NREMT Practice Questions and Answers, Exams of Medicine

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A 22-year-old female was shot by her husband. Law enforcement is at the scene and has the husband in custody. The patient is conscious, but extremely restless, and is pale and diaphoretic. As your partner administers high-flow oxygen, you should: - Correct Answer look for and control any bleeding. Common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include: - Correct Answer Shock following major trauma is MOST often the result of: - Correct Answer hemorrhage A 19-year-old female has a closed, swollen deformity to her left forearm. You are unable to palpate a radial pulse and the skin distal to the injury is cold and pale. Several attempts to contact medical control have failed and you are approximately 45 miles away from the closest hospital. You should:

• Correct Answer make one attempt to restore distal circulation by applying gentle manual traction in line with the long axis of the limb. When performing two-rescuer CPR on an adult patient whose airway has not been secured with an advanced device, you should: - Correct Answer have your partner pause after 30 compressions as you give 2 breaths. A 50-year-old woman who is conscious and alert complains of a severe migraine headache. When caring for her, you should generally avoid: - Correct Answer shining a light into her pupils. You and your partner have secured a trauma patient to a long backboard and are preparing to lift the backboard onto the stretcher. When doing so, you should: - Correct Answer ensure that the strongest EMT is positioned at the head of the backboard.

Treatment for a responsive 4-year-old child with a mild airway obstruction, who has respiratory distress, a strong cough, and normal skin color, includes: - Correct Answer supplemental oxygen and transport. You receive a call for a 3-year-old girl with respiratory distress. When you enter her residence, you see the mother holding the child, who does not acknowledge your presence. This finding indicates that the child: - Correct Answer has severe hypoxia. You are performing a secondary assessment on a severely injured patient while en route to a trauma center. During the assessment you note that the patient's respiratory rate has increased. You should: - Correct Answer repeat the primary assessment and treat as needed. A 60-year-old man presents with a severe right-sided headache. He is conscious and alert. As you are assessing him, he tells you that the left side of his body feels weak. His blood pressure is 190/100 mm Hg, pulse is 88 beats/min, and respirations are 14 breaths/min. His past medical history includes diabetes, arthritis, and hypertension. You should be MOST concerned with: - Correct Answer the presence of hemiparesis. A man is experiencing a severe allergic reaction after being stung by a scorpion. He does not have his own epinephrine; however, his wife is allergic to bees and has a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector. You should: - Correct Answer provide rapid transport and consider an ALS rendezvous. Which of the following injuries is MOST indicative of child abuse? - Correct Answer Bruising to the upper back. A football player complains of severe neck pain and tingling in his arms and legs after being tackled. He is conscious and alert, has a patent airway, and is breathing adequately. He is in a supine position and is still wearing his helmet, which is tight-fitting. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: - Correct Answer manually stabilizing his head with his helmet still on, removing the face mask, securing him onto a long backboard, and restricting spinal motion with a lateral head stabilizer. Which of the following structures is the primary pacemaker, which sets the normal rate for the heart? - Correct Answer Sinoatrial node.

Which of the following is MOST indicative of a primary cardiac problem? - Correct Answer Irregular pulse EMTs arrive at a one-vehicle crash on the left shoulder of a 3-lane highway. The fire department has parked their apparatus on the left shoulder, behind the crashed vehicle. The ambulance should be parked: - Correct Answer past the crashed vehicle, on the left shoulder. Which of the following actions demonstrates an EMT's knowledge of crime scene preservation? - Correct Answer Advising a law enforcement officer after moving a coffee table to access a critically injured patient. A 16-year-old, 125-pound male ingested a bottle of aspirin approximately 20 minutes ago. Medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal in a dose of 1 g/kg. How much activated charcoal should you administer? - Correct Answer 57 g When providing care to multiple patients at the scene of a mass-casualty incident, your goal should remain focused on: - Correct Answer transporting patients to the hospital. As you begin ventilating an unresponsive apneic man, you hear gurgling in his upper airway. Your MOST immediate action should be to: - Correct Answer quickly turn the patient onto his side so secretions can drain. Which of the following signs or symptoms is MOST indicative of cerebral hypoxia? - Correct Answer Decreased level of consciousness. Which of the following statements regarding the automated external defibrillator (AED) is correct? - Correct Answer AEDs can safely be used in infants and children less than 8 years of age. During transport of a patient with a head injury, which of the following will provide you with the MOST information regarding the patient's condition? - Correct Answer Mental status. The function of the uterus is to: - Correct Answer house the fetus as it grows for 40 weeks.

