NU 650 Final Exam SG (145 Quizzes) with 100% Verified Answers 2023-2024., Exams of Nursing

Download NU 650 Final Exam SG (145 Quizzes) with 100% Verified Answers 2023-2024. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

Order of Assessment - Exact Answer: Inspection, Palpation, Percussion and Auscultation. EXCEPT with abdomen Comprehensive Health History - Exact Answer: chief complaint, reason for visit, ROS, past medical and surgical history, social history and family history Pediatric Body measurements - Exact Answer: length, height, weight, head circumference from birth to 36 months Normal/Hypertension cut off - Exact Answer: <130 normal 140+ hypertension Fontanel Closure - Exact Answer: posterior 1-2 months, anterior 9mo- 2years otoscope - Exact Answer: adult-up and back, peds- down and back, using largest speculum that will fit comfortably tympanic membrane - Exact Answer: Cone of light R-5 l-

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

EOM testing - Exact Answer: CN III, IV, VI AP diameter of chest - Exact Answer: 1:2 (AP less than transverse) barrel chest - Exact Answer: COPD Flat or Dull percussion - Exact Answer: effusion or pneumonia normal resonant percussion - Exact Answer: healthy lung Hyperresonance (percussion) - Exact Answer: trapped air crackles/rales - Exact Answer: high pitched, discontinuous Wheezes - Exact Answer: high-pitched whistling or squeaking sounds during inspiration or expiration Rhonchi - Exact Answer: snoring, rumbling sounds heard upon auscultation of the chest during respiration-low pitched

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

tactile fremitus - Exact Answer: • INCREASED FREMITUS

• Means there is liquid or solid inside the lungs (consolidation such as with pneumonia)
• Remember Liquid or solid transmits vibrations better than air
• DECREASED FREMITUS Means air trapping such as with emphysema or bronchial obstruction. Bronchophony - Exact Answer: the spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung tissue, clearer over disease Egophony - Exact Answer: abnormal change in tone of voice that is heard when auscultating the lungs EE-->AA UE Arteries - Exact Answer: radial-thumb side, ulnar pinky side Pulse grading - Exact Answer: 0 absent 1+ weak

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2+ normal 3+ increased 4+ bounding palpate bilaterally PMI - Exact Answer: point of maximal impulse mid-clavicular and 5th ICS S1 - Exact Answer: normal, closure of AV, Start of systole, loudest at Apex, contraction of ventricles S2 - Exact Answer: normal, closure of semilunar, end of systole, loudest at base, filling of ventricles S3 - Exact Answer: third heart sound (normal in pregnant young adults, and children), gallop S4 - Exact Answer: extra heart sound, end of diastole, indicative of disease-AFIB

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murmur grading scale - Exact Answer: I-Barely Audible II-Quiet, Clearly Audible III-moderately Loud IV-loud, thrill V-Very loud, can palpate thrill VI-Very loud, thrill palpable and visible clubbing - Exact Answer: bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions edema scale - Exact Answer: 1+ = disappears rapidly. 2+ = last 10- seconds. 3+ = lasts more than one minute. 4+ = lasts 2-5 minutes. These are signs used in what scale? normal/abnormal findings spleen - Exact Answer: normal=tympanic, dullness could be enlargement not normally felt on exam Blumberg Sign: Rebound Test - Exact Answer: peritoneal inflammation, hurts more when release from palpation

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shifting dullness - Exact Answer: a sign of free peritoneal fluid wherein the dullness of percussion shifts, generally from one side to the other, as the patient is turned from side to side. Psoas sign - Exact Answer: RLQ pain with extension of right thigh indicative of appendicitis Obturator sign - Exact Answer: RLQ on internal rotation of right thigh indicative of appendicitis assessment of hernia - Exact Answer: pt may report a lump. observe pt while lying and standing, hernia may disappear while lying. ask pt to strain or perform Valsalva maneuver and observe for bulging. absent bowel sounds may indicate strangulation. cardinal signs of Musculoskeletal disease - Exact Answer: pain, erythema, swelling, increased warmth, deformity, loss of function Scoliosis - Exact Answer: abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

kyphosis - Exact Answer: excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back. Knock-knee (genu valgum) - Exact Answer: Legs curved inward so knees come together as person walks bow-legged - Exact Answer: knees too far apart anatomic snuffbox - Exact Answer: landmark depression on the radial aspect of the dorsal wrist; overlays the scaphoid bone Impingement Sign - Exact Answer: POSITIVE: pain in the shoulder INDICATES: overuse injury to the supraspinatus and possibly biceps tendon Drop Arm Test - Exact Answer: identifies tear and/or full rupture of rotator cuff

