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NSG 124 EXAM 1: 2025/2025 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
What are the 5 steps of the nursing process? - CORRECT ANSWERS- assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation What drugs are considered laxatives? - CORRECT ANSWERS- psyllium (Metamucil), docusate sodium (Colace), bisacodyl (Dulcolax), magnesium hydroxide (Miralax) Bulk forming laxatives MOA - CORRECT ANSWERS- absorbs water to increase bulk and weight of stool psyllium (Metamucil) Surfactant laxatives MOA - CORRECT ANSWERS- stool softener; detergent action allows water and fat to penetrate the stool, making it softer and easier to eliminate Stimulant laxatives MOA - CORRECT ANSWERS- increases peristalsis via intestinal nerve stimulation bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
Osmotic laxatives MOA - CORRECT ANSWERS- increase water content, but not bulk of stool magnesium hydroxide (Miralax) What medications are used for irritable and inflammatory bowel? - CORRECT ANSWERS- dicyclomine, psyllium, loperamide, elavil, sulfasalazine Antiemetics MOA - CORRECT ANSWERS- Most work by blocking one of the vomiting pathways Antidiarrheals MOA - CORRECT ANSWERS- decreases motility, causing more water to be absorbed by large intestine What drugs are considered antiemetics, motions sickness drugs, & antidiarrheals? - CORRECT ANSWERS- ondansetron (Zofran), dexamethazone, aprepitant (Emend), prochlorerazine (Compazine), diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Local anesthetics MOA - CORRECT ANSWERS- block sodium channels
Drug-Food Interactions - CORRECT ANSWERS- when food changes the way a drug affects the body Drug-herbal interactions - CORRECT ANSWERS- occur when herbal or dietary supplements increase or decrease a drugs effects Malignant hyperthermia - CORRECT ANSWERS- Uncontrolled heat production after receiving anesthetics Inhibitor - CORRECT ANSWERS- A material that decreases the rate of a reaction antagonist drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS- drugs that block or change the effects of an addictive drug agonist drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS- stimulate neurotransmitter receptor sites Bioavailability - CORRECT ANSWERS- the extent to which the body can absorb and use a nutrient Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWERS- the study of drug movement throughout the body
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWERS- The study of what the drug does to the body Enteral - CORRECT ANSWERS- Within the intestines or alimentary canal, used to refer to Tube feedings administered via NG, Nasointestinal, or PEG Priority nursing assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS- A: Airway B: Breathing C: Circulation Example of bulk laxative - CORRECT ANSWERS- psyllium (Metamucil) Example of surfactant laxative - CORRECT ANSWERS- docusate sodium (Colace) Example of stimulant laxative - CORRECT ANSWERS- bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Example of osmotic laxative - CORRECT ANSWERS- magnesium hydroxide (Miralax)
drug-drug interactions - CORRECT ANSWERS- when one drug changes the way another drug affects the body Minimizing Adverse Drug-Drug Interactions - CORRECT ANSWERS- Minimize number of drugs a patient receives. Take a thorough drug history. Be aware of the possibility of illicit drug use. Adjust the dosage when metabolizing inducers are added or deleted. Adjust the timing of administration to minimize interference with absorption. Monitor for early signs of toxicity. Be especially vigilant when patient is taking a drug with a low therapeutic index. Adverse Reactions - CORRECT ANSWERS- undesirable drug effect Side effect - CORRECT ANSWERS- the secondary effect of a drug that is unintended Toxicity - CORRECT ANSWERS- adverse drug reaction caused by excessive dosing
Allergic reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS- immune response caused by hypersensitivity not dosage Idiosyncratic effect - CORRECT ANSWERS- an uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition Paradoxical effect - CORRECT ANSWERS- the opposite of the intended drug response Iatrogenic disease - CORRECT ANSWERS- condition caused by medical treatment Physical dependence - CORRECT ANSWERS- a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued Cacinogenic effect - CORRECT ANSWERS- cancer causing Teratogenic - CORRECT ANSWERS- ability to cause birth defects or fetal death
C: greater risk than B; animal studies show risk of fetal harm, no studies have been done in women D: proven risk of fetal harm X: proven risk of fetal harm--definite risk of fetal abnormality Pharmacokinetic changes in older adults - CORRECT ANSWERS- decreased renal function, more likely to have adverse reactions, lower BMI, more likely to be dehydrated, fattier What drugs are used for muscle spasms and pain - CORRECT ANSWERS- baclofen, dantrolene, and cyclobenzaprine baclofen (therapeutic use) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Central acting skeletal muscle relaxant (long term) dantrolene (therapeutic use) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Direct acting skeletal muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine (therapeutic use) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Central acting skeletal muscle relaxant (short term local effect)
Drugs for muscle spasm and pain (adverse effects) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Drowsiness, Dizziness, Weakness, Fatigue, Confusion, Headache, Insomnia, Nausea, Constipation, Urinary frequency Drugs for muscle spasm and pain (contraindications/precautions) - CORRECT ANSWERS- previous allergy to the drug, severe renal impairment, older adults and children Classification of opioids - CORRECT ANSWERS- Pure opioid agonists Agonist-antagonist opioids Pure opioid antagonists Opioid therapeutic uses - CORRECT ANSWERS- alleviates moderate to severe pain from surgery, trauma, or cancer, cough center suppressant, diarrhea treatment Opioid pharmacologic action - CORRECT ANSWERS- acts on receptors causing euphoria and loss of consciousness What is the main opioid antagonist? - CORRECT ANSWERS- naloxone (Narcan)
Hepatotoxicity Second generation NSAIDs - CORRECT ANSWERS- blocks only COX- receptors First generation NSAIDs - CORRECT ANSWERS- blocks COX-1 and COX- 2 receptors diphenhydramine (Benadryl) therapeutic use - CORRECT ANSWERS- used to treat allergies and motion sickness (first gen H1 antagonist) fexofenadine (Allegra) therapeutic use - CORRECT ANSWERS- used to treat allergies or excessive stomach acide (second gen H1 antagonist) First generation H1 antagonist mechanism of action - CORRECT ANSWERS- blocks H1 receptor but also block CNS receptors causing sedating effect Second generation H1 antagonist mechanism of action - CORRECT ANSWERS- blocks histamine receptors, but is more selective causing less sedative properties
What drugs are considered NSAIDs? - CORRECT ANSWERS- aspirin, ibuproen (Advil, Motrin), celecoxib (Celebrex) acetaminophen (mechanism of action) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS acetaminophen (adverse effects) - CORRECT ANSWERS- hepatotoxicity, nausea/ vomiting, abdominal pain acetaminophen (Tylenol) (therapeutic use) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Analgesia for mild to moderate pain Fever reduction Does not have anti-inflammatory properties Signs of acute toxicity acetaminophen - CORRECT ANSWERS- nausea/vomiting, confusion, hypotension, jaundice, liver & kidney failure What drugs are considered glucocorticoids? - CORRECT ANSWERS- hydrocortisone, prednisone (Deltasone) hydrocortisone (therapeutic use) - CORRECT ANSWERS- allergies, reduces itchiness, redness, and swelling