A properly placed oropharyngeal airway: - Correct Answer keeps the tongue off of the posterior pharynx. In which of the following situations would nitroglycerin MOST likely be administered? - Correct Answer History of cardiac bypass surgery. The MOST important initial steps of assessing and managing a newborn include: - Correct Answer clearing the airway and keeping the infant warm. While transporting an elderly woman who was complaining of nausea, vomiting, and weakness, she suddenly becomes unresponsive. You should: - Correct Answer assess for signs of breathing and a pulse. A 60-year-old woman has severe respiratory distress. She is conscious, but confused, and can only say two words at a time. Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate treatment for her? - Correct Answer Ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device. When treating a patient with chest pain pressure, or discomfort, you should FIRST: - Correct Answer place the patient in a position of comfort. Assessment of a trauma patient reveals paradoxical movement to the left side of his chest. The patient is conscious, but restless, and is experiencing severe pain. HIs breathing is rapid and shallow and his pulse is rapid and weak. The EMT should: - Correct Answer ventilate the patient with a bag- valve-mask device. In which of the following circumstances would external bleeding be the LEAST difficult to control? - Correct Answer Lacerated femoral vein; BP of 70/40 mm Hg. A 58-year-old man is found unresponsive by his wife. According to his wife, he was complaining of a "dull ache" in his chest the day before, but refused to allow her to call 911. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 28 breaths/min and labored. Further assessment reveals that his skin is cool, pale, and clammy. You should suspect: - Correct Answer cardiogenic shock

A 40-year-old man was hit in the nose during a fight. He has bruising under his left eye and a nosebleed. After taking standard precautions, you should:

• Correct Answer ensure that he is sitting up and leaning forward. A 55-year-old woman with a history of diabetes is found unresponsive with rapid, shallow respirations. The patient's husband tells you that he does not know when his wife last took her insulin. Management of this patient should include: - Correct Answer assisted ventilations and rapid transport. When assessing a 30-year-old female who was sexually assaulted, it is MOST important for you to: - Correct Answer ensure that all life- threatening injuries are treated. After delivering one shock with the AED and performing 2 minutes of XPR on a woman in cardiac arrest, you reanalyze her cardiac rhythm and receive a no shock advised message. This means that: - Correct Answer she is not in a shockable rhythm. Upon arriving at the scene of a multiple-vehicle crash, you can see that at least two patients have been ejected from their vehicles. You should: - Correct Answer request at least one more ambulance. When caring for any patient with a decreased level of consciousness, your primary concern should be the: - Correct Answer potential for airway compromise. A 50-year-old man, who fell approximately 20 feet and landed on a hard surface, is semiconscious. You should: - Correct Answer stabilize his head while performing the jaw-thrust maneuver. Which of the following is the MOST common cause of shock in infants and children? - Correct Answer Dehydration You are assessing a middle-aged male who is experiencing respiratory distress. The patient has a history of emphysema and hypertension. He appears fatigued; has weak retractions; and demonstrates labored, shallow breathing. Your MOST immediate action should be to: - Correct Answer ventilate him with a bag-valve-mask device.

Use a nonrebreathing mask when patients: - Correct Answer are moving air adequately. Which of the following signs is MOST indicative of inadequate breathing in an infant? - Correct Answer Expiratory grunting Following blunt injury to the anterior torso, a patient is coughing up bright red blood. You should be MOST suspicious of: - Correct Answer bleeding within the lungs. Hemoptysis - Correct Answer coughing up blood; finding that suggests injury to or bleeding within the lungs Vomiting bright or dark red blood suggests: - Correct Answer GI bleeding Signs of shock as well as abdominal pain, guarding, rigidity, bruising, or distension: - Correct Answer intra-abdominal bleeding Which of the following parameters is the LEAST reliable when assessing the perfusion status of a 2-year-old child? - Correct Answer systolic blood pressure Agonal respirations are not adequate because they are: - Correct Answer infrequent, gasping respiratory efforts that produce very little, if any, tidal volume. You are called to a local nightclub for an injured patient. Law enforcement personnel have secured the scene. Upon arrival, you see a young man who is lying on the ground screaming in pain; bright red blood is spurting from an apparent stab wound to his groin area. You should: - Correct Answer control the bleeding. When you arrive at a residence for a man who is "not acting right," you enter the house and find him sitting on his couch. Which of the following findings would be MOST indicative of an altered mental status? - Correct Answer Slurred speech Following delivery of a newborn and placenta, you note that the mother has moderate vaginal bleeding. The mother is conscious and alert, and her vital

