that provides emergency medical advice on treating poisoning victims. call en route to hospital. General Treatment for poison - Correct Answersairway, breathing, ID substance and time taken, bring containers to hospital(unless hazardous), IV fluids, any antidote, cardiac support- EKG. What is hemophilia? treatment? who does it affect most? - Correct Answersblood clotting disorder. smallest cut can cause uncontrolled bleeding, most often affects males. treatment- IV, splint if bleeding in joint area. Sickle cell anemia. who's does it affect most? what is it? treatment? - Correct Answersaffect African American, meditarreanian, and east pacific. blood disorder where sells shaped like C's instead of O's which clots easy. Causes pain in joints and chest, back or flank, joint swelling, priapism, infections, stroke, MI. treatment- high flow O2, treat for shock, pain meds, stroke or cardia center in indicated.

transfusion negative reactions. S&S and treatment? - Correct Answersdonor and recipient blood not compatible. S&S- facial flushing, hyperventilation, tachycardia, hives, chest pain, wheezing, fever, chills, cyanosis. treatment- stop transfusion immediately, remove IV- keep tubing catheter and blood bag for analysis, IV- bolus fluid, treat for shock. what is leukocytosis - Correct AnswersAbnormally high WBC count what is leukemia? - Correct Answerscancer of blood cells what is lymphoma? - Correct Answerscancer of the lymphatic system what is thrombocytosis? - Correct Answerstoo many platelets what is thrombocytopenia? - Correct Answersdestruction of platelets what is polycythemia? - Correct Answerstoo many RBCs non traumatic musculoskeletal disorders. examples, S&S, treatment? - Correct Answersosteomyelitis, tumors, ow back pain, spinal disc disorders, arthritis, gout, carpal tunnel, tendonitis, bursitis. S&S- pain, tenderness, swelling, decrease movement, sensation or circulation changes, deformity. Treatment- splint as necessary, transport considerations. disease in eyes, ears, Mose, throat. examples, S&S, treatment? - Correct Answersexamples- conjunctivitis, corneal abrasions, glaucoma, retinal detachment, foreign body in ear or nose, epistaxis, otitis externa, oitis media, Ludwig's angina, TMJ (jaw) disorders. S&S pain, tenderness, swelling, decrease movement, sensation or circulation changes, deformity, airway compromise, visual or hearing changes. treatment- airway, ventilation, suction, bandage/patch, control bleeding, transport considerations. what is epistaxis? - Correct Answersnose bleed what is otitis externa? - Correct Answersexternal ear infection

what is otitis media? - Correct Answersmiddle ear infection what is Ludwig's angina? - Correct Answersoral bacterial cellulitis under tongue on floor of mouth gynecology anatomy - Correct Answersuterus, fundus (top of uterus), cervix(inferior portion of uterus), Fallopian tubes, ovaries, external genitalia, perineum(area between vagina and rectum. Menstrual cycle. what is the proliferative phase? - Correct Answersfirst two weeks of cycle, increase estrogen, causes endometrium to thicken and become engorged with blood. menstrual cycle. what is the secretory phase? - Correct Answers2nd phase. time surrounding ovulation menstrual cycle. what is the ischemic phase? - Correct Answers3rd phase. if fertilization docent occur, estrogen and progesterone decrease. What is the role of estrogen? - Correct AnswersEstrogen is also produced by fat cells and the adrenal gland. At the onset of puberty, estrogen plays a role in the development of so- called female secondary sex characteristics, such as breasts, wider hips, pubic hair and armpit hair. it is involved with female reproduction. what is the role of progesterone? - Correct Answersmainly to regulate the condition of the inner lining (endometrium) of the uterus. Progesterone is produced by the ovaries, placenta, and adrenal glands. also to help with a good pregnancy. What is menarche? - Correct Answersfirst menstrual cycle, onset of menses What is menopause? - Correct Answersending of menses, irregular bleeding treatment for vaginal bleeding? - Correct AnswersPOC, O2 if necessary, IV fluids, NPO

