NUR 100 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024-2025, Exams of Nursing

Download NUR 100 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024-2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 | P a g e NUR 100 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024-2025 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY GRADED A+|BRAND NEW GUARANTEED PASS |LATEST UPDATE The nurse is preparing to administer a transdermal patch to a patient and finds that the patient already has a medication patch on his right upper chest. What will the nurse do? a. Remove the old medication patch and notify the health care provider b. Apply the new patch without removing the old one c. Remove the old patch and apply the new patch in the same spot d. Remove the old patch and apply the new patch to a different, clean area D When teaching a pregnant woman about the use of drugs during pregnancy, which statement will the nurse include? a. Exposure of the fetus to drugs is most detrimental during the second trimester of pregnancy. b. Pregnant women must never take drugs to control high blood pressure. c. Drug transfer to the fetus is most likely to occur during the last trimester of pregnancy. d. The fetus is at greatest risk for drug-induced developmental defects during the second trimester of pregnancy. C When administering medications to pediatric patients, the nurse understands that the dosage calculations for pediatric patients are different than for adults because pediatric patients a. are more likely to develop edema. b. have more stomach acid. c. have skin that is less permeable. d. have immature liver and kidney function, resulting in impaired drug metabolism and excretion. D 2 | P a g e Which does the nurse identify as a pharmacokinetic change that occurs in the elderly? a. Gastric pH is more acidic b. Fat content is decreased because of increased lean body mass c. Increased production of proteins by the liver d. The number of intact nephrons is decreased D Which racial group is predicted to be nearly one in three U.S. residents in 2050? a. African American b. Asian c. Hispanic d. White C A research group is conducting an investigational drug study on a promising new drug for osteoporosis. It has been difficult to find research subjects who meet the criteria. Just before the conclusion of the study, four subjects approach the researchers and express their desire to withdraw from the study. The researcher should first a. inform them that they waited too long to withdraw from the study. b. explore with them the reasons for withdrawing from the study. c. acknowledge that they can withdraw at any time from the study. d. request that they try to remain with the study until it is completed. C A nurse has been asked to participate in an elective procedure that violates the nurse's personal ethical principles. The nurse should a. refuse to participate. b. ask to switch assignments with another nurse. c. speak to the manager or supervisor. d. perform the procedure C In the 2006 Institute of Medicine Study, it was estimated that some form of medication error resulted in harm to how many patients? a. 400,000 b. 800,000 c. 1 million d. 1.5 million D The nurse is administering a drug that has been ordered as follows: "Give 10 mg on odd-numbered days and 5 mg on even-numbered days." When the date changes from May 31 to June 1, what should the nurse do? a. Give 10 mg because June 1 is an odd-numbered day 5 | P a g e b. This allergy is not of major concern because the drug is given so often c. what type of reaction did you have when you took penicillin? d. drug allergies don't usually occur in older individuals due to built up resistance to allergic reactions C The nurse is preparing a care plan for a patient who has been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of these reflect the correct order of the steps of the nursing process? a. assessment, planning, human needs statement, implementation, evaluation b. eval, assessment, human needs statement, planning, implementation c. human needs statement, assessment, planning, implementation, eval d. assessment, human needs statement, planning, implementation, eval D An elderly woman took a prescription medicine to help her sleep; however, she felt restless all night and did not sleep at all. The nurse recognizes that this woman has experienced which type or reaction or effect? a. allergic reaction b. idiosyncratic reaction c. mutagenic effect d. synergistic effect B The nurse is caring for a patient with cirrhosis or hepatitis and recognizes that abnormalities in which phase of pharmokinetics may occur in this patient? a. absorption b. distribution c. metabolism d. excretion C A patient who has hypertension is now taking a daily beta blocker. Which term best describes this type of therapy? a. palliative therapy b. maintenance therapy c. supportive therapy d. supplemental therapy B 6 | P a g e The physiologic differences in the pediatric patient compared with the adult patient affect the amount of drug needed to produce a therapeutic effect. The nurse is aware that one of the main differences is that infants have