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

Allen test - Exact Answer: determining the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries by compressing one artery site and observing return of skin color as evidence of patency of the other artery Phalen's sign - Exact Answer: Tingling, numbness, or pain in the fingers within 60 seconds of performing Phalen's maneuver, a diagnostic test for carpal tunnel syndrome Tinel's sign - Exact Answer: A distal tingling sensation on percussion of median nerve of the inner wrist; characteristic of carpal tunnel syndrome Drawer Test - knee - Exact Answer: Patient supine, examiner flexes the hip and the knee of the patient's affected leg until the foot is flat on the table. Examiner sits on the foot of thepatient's afectedleg. Examinergrasps behindthe patient'sflexed knee and exerts a pushing and pulling pressure into the affected knee. +(1) Gapping > 6mm (tibia moves posterior) when the leg is pushed. +(2) same when the leg is pulled. INDIC:(1) Torn posterior cruciate ligament.

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(2) Torn anterior cruciate ligament. Confirmation Test: Lachman'sTest Lachman's Test - Exact Answer: pivot shift test (ACL tear) Ballottment sign - Exact Answer: medical sign which indicates increased fluid over the patella at the knee joint Straight Leg Raise Test - Exact Answer: test often performed to determine whether a patient with low back pain has an underlying herniated disk or sciatica Cerebrum vs cerebellum - Exact Answer: cerebrum-mental status, cerebellum-balance gait Cranial Nerves - Exact Answer: I. Olfactory-smell II. Optic-VA III. Oculomotor-EOM, PERRLA IV. Trochlear-EOM V. Trigeminal-facial sensation, chewing

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VI. Abducens-EOM VII. Facial-face actions VIII. Vestibulocochlear-hearing IX. Glossopharyngeal-gag, tongue X. Vagus-ahh XI. Accessory-raise shoulders XII. Hypoglossal-ahh Weber test - Exact Answer: Test done by placing the stem of a vibrating tuning fork on the midline of the head and having the patient indicate in which ear the tone can be heard. conductive in lateral side or sensory in opposite Rinne test - Exact Answer: hearing test using a tuning fork; checks for differences in bone conduction and air conduction rinne usually conductive hearing loss Muscle strength scale - Exact Answer: 0 - no movement 1 - flicker of muscle 2 - joint movement, not against gravity

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3 - moves against gravity, not resistance 4 - moves against resistance, but weak 5 - strong against resistance. Denominator is always 5. Strength is only tested with "normal" movement pronator drift test - Exact Answer: Have pt stretch out arms with palms facing up and close eyes. Positive if one arm goes downward or drifts. Romberg test - Exact Answer: assesses ability of vestibular apparatus in inner ear to help maintain standing balance Reflex grading scale - Exact Answer: 0= no response, always abnormal 1+ = diminishes/depressed response, may or may not be normal 2+ = active normal response, normal 3+ = Brisk/exaggerated response, may or may not be normal 4+ = Very brisk/hyperactive: abnormal response, always abnormal

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

Babinski reflex - Exact Answer: in response to the sole of the foot being stroked, a baby's big toe moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot and the other toes fan out Position sense (proprioception) - Exact Answer: Passively move the great toe up and down by grasping along the sides of the interphalangeal joint only a few mms. and ask patient which direction you are moving the toe Reduced perception (including falsely perceived motion) indicates large- fiber disease or DM Graphesthesia - Exact Answer: ability to recognize writing on the skin purely by the sensation of touch Sterognosis test - Exact Answer: identifying object with eyes closed Two point discrimination test - Exact Answer: provides a measure of receptive field size for touch receptors.

