NSG 522 FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM, Exams of Nursing

Download NSG 522 FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NSG 522 FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION During a routine screening examination an adult women is identified as having a significantly elevated blood Hemoglobin A1C level. The woman has no history of disease and no signs or symptoms of health problems. This finding would be indicative of which stage of disease? Stage of susceptibilty. Stage of clinical disease. Stage of preclinical disease. The stage of disease cannot be determined with the information provided. Stage of preclinical disease Which of the following can be vehicles? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Soiled bedding. Contaminated food Mosquitoes Eating utensils Ticks Soiled bedding contaminated food Eating utensils Health equity means that everyone in the population should receive exactly the same health services. True, False False Vaccinating a woman during pregnancy is an example of SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Passive immunity for the mother. Secondary prevention for the infant. Primary prevention for the mother. All of the above. Primary prevention for the mother Most diseases are caused by a single causal factor. True False False Transmission of gonorrhea during penis-in-vagina intercourse is an example of which mode of transmission? Droplet Inirect Vectorborne. Direct Vehicleborne Direct Treatment of adult onset hypertension identified through blood pressure screening would be an example of A. Primary prevention. B. Secondary prevention. C. Tertiary prevention. D. The level of prevention cannot be determined without knowing the actual blood pressure values. Secondary Prevention A risk factor is a behavior or exposure that causes a disease or injury. True False False Screening tests are used to identify people in which stage of disease? Clinical Preclinical Susceptibility Recovery Preclinical Prevention of pneumonia by administering the the pneumonia vaccine to older adults would be an example of which type of prevention? Primary Seconday Tertiary Primary and secondary Primary Some cancers are also classified as communicable diseases. True False True The Bradford Hill criteria are used to Identify the social determinants of health. Achieve health equity. Determine whether there is a causal association. Describe the chain of infection. Determine whether there is a casual association Which of the following factors are known to be health determinants? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Genetics Nutrition Social support Neighborhood Education Genetics Nutrition Social Support Neighborhood Education If a person has a risk factor for a disease, that means that they will eventually develop the disease. True False False Using physical therapy for rehabilitation after a stroke is an example of what type of Primary prevention. Primordial prevention. Secondary prevention. Tertiary prevention. None of the above. Tertiary prevention Which of the following types of studies is a descriptive epidemiological study design? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Case-control study Ecological study Randomized controlled clinical trial The population is always specified. The period of time is always specified the population is always specified Descriptive epidemiology focuses on which of the following questions about health-related states and events? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Who? Where? Why? When? Who Where When A ratio always includes a measure of time. True False False Adjusted rates are used to control for the effects of variables such as age on a health outcome. True False True Analytic epidemiology examines the frequency and pattern of health-related states and events. True False False What type of graphic display monitors and compares the age of a population over time? Population pyramid Spot map Epidemic curve scatter plot Population pyramid When searching for accurate health related data, the best place to search would be Professional organizations Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Consumer interest groups Any of the above would be appropriate Centers for Disease control and prevention A proportion is a simple count of the number of people in the population with a disease or health- related condition. True False False The incidence of a disease is a measure of the number of people in the population who currently have the disease. True False False Which of the following health indicators is most commonly used to compare the health of a different countries? Neonatal mortality rate Overall mortality rate Infant mortality rate Perinatal mortality rate infant mortality rate Which of the following terms is used to describe the number of new cases of a disease during a specified time interval in a specified population? Period prevalence Period incidence Relative risk Incidence proportion Frequency Incidence proportion The terminology incidence rate and period prevalence can be used interchangeably. True False False Randomized controlled trial Prospective cohort study Case-control study Prospective cohort study If there is a statistically significant association between a risk factor and an outcome, that means that the risk factor causes the outcome. True False False The hormone therapy intervention phase of the Women's Health Initiative is an example of what type of research design? Observational study Randomized clinical trial Prospective cohort study Community intervention trial. Randomized clinical trial Which of the following research designs are observational studies? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) Retrospective cohort studies Randomized controlled trials Systematic reviews Nonrandomized trials Case-control studies Retrospective cohort studies Case-cohort studies The focus of analytic epidemiology is to examine the distribution of health-related states and events. True False False Which of the following types of single study designs provides the strongest level of evidence to determine cause and effect? Nonrandomized trials Prospective cohort study Case-control study Randomized controlled trial Randomized controlled trials Cochrane reviews are at the top of the evidence pyramid. True False True Which of the following types of research designs is always a retrospective study? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) Quasi-experiment Cohort study Case-control study Cross-sectional study Case-control study The terms incidence proportion and relative risk can be used interchangeably. True False False Which of the following types of study designs provides the highest level of evidence? Cross-sectional study Case-control study Case series Ecological stud Case control study A new preoperative bathing product is studied to see if it is associated with a reduction in surgical site infections in hospitalized older adults. The relative risk of a surgical site infection was 1.11 [95% CI: 0.97, 1.24] in the intervention group. This risk statistic means that There is not an increased risk of infection in the intervention group. The risk of an infection was reduced by 11%. There is a significant difference between the groups. There a decreased risk of infection in the intervention group. A case-control study is an experimental study design. True False False A prospective cohort study examines sodium intake and the subsequent development of hypertension. The relative risk of hypertension in people with high sodium diets is 2.1 [CI: 1.4-2.8]. The researcher should conclude There is a significantly increased risk of hypertension in people with high sodium diets. There is not a significantly increased risk of hypertension in people with high sodium diets. There is an increased risk of hypertension in people who consume a high sodium diet but the risk is not statistically significant. The risk of hypertension cannot be determined with the information provided. There is a significantly increased risk of hypertension in people with high sodium diets The case definition of a disease is An operational definition of the disease. A conceptual definition of the disease. An international definition of the disease. an operational definition of the disease Screening is an example of which level of prevention? Primary Secondary Tertiary Primary and Secondary Secondary During the acute phase of an outbreak of a disease, public health officials study Only the people who have the disease. Both healthy people and people affected by the disease in the same population. People with similar conditions in other populations. Only the people with clinical and preclinical disease. Both healthy people and people affected by the disease in the same population. The positive predictive value of a test describes The probability that a person with a positive test actually has the disease. The overall prevalence of the disease in the population tested. The overall prevalence of the disease in the population tested. The sensitivity of the test in the people who actually have the disease. The probability that a person with a positive test actually has the disease. A spot map is used for which of the following activities? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) Displaying the time of the exposure for each of the cases. Displaying the geographic location of the exposure for each of the cases. Displaying the propagation of the epidemic. Displaying the geographic location of the residences of each of the cases. Displaying the geographic location of the exposure for each of the cases. Displaying the geographic location of the residences of each of the cases. During an outbreak of a disesase, case definitions always include laboratory confirmation of the disease or causative agent. True False False The ability of a screening test to correctly identify which people do not have the disease that the test is designed to identify is known as the _______________ of the test. Positive predictive value Sensitivity Endemic level of the disease. Incidence of the disease. Endemic level of the disease Screening is used to identify disease in which of the following stages of disease? Preclinical Susceptibility Recovery Clinical Preclinical An outbreak of disease that occurs in multiple countries on different continents is classified as a/an Epidemic Hyperepidemic Endemic Pandemic Pandemic If a person has a postive screening test for the disease and has the disease, the results would be considered a False positive test. True negative test. True positive test. False negative test. True positive test An epidemic curve is used to Document the survival of each of the cases. Display the outcomes of of each of the cases. Document the time when each of the new cases occurred. Depict the geographic location of each of the new cases. Document the time when each of the new case occured A sscreening test that has high sensitivity and high specificity would be consider a valid test. True False True When investigating an outbreak, investigators compare the rate of gastroenteritis in people who eat the egg salad at an event to the rate of gastroenteritis in the people who did not eat the egg salad at the same event. The odds ratio was 4.8 (CI: 2.0, 7.6). This finding indicates that The people who ate the egg salad were at significantly great risk of gastroenteritis. The egg salad can be eliminated as a potential cause of the gastroenteritis. The people who ate the egg salad appeared to have a higher risk of gastroenteritis but the difference was not significant. The people who did not eat the egg salad were at significantly greater risk of gastroenteritis. The people who ate the egg salad were at significantly great risk of gastroenteritis The ability to obtain the same results of a screening test when the test is repeated indicates that the test is a valid test for the disease. True False False Original The incubation period for an infectious disease is occurs during which stage of disease? Stage of clinical disease.