NRS 410V Week 1 Assignment, Assess your Knowledge of Foundational Concepts., Exams of Nursing

Download NRS 410V Week 1 Assignment, Assess your Knowledge of Foundational Concepts. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Total Score: 100 % 1 CATEGORY anatomy QUESTION Which of the following is true of the biological functions of testosterone? CORRECT ANSWER D) Testosterone is needed for development of male secondary sexual characteristics. YOUR ANSWER D) Testosterone is needed for development of male secondary sexual characteristics. RATIONALE Testosterone is needed for development of male secondary sexual characteristics. 2 CATEGORY anatomy QUESTION Oxygen saturation is likely to be lowest when an asthmatic with a diagnosis of pneumonia is positioned: CORRECT ANSWER C) Lying on the right side YOUR ANSWER C) Lying on the right side RATIONALE Ventilation and perfusion distribute to the dependent lung fields. In a patient with pneumonia in the right lung, positioning with the right lung down would send more blood flow to the consolidated, nonventilated areas of the lung and produce a worse V/Q mismatch, which would decrease oxygen diffusion into the blood and produce a lower arterial oxygen saturation. 3 CATEGORY anatomy QUESTION Backward effects of left-sided heart failure include: CORRECT ANSWER A) Pulmonary congestion YOUR ANSWER A) Pulmonary congestion RATIONALE Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle flows through the right and left pulmonary arteries to the right and left lung. After entering the lungs, the branches subdivide, finally emerging as capillaries which surround the alveoli and release the carbon dioxide in exchange for oxygen. The capillaries unite gradually and assume the characteristics of veins. These veins join to form the pulmonary veins, which return the oxygenated blood to the left atrium. Backflow of blood through the left atrium result in left-sided heart failure. 4 CATEGORY anatomy QUESTION In performing a physical assessment, the nurse notes the patient has a “barrel― configuration to the chest. This is a consequence of: CORRECT ANSWER D) Increased residual lung volume YOUR ANSWER D) Increased residual lung volume RATIONALE Emphysema typically produces a barrel –shaped chest with an increased anterior-posterior dimension. This is a result of loss of lung parenchyma resulting in reduced elastic recoil and increased residual volume and functional residual capacity. 5 CATEGORY anatomy QUESTION Ausculation of the chest reveals bilateral fine crackles in the bases bilaterally, indicating: CORRECT ANSWER B) Left-sided heart failure YOUR ANSWER B) Left-sided heart failure RATIONALE This occurs because valve dysfunction creates abnormally high pressures in the cardiac chambers and in the pulmonary capillary bed. Isolated right-sided heart failure would not cause pulmonary congestion; it would present as edema in the systemic circulation. 6 CATEGORY biology QUESTION In addition to hypertension, pre-eclampsia is characterized by: CORRECT ANSWER C) Protein in the urine and edema YOUR ANSWER C) Protein in the urine and edema RATIONALE In addition to elevated blood pressure, retention of fluid leading to edema and leakage of protein into the urine are usually found in pregnancy induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia). Nausea, vomiting, fatigue and back pain are common findings of normal pregnancy. 7 CATEGORY biology QUESTION What is the function of hemoglobin? CORRECT ANSWER A) Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen to the cells of the body. YOUR ANSWER A) Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen to the cells of the body. RATIONALE Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries oxygen from the respiratory organs to the rest of the body. 8 CATEGORY biology QUESTION Closed drainage systems work to re-expand a lung after pneumothorax by: CORRECT ANSWER A) Re-establishing the normal negative intrapleural pressure. YOUR ANSWER A) Re-establishing the normal negative intrapleural pressure. RATIONALE The effect of closed chest drainage is to re-establish negative pressure within the pleural space to encourage re-expansion of the affected lung alveoli. 9 CATEGORY biology QUESTION Patients with chronic renal failure usually exhibit: CORRECT ANSWER C) Hypocalcemia YOUR ANSWER C) Hypocalcemia RATIONALE Hypocalcemia is a common feature in renal failure because the kidneys fail to produce activated vitamin D, which then interferes with the absorption of calcium from the diet. In addition, the kidneys are unable to efficiently rid the body of phosphate because a low GFR, which contributes to hormonal dysregulation associated with hypocalcemia. 