signs are stable. Treatment for her should include: - Correct Answer administering oxygen and massaging the uterus. Despite direct pressure, a large laceration continues to spurt out large amounts of bright red blood. You should: - Correct Answer apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury until the bleeding stops. Your partner, a veteran EMT of 20 years, has been showing up late to work with increasing frequency over the last several shifts. When he arrives, he is in a bad mood and is clearly not interested in being at work. His behavior is MOST consistent with: - Correct Answer burnout. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate response when a patient with chest pain asks you if he or she is having a heart attack? - Correct Answer I don't know, but we will take good care of you. When called to the scene of a structural fire to stand by in case any injuries occur at the scene, you should: - Correct Answer ensure that your ambulance does not block or hinder other arriving fire apparatus. Which of the following actions should be carried out during the primary assessment of an unresponsive patient? - Correct Answer Assessing the skin Which of the following assessment parameters is the MOST reliable when determining if a patient with a head injury is improving or deteriorating? - Correct Answer Level of consciousness What will provide you with the highest degree of safety when responding to an emergency call? - Correct Answer Wearing your seatbelt and shoulder harness. You arrive at the scene shortly after a 3-year-old female experienced a seizure. The child, who is being held by her mother, is conscious and crying. The mother tells you that her daughter has been ill recently and has a temperature of 102.5. What is the MOST appropriate treatment for this child? - Correct Answer Oxygen via the blow-by technique, remove clothing to help reduce her fever, and transport with continuous monitoring.

A 6-year-old boy presents with a high fever a headache, and a stiff neck. He is conscious, but is not acting as a normal 6-year-old boy should. His mother told you that he vomited once before your arrival. You should be MOST concerned with: - Correct Answer the risk of permanent neurologic damage. Which of the following BEST describes the mechanism of injury? - Correct Answer The way in which traumatic injuries occur. Which of the following assessment findings is LEAST suggestive of a cardiac problem? - Correct Answer Palpable pain to the chest (suggests a musculoskeletal problem) A 56-year-old man has labored, shallow breathing at a rate of 28 breaths/min. He is responsive to pain only. You should: - Correct Answer insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisting his ventilations. A 50-year-old woman presents with acute shortness of breath. Her skin is pale and she is anxious. You should: - Correct Answer administer high- flow oxygen and assess the adequacy of her breathing. While functioning at a large-scale terrorist incident, it is important for the EMT to: - Correct Answer use triage and base patient care on available resources. A patient who is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction: - Correct Answer has chest pain or discomfort that does not change with each breath. Tachycardia can be detrimental to a patient who is experiencing a cardiac problem because it causes: - Correct Answer increased cardiac oxygen usage and demand. The ultimate goal of any EMS quality improvement program is to: - Correct Answer deliver a consistently high standard of care to all patients who are encountered. You arrive at the scene where a man fell approximately 40 feet and landed on his head. He is unresponsive, has agonal gasps, and has a weak carotid pulse. Further assessment reveals an open head injury with

exposed brain matter. Upon identifying this patient is an organ donor, you should: - Correct Answer manage the patient aggressively and provide rapid transport. You are treating a 60-year-old man in cardiac arrest. After delivering a shock with the AED and performing CPR for 2 minutes, you achieve return of spontaneous circulation. Your next action should be toL - Correct Answer assess his airway and ventilatory status. An elderly man is found unresponsive in his kitchen. The patient's wife tells you that her husband has diabetes and that he took his insulin, but did not eat anything. You should suspect: - Correct Answer hypoglycemia. Which of the following patients with diabetes is the BEST candidate for oral glucose? - Correct Answer confused patient who has cool, clammy skin A young male has trauma to multiple body systems after he fell approximately 35 feet. He is semiconscious and has an unstable chest wall, numerous long bone fractures, and a large hematoma to his head. He will have the BEST chance for survival if you: - Correct Answer rapidly transport him to a trauma center. Which of the following signs and symptoms are MOST characteristic of hyperglycemic ketoacidosis (diabetic coma)? - Correct Answer Warm, dry skin and a slow onset. Insulin shock is characterized by: - Correct Answer low blood glucose, rapid onset, altered mental status, and cool, clammy skin. You are the first ambulance to arrive at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash. As you approach the scene, you see three patients: two have been ejected from their vehicles and the other is still in his vehicle. You should: - Correct Answer request additional ambulances to respond to the scene. In the patient with diabetes, insulin shock typically presents with: - Correct Answer clammy skin and a rapid onset. Which of the following patients has the highest priority at the scene of a mass-casualty incident? - Correct Answer A 35-year-old unresponsive woman with snoring respirations and severe burns.