what is PID? S&S? - Correct Answerspelvic inflammatory disease. most common cause of gonerrhea. S&S- pain in both lower quadrants, fever, foul selling discharge, fever. What is mittelschmerz? - Correct Answersabdominal pain caused by ovulation what is endometriosis? - Correct AnswersGrowth of endometrial tissue outside of uterus What is ovarian torsion? - Correct AnswersTwisting of the ovarian artery, which reduces the blood flow to the ovary. what is ovarian cyst? - Correct Answersa sac within the surface of the ovary what is bartholin's abscess? - Correct AnswersA fluid-filled swelling (cyst) in the Bartholin's glands, which lubricate the vagina. sexual assault. treatment and responsibilities? - Correct Answerstreat any injuries/ provide psychological support. do not clean wounds. preserve evidence in brown paper bags for each item of clothing. May be best to have same sex medic treat patient. S&S of pregnancy? - Correct Answersincreased urination, abdomen and breasts enlarge, nausea and vomiting what is amenorrhea? - Correct Answersabsence of menstruation what is AB mean? - Correct Answersnumber of abortions or miscarriages what is bloody show? - Correct Answersblood-tinged mucus plug from cervix, occurs during cervical dilation. what is cephalic delivery? - Correct Answershead first what is lightening? - Correct Answersfetus moving down into the birth canal Braxton Hicks contractions - Correct Answersfalse labor, irregular contractions

gravida - Correct Answersnumber of times pregnant including current pregnancy primagravida - Correct Answerspregnant for the first time para - Correct Answersnumber of deliveries (twins count as one) primapara - Correct Answersfirst delivery postpartum - Correct Answersafter birth prenatal and antepartum - Correct Answersconception till birth development of pregnancy - Correct Answersfertilization of egg occurs in Fallopian tube, later implants in wall of uterus. stages of development in pregnancy - Correct Answersembryo(up to 8 weeks), fetus (up to delivery), newborn, neonate(after delivery-birth to one month) size of uterus during pregnancy - Correct Answers3 months- top of pelvis, 4 - 6 months- umbilicus, 9 months- diaphragm what is the job of the placenta? - Correct Answersprovides fetus with nutrients and gets rid of waste products. what is the amniotic sac? - Correct Answersencloses fetus, amniotic fluid is usually clear what is the umbilical cord? - Correct Answersattaches fetus to placenta, two arteries and one vein. two reds and 1 blue normal length of pregnancy? - Correct Answers40 weeks and nine months blood volume increase in pregnancy? - Correct Answersincrease by 45% and anemia common

what decreases in the last trimester of pregnancy? - Correct Answersblood pressure assessment of OB patient - Correct Answerspast medical history, any bleeding, due date, if in labor- onset, how close are contractions, did water break?, color of amniotic fluid, patient feel like pushing? early pregnant emergencies. 1st trimester or early 2nd trimester - Correct Answersabortion(miscarriage)- abdominal pain in both lower quadrants, cramps, bright red bleeding, may have clots or pass tissue ectopic pregnancy- unilateral lower abdominal pain, spotting, shock, kehrs sign-referred pain to shoulder late pregnancy emergencies 3rd trimester - Correct Answersabrupt placenta- tearing away of placenta from wall of uterus, vaginal bleeding- dark red and abdominal pain(tearing pain). may be caused by trauma- deceleration injury. placenta previa- placenta implanted completely or partially over cervical opening. vaginal bleeding- bright red and no abdominal pain. ruptured uterus- labor, history of c-section, tearing pain, shock treatment of late pregnancy emergencies - Correct Answersleft side, high flow O2, high priority transport, fluids. CO monitor. how does it bind?effects of CO? limitations? normal range? smokers normal range? treatment normal range? - Correct AnswersCO binds to hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. effects of CO- CNS depression, headache, dizziness, confusion, seizures, coma, cardiac ishemia limitations- pulso ox, hypo perfusion

normal range- <5% smokers normal range- up to 8% treatment range- exceed 10 - 12% supine hypotensive syndrome in pregnancy. what occurs? S&S? treatment? - Correct AnswersSHS- is pressure on the vena cava which causes decreased blood return to heart. S&S-syncope, dizzy, hypotensive. treatment- left side even if on a backboard. does domestic abuse increase or decrease during pregnancy? - Correct Answersincrease what is the effect of drug abuse during pregnancy? - Correct Answersaffect growth and development of fetus , also can affect baby on delivery. When is preterm labor? - Correct Answersbefore 38th week of gestation during preterm labor what meds do you use to stop contractions? (not prehospital treatment) - Correct Answersterbutaline/brethine what is the reason for premature rupture of membrane? - Correct Answerspossibility of infection of uterus and fetal death hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy. what trimester does this occur? S&S? treatment? - Correct AnswersAKA toxemia- preeclampsia. preeclampsia before seizures and eclampsia after seizure. occurs during the 3rd trimester. S&S- hypertension, swelling, epigastric pain, hyper reflexes, protein in urine. treatment- mag first if seizing then valium if continued seizing. Gestational diabetes. when does it occur? treatment? - Correct Answersoccurs only during pregnancy. must be on insulin during pregnancy. What is hyperemesis gravidarum? - Correct Answersexcessive vomiting during pregnancy