a. increased protein in circulation. b. at composition lower than 0.001%. c. more muscular body composition. d. water composition of approximately 75%. D While teaching a 76-year-old patient about the adverse effects of his medications, the nurse encourages him to keep a journal of the adverse effects he experiences. This intervention is important for the older adult patient because of which alterations in pharmacokinetics? a. Increased renal excretion of protein-bound drugs b. More alkaline gastric pH, resulting in more adverse effects c. Decreased blood flow to the liver, resulting in altered metabolism d. Less adipose tissue to store fat-soluble drugs C When the nurse is reviewing a list of medications taken by an 88 y/o patient, the patient says "i get dizzy when I stand up". She also states that she has nearly fainted "a time or two" in the afternoon. Her systolic BP drops 15 points when she stands up. Which type of medication may be responsible for these effects? a. NSAIDs (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs) b. cardiac glycosides c. Anticagulants d. Antihypertensives D A pregnant patient who is at 32 weeks' gestation has a cold and calls the office to ask about taking an over-the-counter medication that is rated as pregnancy category A. Which answer by the nurse is correct? a. "This drug causes problems in the human fetus, so you should not take this medication." b. "This drug may cause problems in the human fetus, but nothing has been proven in clinical trials. It is best not to take this medication." c. "This drug has not caused problems in animals, but no testing has been done in humans. It is probably 7 | P a g e safe to take." d. "Studies indicate that there is no risk to the human fetus, so it is okay to take this medication as directed if you need it." D An 82 year old patient is admitted to the hospital after an episode of confusion at home. The nurse is assessing the current medications he is taking at home. Which method is the best way to assess his home medications? a. ask the patient what medications he takes at home b. ask the patients wife what medications he takes at home c. ask the patients wife to bring his medications to the hospital in their original containers d. contact the patients pharmacy for a list of the patients current medications C A patient has been diagnosed with late stage cancer. After consulting with his family, he tells the nurse "i would like to try to live long enough to see my granddaughter graduate in 3 months, but after that I dont want any extra treatments." The patient is demonstrating which of these? a. veracity b. beneficence c. maleficence d. autonomy D When caring for an older adult Chinese patient, the nurse recognizes which of these cultural issues that may influence the care of this patient? a. chest x rays are seen as a break in the souls integrity b. hospital diets are interpreted as being healing and healthful c. the use of herbal products may be an important practice for this patient d. being hospitalized is a source of peace and socialization for this culture C A patient is being counseled for possible participation in a clinical trial for a new medication. After the patient meets with the physician, the nurse is asked to obtain the patients signature on the consent forms. The nurse knows that this informed consent indicated which of these? a. once therapy has begun, the patient cannot withdraw from the clinical trial 10 | P a g e A The nurse is responsible for preoperative teaching for a patient whos mildly anxious about receiving pain medications postoperatively. The nurse recognizes that this level of anxiety in the patient may result in which of these? a. impeded learning because anxiety is always a barrier to learning b. major emotional instability c. increased motivation to learn d.increased postoperative healing time C Which action by the nurse is the best way to assess a patients learning needs? a. quiz the patient daily on all medications b. begin with validation of the patients present level of knowledge c. assess family members knowledge of prescribed medications even if they are not involved in the patients care d. ask the caregivers what the patient knows about the medications B Which technique would be most appropriate to use when the nurse is teaching a patient with a language barrier? a. obtain an interpreter who can speak in the patient's native tongue for teaching sessions b. use detailed explanations, speaking slowly and clearly c. assume that the patient understands the information presented if the patient has no questions d. provide only written instructions A The nurse answers a patient's call light and finds the patient sitting up in bed and requesting pain medication. What will the nurse do first? a. Check the orders and give the patient the requested pain medication. b. Provide comfort measures to the patient. 