When assessing and treating a patient with a gunshot wound, you should routinely: - Correct Answer look for the presence of an exit wound. You receive a call for a 49-year-old woman who passed out. the patient's husband tells you that they were watching TV when the incident occurred. No trauma was involved. The patient is semiconscious and has cyanosis to her lips. After opening her airway with the head tilt-chin lift maneuver, you should: - Correct Answer insert a nasopharyngeal airway. When dealing with an emotionally disturbed patient, you should be MOST concerned with: - Correct Answer whether the patient could harm you. You are caring for a 6-year-old child with a possible fractured arm and have reason to believe that the child was abused. How should you manage this situation? - Correct Answer Advise the parents that the child needs to be transported. Occasional, irregular breaths that may be observed in a cardiac arrest patient are called: - Correct Answer agonal gasps Biot respirations - Correct Answer irregular pattern, rate, and depth of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea (commonly associated with brain trauma). Cheyne-Stokes respirations - Correct Answer characterized by a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of breathing with a period of apnea between each cycle (fast, slow, apnea) Contraindications for nitroglycerin: - Correct Answer patients without a prescription, systolic BP below 100, and patients who have taken medications for ED within the previous 24-48 hours After defibrillating a man in cardiac arrest, you resume CPR. As you are about to reanalyze his cardiac rhythm 2 minutes later, your partner tells you she can definitely feel a strong carotid pulse. You should: - Correct Answer assess the patient's breathing effort. In which position would you expect a patient with severe dyspnea to be found? - Correct Answer Fowler's

A 44-year-old woman was bitten on the ankle by an unidentified snake while working in her garden. She is conscious and alert, has stable vital signs, and denies shortness of breath. Her only complaint is a burning sensation at the wound site. Your assessment reveals two small puncture wounds, redness, and swelling. You should: - Correct Answer give her supplemental oxygen, splint her leg to decrease movement, and keep her leg below the level of the heart. Treatment for a snake bite: - Correct Answer keep the patient calm, administer oxygen, splint the affected extremity to decrease movement (helps slow the spread of venom), keep the extremity below the level of the heart, and transport; DO NOT apply ice to snake bite as it may constrict the blood vessels and force venom further into bloodstream Ventilation is defined as the: - Correct Answer movement of air into and out of the lungs Immediately upon delivery of a newborn's head, you should: - Correct Answer suction the mouth A 73-year-old male presents with confusion; cool, pale, clammy skin; absent radial pulses; and a blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg. The patient's wife tells you that he has had abdominal pain for a week and began vomiting a coffee-ground substance yesterday. His past medical history includes hypertension and gastric ulcer disease. Your MOST immediate concern should be that: - Correct Answer he is in shock and requires prompt transport. During which part of your assessment would you MOST likely discover a small-caliber gunshot wound to the back with minimal bleeding? - Correct Answer Rapid head-to-toe assessment Which of the following statements regarding sudden cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation is correct? - Correct Answer For each minute that defibrillation is delayed, the chance of survival decreases by as much as 10%. A 46-year-old man presents with generalized weakness and shortness of breath after he was bitten on the leg by a rattlesnake. His blood pressure is

106/58 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 112 beats/min. In addition to supplemental oxygen, further treatment for this patient should include: - Correct Answer splinting and lowering of the affected part. Which of the following is the MOST common cause of seizures in children?

• Correct Answer An abrupt rise in body temperature. (not necessarily how hight the temp gets, but how quickly it rises). Which of the following is considered minimum personal protective equipment when suctioning an unresponsive patient's airway? - Correct Answer Gloves and full facial protection. You assess an unresponsive 65-year-old man and find that he is apneic and pulseless. The patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardioverter/defibrillator. After initiating CPR, you should: - Correct Answer apply the AED as soon as possible and analyze his cardiac rhythm. Which of the following processes occurs during cellular/capillary gas exchange? - Correct Answer The capillaries give up oxygen to the cells. If the level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood increases: - Correct Answer the respiratory rate and depth increase. A woman stabbed her boyfriend in the cheek with a dinner fork during an argument. Police have the woman in custody. The patient still has the fork impaled in his cheek. He is conscious and alert, breathing adequately, and has blood in his oropharynx. You should: - Correct Answer suction his oropharynx, control any external bleeding, stabilize the fork in place, and protect it with bulky dressings. The safest emergency vehicle operator is one who: - Correct Answer drives with due regard. You are dispatched to a residence for a 4-year-old female who is sick. Your assessment reveals that she has increased work breathing and is making a high-pitched sound during inhalation. Her mother tells you that she has been running a high fever for the past 24 hours. Your MOST immediate concern should be: - Correct Answer assessing the need for ventilation assistance.