what is Rh- to Rh+? when does it usually occur? - Correct Answersmother produces antibodies which attack baby's RBCs. usually occurs in future pregnancies if mother did not get Rhlg-RhoGam. Stages of labor. - Correct Answers1st- start of labor to complete dilation 2nd- delivery of baby-expulsion 3rd- delivery of placenta delivery procedures - Correct Answers1-PPE- gown, googles, mask, sterile gloves(OB kit) 2 - provide privacy 3 - O2 for mother as needed 4 - position on back with knees and hips flexed, butt raised 5 - place towels from kit under butt, below vagina opening, and on abdomen 6 - control head with gentle pressure and place other hand over perineum to prevent explosive delivery 7 - support head as it comes out of vagina 8 - check for umbilical cord around neck(if around neck, try to slip off and if not clamp and cut) 9 - guide head downward to allow upper shoulder to deliver 10 - guide babes body upward to allow delivery to lower shoulder 11 - body will follow quickly- hold on to baby because it is slippery, keep at level of vagina 12 - clamp and cut cord( one clamp 10cm from baby and the other 15cm and cut in between) 13 - wipe and dry baby completely, suction if needed(suction mouth then nose) 14 - place in warm blanket and cover head with blanket but make sure you can see head at all times 15 - place on side and let mom hold 16 - record time of birth

17 - prepare for placenta delivery but don't delay transport 18 - place placenta is biohazard bag and bring to hospital, not time of placenta delivery 19 - massage funds of uterus 20 - observe any vagina tears or excessive bleeding and put peri pad on vaginal area. how do you determine if delivery is imminent? (3 ways) - Correct Answers1-crowning, bulging of perineum 2 - feeling of having to have bowel movement, urge to push 3 - contractions less then 2 minutes apart or lasting 60 - 90 seconds (the end of one contraction to the end of the next) complications of delivery treatment - Correct Answershigh flow O2 and IV amniotic sac intact during delivery. description? treatment? - Correct Answersdescription- baby delivery still enclosed in amniotic sac. treatment- pinch open and remove from face. breech. description? treatment? high point - Correct Answersdescription- buttocks first, body delivered but head caught. treatment- O2, supine, head-down position with pelvis elevated, gloved hand into vagina with palm toward baby face, make a "V" to provide airway. limb presentation. description? treatment? - Correct Answersdescription- arm or leg protruding from vagina. treatment- do not try to deliver, rapid transport, O2, knee-chest position with pelvis elevated multiple births. description? treatment? - Correct Answersdescription- still in labor and uterus enlarged. treatment- prepare for another delivery, clamp the cord of the 1st baby. nuchal cord. description? treatment? - Correct Answersdescription- cord wrapped around baby neck. treatment-check as soon as head delivered, slip cord around head, may have to clamp and cut cord

post partum hemorrhage. description? treatment? - Correct Answersdescription- over 500mL bleeding in 24 hours treatment- O2, NS or LR, massage funds, Pitocin premature birth. description? treatment? - Correct Answersdescription- lss than 5 lbs or before 38 weeks. treatment- prone to hypoxia and hypothermia. dry completely, assess breathing carefully. prolapsed cord. description? treatment? high point - Correct Answersdescription- cord protruding through vagina, pressure on cord cuts off babys circulation treatment- place mother in knee-chest position, sterile glove hand in vagina and raise presenting part off cord, do not push cord back, keep cord moist(wrap in sterile saline soaked towel) pulmonary embolus. description? treatment? high point - Correct Answersdescription- during or right after delivery(can even be up to 2 weeks after delivery) SOB, chest pain treatment- O2, treat for shock. A in APGAR - Correct AnswersAppearance. 0 - completely blue or pale 1 - body pink, extremities blue 2 - completely pink P in APGAR - Correct AnswersPULSE / HEART RATE 0 = Absent 1 = <100, Slow and irregular 2 = > 100 G in APGAR - Correct AnswersGRIMACE (response to nasal catheter) 0 = None