11 | P a g e c. Assess the patient's pain and pain level. d. Evaluate the effectiveness of previous pain medications C The patient's medication administration record lists two antiepileptic medications that are due at 0900, but the patient is NPO for a barium study. The nurse's coworker suggests giving the medications via IV because the patient is NPO. What will the nurse do? a. Give the medications PO with a small sip of water. b. Give the medications via the IV route because the patient is NPO. c. Hold the medications until after the test is completed. d. Call the health care provider to clarify the instructions D What are the six rights of medication administration? right drug, right dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation The day shift charge nurse is making rounds. A patient tells the nurse that the night shift nurse never gave him his medication, which was due at 2100. What will the nurse do first to determine whether the medication was given? a. Call the night nurse at home b. Check the medication administration record c. Call the pharmacy d. Review the nurse's notes B A nurse makes an error when administering medications to a patient. Which action by the nurse requires the supervising nurse to intervene? The nurse a. completes an incident report. b. informs the prescriber of the error. c. documents adverse effects to the medication error. d. records completion of an incident report in the medical chart. D The nurse is giving a medication that has a high first-pass effect. The health care provider has changed the route from IV to PO. The nurse expects the oral dose to be a. higher because of the first-pass effect. b. lower because of the first-pass effect. c. the same as the IV dose. d. unchanged. A A patient is complaining of severe pain and has orders for morphine sulfate. The nurse knows that the route that would give the slowest pain relief would be which route? a. IV 12 | P a g e b. IM (muscle) c. Subcut (fat) d. PO (oral) D A patient is prescribed ibuprofen 200 mg PO every 4 hours as needed for pain. The pharmacy sends up enteric-coated tablets, but the patient refuses the tablets, stating that she cannot swallow pills. What will the nurse do? a. Crush the tablets and mix them with applesauce or pudding. b. Call the pharmacy and ask for the liquid form of the medication. c. Call the pharmacy and ask for the IV form of the medication. d. Encourage the patient to try to swallow the tablets. B Enteral routes of drug administration Oral, sublingual, buccal and rectal Topical routes of drug administration skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina The nurse is caring for a young Hispanic mother and her 4-year old child. While interviewing the mother, the nurse discovers that the mother speaks no English. The nurse does not speak Spanish. The most appropriate thing for the nurse to do is to a. interview the child b. Provide all instructions in writing c. Request an interpreter to help d. explain that care cannot be provided at this time C The nurse that is caring for a patient that is ill knows that which of the following is a characteristic of chronic illness? a. it causes irreversible alterations in anatomy and physiology b. it requires a short period of care or support c. it is a temporary change d. it requires special patient education for rehabilitation a The patient always thanks clerks at the grocery store. Her six year old daughter echoes her thank you. The nurse is aware that the child is demonstrating what mode of value transmission? a. Reward and punishment b. modeling 15 | P a g e c. self esteem d. self actualization e. physiologic b A nurse caring for a patient in a long-term health care facility measures his intake and output and weighs him to asses water balance. These actions help to meet which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. love and belonging b. physiologic c. safety and security d. self- actualization b The nurse is asked to teach a group of your adults a healthy lifestyle. One participant says, " I stopped eating fast food to lose weight." What health-illness model explains this behavior? a. health-illness continuum b. health promotion model c. agent-host-environment model d. health belief model b The nurse is teaching a group of new mothers about the importance of diet and exercise following delivery. What level of health promotion and preventative care does this activity represent? a. secondary b. tertiary c. Intermediate d. Primary d The nurse hears a group of people talking. On e person says, " I know I have more money than most other people." What does this statement indicate to the nurse? a. Racism b. stereotyping c. cultural assimilation d. Ethnocentrism d The nurse understands that the ______ population is expanding most rapidly, resulting in changes in the delivery of healthcare. 16 | P a g e a. newborns b. young adults c. school aged children d. older adults d When the nurse practices handwashing, he is meeting which basic human need? a. self actualization b. self esteem c. physiologic d. safety and security e. loving and belonging d The nurse considers the following factors when providing care to patients with limited income. The nurse knows that ________ is the most important. a. Risk for increased incidence of disease b. decreased access to healthcare services c. limited access to reliable transportation d. basic human needs may go unmet d The nurse uses the Care Model of nursing by _______ to help to guide their nursing practice . a. Jean Watson b. Madeline Leininger c. Dorothea Orem D. Virginia Henderson a The nurse understands that there are four major ways that healthcare is financed. Which one is federally funded and sate regulated? a. medicare b. private insurance c. LTC insurance d. medicaid d A nurse conducts a smoking cessation program for patients of a neighborhood clinic. This is an example of which of the following aims of nursing ? 