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Moro reflex (startle reflex) - Exact Answer: Sudden loud noise will cause symmetric abduction and extension of the arms followed by adduction and fl exion of the arms over the body. Disappears by 3 to 4 months. ■ Absence on one side: Rule out brachial plexus injury, fracture, shoulder dystocia. ■ Absence on both sides: Rule out spinal cord or brain lesion. ■ Older infant: Persistence of Moro refl ex abnormal. Rule out brain pathology. rooting reflex - Exact Answer: a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple, 3-4 months palmar grasp reflex - Exact Answer: in response to stroking a baby's palm, the baby's hand will grasp. This reflex lasts a few months gone by 3-4 months Prostate screening - Exact Answer: Yearly PSA blood test and digital rectal examination starting at age 50 or at age 45 if at high risk

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testicular self-examination - Exact Answer: a self-help step in early detection of testicular cancer by detecting lumps, swelling, or changes in the skin of the scrotum, 1 x per month with warm water in shower breast self-examination - Exact Answer: a self-care procedure for the early detection of breast cancer, raise arms for retraction or dimpling, best done 5-7 days after period Pap smear test - Exact Answer: microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix, in order form vag pool, cervical scrape, endocervical infant milestones - Exact Answer: 2 months - holds up head 4 months - rolls from abdomen to back 7 months - sits alone 9 months - crawls 8 - 15 months - standing with support & walking neonate - palmer grasp reflex teething at 6 months

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aortic stenosis murmur - Exact Answer: second right intercostal, crescendo-decrescendo Aortic regurgitation murmur - Exact Answer: early diastolic murmur- high pitched "blowing" Mitral stenosis murmur - Exact Answer: "early to mid diastolic low pitch rumble murmur best heard at apex in left lateral decubitus position. May also have presystolic murmur." Mitral regurgitation murmur - Exact Answer: pansystolic murmur, loudest at the apex with radiation to the axilla MR PASS MVP - Exact Answer: mitral regurgitation, physiologic, aortic stenosis, systolic MS ARD - Exact Answer: Mitral Stenosis Aortic

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Regurgitation Diastolic AS SAD - Exact Answer: Aortic stenosis syncope, angina, dyspnea harsh sounds murmur - Exact Answer: stenosis blowing sounds murmur - Exact Answer: regurgitation Tanner stage girls - Exact Answer: Stage 1-Prepuberty Stage 2-Brest bud(onset of thelarche or breast development) Stage 3-Breast tissue and areola are in one mound Stage 4-Areola/nipples separate and form a secondary mound) Stage 5-Adult pattern Tanner stage Boys - Exact Answer: 1. Prepuberty II. enlargement of scrotum & testes III. lengthening of penis IV. increase in size of penis V. Mature stage

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direct hernia - Exact Answer: inguinal hernia does not extend into scrotum, external ring, most common men over 50 Indirect hernia - Exact Answer: most common goes through internal inguinal ring, most common will touch finger tip, Will extend into scrotum Fibrocystic breast disease - Exact Answer: benign, fluid filled cysts, tender to touch, vary in size with periods, caffeine may exacerbate -estrogen and progesterone dependent rope like Fibroadenoma - Exact Answer: a round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast Cysts in breast - Exact Answer: Squishy (can move and change in size during menstrual cycle)

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breast cancer - Exact Answer: a carcinoma that develops from the cells of the breast and can spread to adjacent lymph nodes and other body sites, nodular, fixed, non mobile Cervical Motion Tenderness (CMT) - Exact Answer: tenderness when moving the cerix (during bimanual exam) (PE GU) pain and temperature - Exact Answer: spinothalamic tract position and vibration sense - Exact Answer: posterior column Discrimination - Exact Answer: cortex and tract/column breast cancer risk factors - Exact Answer: age, family history, early menses, null/late parity, hormone replacement testicular cancer risk factors - Exact Answer: Cryptochordism, prior testicular cancer or family hx; race (Caucasian 5X greater risk than African American)