A sudden onset of respiratory distress in a 5-year-old child with no fever is MOST likely the result of: - Correct Answer a foreign body airway obstruction. Which of the following patients would MOST likely present with vague or unusual symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction? - Correct Answer 72-year-old female with diabetes (elderly women with diabetes may present with vague, unusual, or atypical symptoms of AMI). A 4-year-old boy ingested an unknown quantity of drain cleaner. He is alert, has a patent airway, and has adequate breathing. You should: - Correct Answer contact poison control and give him oxygen. Which of the following is mOST indicative of compensated shock in an adult? - Correct Answer Restless, diaphoresis, tachypnea, BP of 104/ mm Hg You are treating a 5-year-old child who has severe diarrhea and vomiting for 3 days and is now showing signs of shock. Supplemental oxygen has been given and you have elevated his lower extremities. En route to the hospital, you note that his work of breathing has increased. You should: - Correct Answer lower the extremities and reassess the child; (because infants and small children rely heavily on their diaphragm for breathing, elevating their lower extremities can cause the diaphragm to shift into the thoracic cavity and decrease the effectiveness of breathing, therefore you should lower the lower extremities). You are assessing an elderly man with respiratory distress. He is coughing up bloody sputum and has an oxygen saturation of 85%. You auscultate his breath sounds and hear coarse crackles in all lung fields. This patient MOST likely has: - Correct Answer congestive heart failure. During a soccer game, an 18-year-old woman injured her knee. Her knee is in a flexed position and is obviously deformed. You should: - Correct Answer manually stabilize the leg above and below the knee. Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause flushed skin? - Correct Answer Exposure to heat (peripheral blood vessels dilate, which draws warm blood to the skin and gives it a flushed appearance).

During your assessment of a patient with a gunshot wound to the chest, you note that his skin is pale. This finding is the result of: - Correct Answer decreased blood flow to the skin (when the body attempts to compensate for shock, peripheral vasoconstriction shunts blood away from the skin to the more vital organs in the body such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys). A patient with a mild foreign body airway obstruction: - Correct Answer is typically not cyanotic, can cough forcefully, adequate oxygen saturation Upon delivery of the baby's head, you note that the umbilical cord is wrapped around its neck. You should: - Correct Answer make one attempt to gently remove the cord from around its neck. The energy setting for a biphasic AED: - Correct Answer is manufacturer specific A 45-year-old male was stabbed in the left anterior chest. He is conscious, but restless. His skin is cool, clammy, his blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, his respirations are rapid and shallow, and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. Further assessment reveals that his breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally and his jugular veins are distended. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, you should: - Correct Answer cover the stab wound with an occlusive dressing, support ventilation as needed, and transport rapidly. Which of the following MOI would necessitate performing a rapid head-to- toe assessment? - Correct Answer A stable patient involved in a motor- vehicle crash, whose passenger was killed A 52-year-old woman crashed her minivan into a tree. She is pinned at the legs by the steering wheel and is semiconscious. After gaining access to the patient, you should: - Correct Answer perform a primary assessment and provide any lifesaving care before extrication. The primary clinical feature associated with exposure to a vesicant agent is: - Correct Answer skin blistering.