17 | P a g e A. Promoting health b. facilitating coping with disability or death c. restoring health d. preventing illness d The ______ is a major source of health assessment for children in the school setting? a. pediatric protection and affordable care act b. daycare centers c. health departments d. school nurse d What is one responsibility of nurses who work in a physicians office? a. conducting health assessments b. making independent home visits c. prescribing medications d. performing major surgery a A grade school is preparing a series of classes on the dangers of smoking. Who would be most likely to teach the classes ? a. the school nurse b. the principal c. an outside consultant d. a teacher a Why are the developmental theories important to nursing practice? a. They explain the importance of legal and ethical care b. they define human adaptation to others and to the environment c. the outline the process of human growth and development d. they described how parts work together as a system c The nurse teaches the patient that ______ is a federally funded healthcare program for older adults. a. medicare b. health insurance program 20 | P a g e Which if the following is a criterion that defines nursing as a profession? a. a strong service orientation b. a dependence on the medical profession c. an ability to diagnose medical problems d. an undefined body of knowledge a The nurse is aware that which of the following are important members of the interdisciplinary healthcare team (select all that apply) a. Physician b. speech therapist c. social worker d. nurse e. patient f. patients visitor a, b, c, d, e Nursing school graduates must pass a licensure exam administered by the a. State Boards of Nurses b. accredited school of nursing c. National league for nursing d. American Nurses Association a The nurse provides patient care within a philosophy of ethical decision making and professional expectations. What is the nurse using as a framework for practice? a. Values Clarification b. Definition of nursing c. code of ethics d. standards of care c Which of the following words refers to a number of fields and disciplines grouped under the rubric life science? a. Principal based b. nursing c. bioethics d. Clinical 21 | P a g e c The nurse knows that which of the following best describes the utilitarian theory of ethics? a. there is no way to determine whether an action is ethical or not b. all actions are wither right or wrong, regardless od consequences c. It is ethically correct is the action follows the law d. the consequences of an action determine if it is right or wrong d The nurse recognizes that ethical theories explain how one ought to live and why. Which major ethical theory states that the action is right or wrong independent of the consequences? a. Nursing b. Feminist c. Deontologic d. utilitarian c The nurse knows that which of the following is the best professional response to a patient who says she believes that " my race is smarter that other races"? a. "What I think does not matter as what you believe is most important". b. "I do not believe that being smarter is related to race or ethnicity". c. " You are right, as the customer is always right". d. "I will not respond to that statement as it is wrong". b The nurse is aware that which of the following statements accurately describe a characteristic of ethics? (select all that apply) a. The ability to be ethical begins in your childhood b. the values are intimately related to, and direct ethical conduct. c. Ethics usually refers to personal standards of right and wrong d. it is important to distinguish ethics from religion, law, custom, and institutional practice. e. ethics is a systematic inquiry into principals of right and wrong conduct 22 | P a g e f. ethics cannot be defined as a code of professional conduct. a, b, d, e A professional nurse committed to the principal of autonomy would be careful to a. keep any promises made to a patient or another professional caregiver b. treat each patient fairly, trying to give everyone his or her due c. provide the info and support a patient needs to make decisions about his care d. avoid causing harm to a patient c Which component of nursing care is central to care based approach to bioethics? a. relationships with healthcare providers b. provisions of physical care c. management of care d. nurse-patient relationship d The American Association of colleges of Nursing identifies five values that epitomize the caring professional nurse. Which value best describes acting in accordance with as appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice? a. Altruism b. Autonomy c. Social Justice d. Integrity e. Human dignity d The nurse knows that which of the following phrases best describes a value ? a. The process by which one decides what is important in life. b. Dispositions of character that motivate goodness c. Questions about how one should act and live d. A belief about the worth of something to guide behavior. 