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

Baker's cyst - Exact Answer: accumulation of synovial fluid in the knee joint rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - Exact Answer: chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body herbeden's (DIP) and bouchard's nodes(PIP) - Exact Answer: OA McMurray Test - Exact Answer: compression of the meniscus of the knee combined with internal and external rotation while the patient is face-up to assess the integrity of the meniscus Osteoporosis T score - Exact Answer: T score < -2. Osteopenia T score - Exact Answer: between -1 and -2. Joint types - Exact Answer: 1. Ball -and-Socket joint: Allows movement in all directions (hip & shoulder joints) 2. Hinge Joint: Allows movement

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

in one direction (elbow) 3. Pivot Joint: Allows turning from side to side (a pivot joint connects the skull to the spine) Ortolani test - Exact Answer: -hip abduction w/a resulting clunk as the head relocates into the joint Allis test - Exact Answer: used to check for hip dislocation in infants by comparing leg lengths. Place on back on the table with feet flat on the table and flex knees up. Looking for uneven/even height of knees. Finkelstein's test - Exact Answer: stretching or lengthening of the thumb tendon to assess the possibility of de Quervain's disease, or tenosynovitis of the thumb tendon Trigger Finger - Exact Answer: Inflammation and thickening of the tendons of the finger makes it difficult to flex or extend the finger, may become stuck and then snap into position Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) - Exact Answer: The extensor muscles of the forearm attach to the lateral epicondyle of humerus

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

Overuse or trauma Golfer's Elbow Test - Exact Answer: INSTRUCT: pt seated, ex instructs pt to extend the elbow and supinate the hand; ex instructs pt to flex the wrist against resistance POSITIVE: pain over the medial epicondyle INDICATES: medial epicondylitis radiculopathy - Exact Answer: disease of the nerve roots, compression, weak biceps myelopathy - Exact Answer: cervical cord compression, head to chest shock test Turner's sign - Exact Answer: flank grayish blue (turn around to see your flanks) pancreatitis

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

Murphy's sign - Exact Answer: Pain with palplation of gall bladder (seen with cholecystitis) Cullen's sign - Exact Answer: ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis normal bowel sounds - Exact Answer: high-pitched, gurgling, cascading sounds, occurring irregularly anywhere from 5 to 30 times per minute. Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis - Exact Answer: cholelithiasis- gallstones Cholecystitis - obstruction of the bile duct-colicky epigastric RUQ pain, right shoulder; after fat meal Appendicitis signs and symptoms - Exact Answer: Pain in the periumbilical area that descends to the right lower quadrant. Rebound tenderness and abdominal rigidity Low-grade fever Elevated WBC Anorexia, nausea and vomiting

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

Constipation or diarrhea Pediatric Assessment - Exact Answer: toe to head Elderly Assessment - Exact Answer: functional status falls, hearing considerations Normal Order of Physical Assessment - Exact Answer: 1) Inspect

2. Palpate
3. Percuss
4. Auscultate birthmarks, nevus - Exact Answer: red from hemangioma, a proliferation of blood vessels, brown from nevus, a mole or birthmark from overgrowth of melanin-forming cells stork bite - Exact Answer: A patch of deep pink skin found at the nape of the neck

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

Cafe au lait spots - Exact Answer: Smooth edged tan-to-brown pigmentations on the skin seen in NF1 Mongolian spots - Exact Answer: bluish purple spots of pigmentation congenital moles (nevi) - Exact Answer: can grow anywhere on the body. vary in size and shape. most are brown port-wine stain - Exact Answer: a flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries, creating a large, reddish-purple discoloration on the face or neck ABCDEs of melanoma - Exact Answer: asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution Lichenification - Exact Answer: Prolonged, intense scratching eventually thickens the skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules; looks like surface of moss (or lichen)

100% Verified Answers 2023-2024.

Excoriation - Exact Answer: Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping Annular - Exact Answer: ring-shaped Zosteriform - Exact Answer: linear shape of skin lesion along a nerve route teleangiectasia - Exact Answer: Dilation of single small blood vessels in the skin or mucous membranes primary lesions - Exact Answer: Macule (<1cm) & Patch (> 1 cm)flat Papule (<1cm)and Plaque (>1 cm) raised Nodule and Tumor larger and deeper Vesicle and Bulla fluid filled Wheal hives Pustule pus Cyst fluid tonsilar grading - Exact Answer: 1+ visible