You are assessing a 66-year-old man who has emphysema and complains of worsened shortness of breath. He is confused, has a heart rate of 120 beats/min, and has an oxygen saturation of 83%. Which of the following assessment finding should concern you the MOST? - Correct Answer Confusion A patient presents with severe bradycardia, hypersalivation, vomiting, and excessive tearing. Which of the following agents would MOST likely cause his signs and symptoms? - Correct Answer Soman (nerve agent/organophosphate) To ensure you deliver the highest concentration of oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask, you should: - Correct Answer make sure that the reservoir bag is pre-inflated. Ischemic heart disease is a condition in which: - Correct Answer there is a decrease in blood flow to one or more portions of the heart muscle. A patient injured his arm and asks to be transported to a specific hospital because he has been there before. The EMT states that he does not feel the doctors there are competent and recommends a different hospital. The EMT's behavior is: - Correct Answer legal, but unethical. You are ventilating an apneic adult with a bag-valve-mask device and high- flow oxygen. Her pulse rate is 130 beats/min and she has cyanosis to her face and chest. The MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed ventilations in this patient is: - Correct Answer a decrease in her heart rate to 90 beats/min. Signs of adequate positive-pressure ventilation include: - Correct Answer improvement in heart rate, marked improvement in skin color, ventilation rate that is appropriate for the patient's age, and the presence of visible chest rise with each ventilation A 22-year-old female fell on her knee and is in severe pain. Her knee is flexed and severely deformed. Her leg is cold to the touch and you are unable to palpate a distal pulse. You should: - Correct Answer manually stabilize her injury and contact medical control for further stabilization instructions.

Which of the following is the MOST significant finding in a patient experiencing an allergic reaction? - Correct Answer Hoarseness, urticaria, headache, abdominal cramps are all signs; however, hoarseness is the most significant because it indicates upper airway swelling When caring for a patient with severe hypothermia who is in cardiac arrest, you should: - Correct Answer perform BLS and transport. You are called to a local park for an ill person. It is a hot day and the humidity is high. When you arrive, a bystander directs you to the patient, a young male who is semiconscious. His skin is flushed, hot, and moist. Your FIRST action in the management of this patient should be to: - Correct Answer move him to a cool area. Medications such as albuterol relieve respiratory distress by: - Correct Answer relaxing the smooth muscle of the bronchioles. The respiratory system functions by: - Correct Answer bringing oxygen into the lungs and eliminating carbon dioxide. Oxygen that is administered through a nasal cannula would be of LEAST benefit to a patient who: - Correct Answer breathes through his or her mouth. In which of the following situations is an emergency move of a patient from his or her wrecked vehicle clearly indicated? - Correct Answer Gas is leaking from the vehicle and there is a small fire in the engine compartment. Which of the following statements regarding the length-based resuscitation tape measure is correct? - Correct Answer The tape measure can be used in children who weigh up to 75 pounds. After stopping the burning process, emergency care for a 68-year-old male with partial and full-thickness burns to his chest and upper extremities includes all of the following, EXCEPT: - Correct Answer flushing the burns with cool water for 10 minutes.

A 60-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. You begin CPR while your partner applies the AED. What should you do if you receive a no shock message? - Correct Answer Resume CPR, starting with chest compressions. While triaging patients at a mass-casualty incident, you encounter a responsive middle-aged female with a respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min. What should you do next? - Correct Answer Assess for bilateral radial pulses A 30-year-old woman has an open deformity to her left leg and is in severe pain. She is conscious and alert, has a patent airway, and is breathing adequately. Your primary concern should be: - Correct Answer controlling any external bleeding. An unresponsive man has shallow, gurgling respirations at a rate of 8 breaths/min. Initial treatment should include: - Correct Answer suctioning of the oropharynx. You will know that the third stage of labor has begun when: - Correct Answer the entire baby has delivered. The bite of a brown recluse spider is characterized by: - Correct Answer delayed onset of pain, swelling, and blister formation at the site. In which position should you place an uninjured, unresponsive patient with a respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min and adequate tidal volume.? - Correct Answer Lateral recumbent (recovery position) A patient with a core body temperature of 94 F would MOST likely present with: - Correct Answer shivering and pale skin. An unresponsive patient with multi-system trauma has slow, shallow breathing; weak radial pulses; and severe bleeding from a lower extremity wound. You should direct your partner to: - Correct Answer assist the patient's ventilations while you control the bleeding. Upon arriving at the scene of an overturned tanker truck, you see a clear liquid leaking from the rear of the tank. The driver is still in the vehicle, and you can see that his face is covered with blood. You should: - Correct Answer request fire department assistance if they are not already en route.