19 CATEGORY pathophysiology QUESTION A patient with a prolonged episode of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea has an ABG ordered on admission. You might expect the results to show: CORRECT ANSWER A) Metabolic acidosis YOUR ANSWER A) Metabolic acidosis RATIONALE Diarrhea and intestinal fistulas may cause decreased levels of base. Signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis include nausea and vomiting and diarrhea. 20 CATEGORY pathophysiology QUESTION Interpret the following ABG results. pH 7.21 pCO₂ 60 HCO₃ 24 CORRECT ANSWER B) Respiratory acidosis without compensation YOUR ANSWER B) Respiratory acidosis without compensation RATIONALE pH 7.21 (acid), pCO2 60 (acid), HCO3 24 (normal). Step one of arterial blood gas interpretation requires that you identify whether the pH, pCO2 and HCO3 are abnormal. The two matching values determine what the problem is. When an acid-base disorder is either uncompensated or partially compensated, the pH remains outside the normal range. 21 CATEGORY pharmacology QUESTION Your patient is interested in trying medication to improve low mood / depression. All of the following medications might be appropriate except: CORRECT ANSWER D) Benzodiazepines YOUR ANSWER D) Benzodiazepines RATIONALE Benzodiazepines increase the effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. The result is sedation, reduced anxiety, decreased neuromuscular activity and amnesia. These would be inappropriate for depression at this point. 22 CATEGORY pharmacology QUESTION What is the medical application of cortisone? Cortisone is used to treat: CORRECT ANSWER A) Rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, gastrointestinal disorders, and a variety of skin conditions. YOUR ANSWER A) Rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, gastrointestinal disorders, and a variety of skin conditions. RATIONALE Cortisone is a steroid hormone that prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation. 23 CATEGORY pharmacology QUESTION How do sulfa drugs selectively kill bacteria while causing no harm to humans? CORRECT ANSWER C) Humans are not harmed because we do not synthesize our own folic acid. It is obtained in the diet. YOUR ANSWER C) Humans are not harmed because we do not synthesize our own folic acid. It is obtained in the diet. RATIONALE /file/1 The vitamin, Folic acid, is needed for the synthesis of a coenzyme, responsible for producing the amino acid methionine and the purine and pyrimidine nitrogenious bases for DNA and RNA. Sulfa drug binds to the enzyme, prohibiting the production of folic acid, and leading to 9t7h2e13c1e3/sAsrtaertiiaol-nBloofodb-Gioass-yRnetvhieews/ is of methionine and nitrogenous bases. These changes destroy microorganism. As we obtain folic acid through our diet, rather than creating it ourselves, there are no harmful effects. 24 CATEGORY pharmacology QUESTION The purposes of epinephrine injection include all of the following except: CORRECT ANSWER D) Blocking histamine receptors. YOUR ANSWER D) Blocking histamine receptors. RATIONALE Epinephrine is effective as an acute treatment for type I hypersensitivity reactions to bee stings because it binds to B2 receptors in bronchioles and may inhibit bronchoconstriction. It also stimulates the heart to help maintain blood pressure, which may fall because of vasodilatory effects of histamine. Epinephrine also helps reduce further release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells. Epinephrine does not bind to or block histamine receptors. 25 CATEGORY pharmacology QUESTION Therapeutic interventions focused on increasing the oxygen supplied to the heart and decreasing the heart’s demand for oxygen include: CORRECT ANSWER C) Morphine sulphate YOUR ANSWER C) Morphine sulphate RATIONALE Morphine can reduce myocardial oxygen consumption by reducing the preload of the heart. It does this by causing venodilation and pooling of blood in the periphery. If the person is experiencing pain or anxiety, morphine can reduce the sympathetic activation of the heart caused by these symptoms. The other drugs might be expected to improve oxygen delivery to the heart but would not decrease oxygen utilization by the heart. Page 6