1 = Grimace or weak cry 2 = Sneeze, cries, cough A in APGAR - Correct Answersactivity. 0 - limp, no movement 1 - some flexion 2 - active movement R in APGAR - Correct AnswersRESPIRATIONS 0 = Absent 1 = Gasping 2 = Good Crying acrocyanosis - Correct Answerspink body, blue extremities what does APGAR evaluate? - Correct Answersevaluates physical condition of newborn and determine if resuscitation needed, performed at 1 and 5 minutes. Maximum and minimum of APGAR? - Correct Answersmax- 10 and min- 0 Resuscitation of the newborn - Correct Answers1-warm, position, dry, clear airway if needed, stimulate to breathe 2 - supplemental oxygen 3 - BVM 4 - intubate 5 - chest compressions 6 - medicaitons if bleeding from umbilical cord? - Correct Answersreclamp proximal and do not remove first clamp

when do you start compressions on a newborn? - Correct Answersafter you intubate or if HR is <60 meconium? - Correct Answersbaby poop. if fetal distress, aggressive airway management most common problems with newborns? - Correct Answers1-respiratory distress 2 - hypothermia if newborn is bradycardia? - Correct Answerssign of hypoxia, do not use atropine, use oxygen what is the dose for fluid replacement in a newborn? - Correct Answers10mL/kg average weight at birth, 6 moths, and 1 year old? - Correct Answersbirth- 7 lbs 6 months- 14 lbs one year- 21 lbs what is Diaphragmatic hernia? - Correct Answerscongenital abnormality. abnormal opening in the diaphragm what is choanal astresia? - Correct Answerscongenital abnormality. where the back of the nasal passage (choana) is blocked, usually by abnormal bony or soft tissue (membranous) due to failed recanalization of the nasal fossae during fetal development. what is Pierre robin syndrome? - Correct Answerscongenital abnormality. set back jaw. what is cleft lip and/or palate? - Correct Answerscongenital abnormality. opening in the upper lip that may extend into the nose. The opening may be on one side, both sides, or in the middle. A cleft palate is when the roof of the mouth contains an opening into the nose What is spina bifida? - Correct Answerscongenital abnormality. baby's spinal cord fails to develop properly.

What is omphalocele? - Correct Answerscongenital abnormality. infant's intestine or other abdominal organs are outside of the body because of a hole in the belly button (navel) area. what is congenital heart defects? - Correct Answerscongenital abnormality. defective vessels, leaky valves, hole in heart across the ventricles. Level one trauma center? - Correct Answerscapable of handling all types of trauma 24/7. This includes on-site trauma teams, surgical capabilities, trauma intensive care unites, and rehabilitation services level two trauma center? - Correct Answerscomprehensive but may refer out level three trauma center? - Correct Answerscommunity-based, usually refers out complicated cases revised trauma score - Correct Answerslook at GCS, systolic BP, RR from initial assessment of trauma patient and predicts outcome. two main types of trauma? - Correct Answers1-blunt 2 - penetrating what is an example of a low velocity wound? - Correct Answersknife what is an example of a medium velocity wound? - Correct Answershand gun, shot gun what is an example of a high velocity wound? - Correct Answersmilitary weapon what is newtons law?high point - Correct Answerslaw of inertia, law of conservation of energy, and kinetic energy what is law of inertia? - Correct Answersa body in motion or at rest will remain in motion or at rest unless acted upon by an outside force

what is law of conservation of energy? - Correct Answersenergy can not be created or destroyed but can be changed form one form to another. what is kinetic energy law? - Correct Answersenergy an object has while in motion, speed is most important factor kinetic energy formula - Correct AnswersKE= mass(weight) x velocity(speed)^2 divided by 2 what is most impacted on a frontal impact? - Correct Answerssteering wheel and air bag. head, neck, chest two pathways toward the dashboard? - Correct Answers1- up and over: head, neck, and chest 2 - down and under- knee, femur, hip, pelvis what is impacted on a rear-end collision? - Correct Answersneck, and back what is hurt on a fall and land on feet? - Correct Answersfractured calcaneus(heel bone) and lumbar spine injury/fracture what are the four types of blast injury? - Correct Answers1-primary phase 2 - secondary phase 3 - tertiary phase 4 - quarternary injuries what occurs in the primary phase? - Correct Answerspressure waves, hollow and air filled organs affected what occurs in the secondary phase? - Correct Answersstruck by shrapnel what occurs in the tertiary phase? - Correct Answersinjuries due to patient being thrown into air