Which of the following types of stroke would MOST likely present with a sudden severe headache? - Correct Answer Hemorrhagic (ruptured artery in the brain, resulting in intracerebral bleeding, and increased intracranial pressure) You should assist with the delivery of the baby's head by: - Correct Answer placing your fingers on the bony part of the skull and applying gentle pressure. Prior to being reoxygenated in the lungs, blood passes through the: - Correct Answer tricuspid and pulmonic valves. The lower airway begins at the: - Correct Answer larynx. If the EMT could initially only take two pieces of equipment to the side of a patient in cardiac arrest, which of the following should he or she select? - Correct Answer AED and suction device. After administering nitroglycerin to a patient with chest discomfort, it is MOST important for you to: - Correct Answer reassess the patient's blood pressure within 5 minutes. Which of the following vaccinations is NOT currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)? - Correct Answer Smallpox In general, you should avoid rewarming a frostbitten body part in the field if:

• Correct Answer the affected part could refreeze after rewarming. Signs consistent with hemorrhagic shock: - Correct Answer hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea Signs of intracranial pressure from head injury: - Correct Answer hypertension, bradycardia, and abnormal breathing (Cushing's triad) Cushing's triad - Correct Answer hypertension, bradycardia, abnormal breathing

Gravida | Para - Correct Answer gravida is the term for how many times a woman has been pregnant; para is the term used to describe the number of times a woman has carried a fetus beyond 28 weeks, regardless of whether the infant was born dead or alive. While providing initial ventilations to an apneic adult wit a bag-valve-mask device, you note minimal rise of the chest despite an adequate mask-to- face seal. You should: - Correct Answer increase the volume of your ventilations. The method by which you administer supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient depends MOSTLY on the: - Correct Answer severity of hypoxemia and adequacy of breathing You are called to an assisted living center where an attendant found a 72- year-old man unresponsive. The patient had recent hip surgery and has been taking Vicodin for pain. His respirations are slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. You should: - Correct Answer ventilate the patient with a bag-valve-mask device. Which of the following patients obviously needs positive-pressure ventilation assistance? - Correct Answer Responsive to pain only; respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min and shallow Which of the following ventilations techniques will enable you to provide the greatest tidal volume AND allow you to effectively assess lung compliance?

• Correct Answer one-rescuer mouth-to-mask ventilation According to the United States Department of Transportation, minimum staffing for a basic life support ambulance includes: - Correct Answer at least one EMT in the patient compartment. Average heart rate for an infant - Correct Answer 140 beats/min. When caring for a critically injured patient, it is MOST appropriate to perform your secondary assessment: - Correct Answer while you are en route to the hospital. A 45-year-old woman calls EMS because of severe chest pain. When you arrive, she advises you that she has taken two of her husband's

nitroglycerin tablets without relief. Her BP is 110/60 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min, her respirations are 16 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 95%. You should: - Correct Answer transport the patient without delay and monitor her blood pressure en route. The presence of subcutaneous emphysema following blunt trauma to the anterior neck should make you MOST suspicious for a: - Correct Answer fractured larynx. When driving in emergency mode on a multilane highway, the emergency vehicle operator should keep to the: - Correct Answer extreme left lane so motorists can yield to the right. Following the initial steps of resuscitation, a newborn remains apneic and cyanotic. You should: - Correct Answer begin ventilations with a bag- valve-mask. Hypoxia-induced unresponsiveness during a submersion injury is usually the result of: - Correct Answer laryngospasm. Damaged small blood vessels beneath the skin following blunt trauma cause: - Correct Answer ecchymosis A 50-year-old female complains of severe pain to the right lower quadrant of her abdomen. You should: - Correct Answer palpate the left upper quadrant of her abdomen first. Which of the following is a common side effect of nitroglycerin? - Correct Answer Headache You are at the scene where a man panicked while swimming in a small lake. Your initial attempt to rescue him should include: - Correct Answer reaching for the victim with a long stick. Which of the following statements regarding artificial ventilation of an apneic patient who has dentures is correct? - Correct Answer Tight-fitting dentures should be left in place because they facilitate the delivery of adequate tidal volume.

A 40-year-old man is conscious, but has an increased rate of breathing. You should: - Correct Answer assess the regularity and quality of breathing. A patient experienced blunt chest trauma and has asymmetrical chest wall movement. This MOST likely indicates: - Correct Answer decreased air movement into one lung. Failure of the EMT to obtain consent from a responsive patient before taking his or her blood pressure may constitute: - Correct Answer battery. Battery - Correct Answer Defined as unlawfully touching another person without his or her consent. Assault - Correct Answer Defined as instilling fear into another person, but does not necessarily involve actually touching him or her. During your assessment of an unresponsive adult female, you determine that she is apneic. You should: - Correct Answer assess for a carotid pulse. Snoring respirations in an unresponsive patient are MOST often the result of: - Correct Answer upper airway obstruction by the tongue. The technique of rapid extrication from a vehicle involves: - Correct Answer manually stabilizing the head, applying a cervical collar, and removing the patient from the vehicle onto a long backboard Rapid extrication VS emergency move - Correct Answer rapid extrication involves manually stabilizing the patient's head, applying cervical collar, backboard etc. while an emergency move is done with either your own or the patient's safety is in immediate danger, grab the patient by the clothing, protect the spine as much as possible, and dragging them from the vehicle A patient with a spinal injury may still be able to use his or her diaphragm to breath, but would lose control of the intercostal muscles, if the spinal cord is injured: - Correct Answer below the C5 level. After the baby's head delivers, it is usually tilted: - Correct Answer posteriorly, to one side.

An apneic patient has severe facial trauma and bleeding in the oropharynx. How should this situation be managed? - Correct Answer Alternate suctioning for 15 seconds and ventilations for 2 minutes. Which of the following signs or symptoms is/are more common in children than in adults following an isolated head injury? - Correct Answer nausea and vomiting. All of the following are considered key components at the scene of a mass- casualty incident, EXCEPT: - Correct Answer an on-scene emergency physician. Treatment for a patient with congestive heart failure and shortness of breath may include: - Correct Answer up to 3 doses of sublingual nitroglycerin. You are assessing a young male who was stabbed in the right lower chest. He is tachypneic, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. His jugular veins are collapsed and his breath sounds are equal bilaterally. You should suspect a: - Correct Answer liver laceration. A 7-year-old child has an altered mental status, high fever, and a generalized rash. You perform your assessment and administer supplemental oxygen. En route to the hospital, you should be MOST alert for: - Correct Answer convulsions. Which of the following injury mechanisms is associated with hangings? - Correct Answer Distraction (stretching) Which of the following statements regarding heatstroke is correct? - Correct Answer Not all patients experiencing heatstroke have dry skin. After drying, warming, and suctioning a newborn's mouth and nose, assessment reveals central cyanosis, a weak cry, and a heart rate of 60 beats/min. The EMT should: - Correct Answer ventilate with a bag-valve- mask at 40 to 60 breaths/min.

In contrast to the contractions associated with true labor, Braxton-Hicks contractions: - Correct Answer do not increase in intensity and are alleviated by a change in position. After restoring a pulse in a cardiac patient, you begin immediate transport. While en route to the hospital, the patient goes back into cardiac arrest. You should: - Correct Answer tell your partner to stop the ambulance. You arrive at the scene shortly after a 55-year-old man collapsed. Two bystanders are performing CPR. Your FIRST action should be to: - Correct Answer stop CPR so you can assess breathing and pulse. The MOST obvious way to reduce heat loss from radiation and convection is to: - Correct Answer move to a warmer environment. Upon arriving at the scene of a crash involving a large truck, you immediately note the presence of an orange placard on the side of the tank that the truck is pulling. This indicates that the vehicle is carrying a/an ____________ agent. - Correct Answer explosive. After assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin, you would NOT expect him or her to experience a: - Correct Answer syncopal episode. During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt facial trauma, you note the presence of a hyphema. This indicates: - Correct Answer direct trauma to the eyeball. An unresponsive apneic patient's chest fails to rise after two ventilation attempts. You should: - Correct Answer immediately proceed to chest compressions. Later sign of hepatitis? - Correct Answer Jaundice A patient whose artificial pacemaker has failed would MOST likely experience: - Correct Answer weakness and bradycardia. Hypoxia is defined as: - Correct Answer inadequate oxygen to the body's cells and tissues.

While caring for a trauma patient, blood splashes into an EMT's eyes. This is an example of: - Correct Answer exposure. A 48-year-old male became acutely hypoxic, experienced a seizure, and is now postictal. The MOST effective way to prevent another seizure is to: - Correct Answer administer high-flow supplemental oxygen. The chest pain associated with an acute coronary syndrome is often described as: - Correct Answer pressure Which of the following is an example of a primary blast injury? - Correct Answer Ruptured tympanic membrane. You are called to treat a 55-year-old man who is experiencing difficulty breathing. After making contact with your patient, he extends his arm out to allow you to take his blood pressure. This is an example of: - Correct Answer actual consent (expressed consent). A middle-aged woman took three of her prescribed nitroglycerin tablets after she began experiencing chest pain. She complains of a bad headache and is still experiencing chest pain. You should assume that: - Correct Answer she has ongoing cardiac ischemia.