25 | P a g e c. Educate the client on death and dying concepts d. Arrange a meeting between the family and the client b The nurse understands that which of the following words are most closely associated with the term ethics? a. reward system b. right and wrong conduct c. values and standards d. role modeling b Which of the following accreditations is a mandatory legal requirement for a school of nursing to exist? a. American Association of colleges of Nursing accreditation AACN b. Educational Institution accreditation SAC c. National league for Nursing Accreditation Commission NLNAC d. State Board of Nursing accreditation BON d A nurse has been named as a defendant in a lawsuit. With whom should the nurse discuss the case? a. Plaintiff b. Colleagues c. Attorney d. Reporters c Two patients are discussing a patient's condition in an elevator full of visitors. With what crime might the nurses be charged? a. Invasion of Privacy b. Defamation of Character c. Unintentional negligence d. intentional negligence a A nurse is working with hazardous materials in the workplace. The procedures followed while using these substances is based on guidelines from which of the following agencies? 26 | P a g e a. health insurance portability and accountability HIPPA b. Americans with disabilities Act ADA c. Occupational Safety and Health Act OSHA d. Controlled Substances Act CSA c What is the legal source of rules of conduct for nurses? a. Nurse practice act b. American nurses association c. Constitution of the United States d. Agency policies and protocols a A nurse has been tried and found guilty of the felony crime of forgery. How might this affect the nurse's license to practice nursing ? a. the license will permanently carry the felony conviction b. the nurse can practice nursing at a less-skilled level c. the license may be revoked or suspended d. It will have no effect on the ability to practice nursing c A patient is suing a nurse for malpractice. What is the term used for the person being accused of the wrongdoing? a. defendant b. plaintiff c. litigator d. witness a The nurse moves from Ohio to Missouri. Where can a copy f the nurse practice act in Missouri be obtained? a. National League of Nursing b. Missouri State Board of Nursing c. Ohio State Board of Nursing d. Federal government nursing guidelines b 27 | P a g e Which if the following is the most frequent reason for revocation or suspension of a nurse's license ? a. Fraud b. Abandonment c. Mental Impairment d. Drug Abuse d A nurse does not assist with ambulation on a post-operative patient on the first day after surgery. The patient falls and fractures a hip. What charge might be brought against the nurse. a. Fraud b. Battery c. Negligence d. Assault c A nurse is providing a patient care in a hospital setting. Who has full legal responsibility and accountability for the nurses actions? a. the hospital b. The physician c. the nurse d. the head nurse c The nursing laws primary function is to protect the public. Each state has regulations or practice acts that protect the public from harm. Which one of the law sources is most specific to the Nurses Practice Acts? a. Administrative b. Statutory / Civil c. Common d. Constitutions b The nurse is aware that _______ of malpractice liability is the most difficult to prove in a court of law? a. Causation b. Breach of duty c. Damages d. Duty a 30 | P a g e a. "I am the nurse who is responsible for your care today" b. "I am Jane Doe and I will be caring for you until the end of the shift." c. "I am the nurse who will be completing your physical assessment." d. "I have been transferred to this floor and I will be caring for you." b Which factor is the most important in the development of rapport between the nurse and the client? a. Skill b. Kindness c. Happiness d. Trust d The nurse understands that which of the following is an example of a closed-ended question or statement? a. "Describe the type of pain you have." b. "Tell me about the medications do you take at home." c. "How did that make you feel?" d. "Did you take those drugs?" d A nurse is caring for a patient who is visually impaired. Which of the following is a recommended guideline for communication with this patient? a. Ease into the room without acknowledging presence until the patient can be touched. b. Keep communication simple and concrete c. Speak in a louder tone of voice to make up for lack of visual cues. d. Explain reason for touching patient before doing so d The nurse knows that which of the following statements is an example of verbal communication? a. A patient walking in the hallway b. A patient has a smile on his face. c. A patient writing a note for his physician. d. A patient sitting in his room chair watching TV. c The process of communication is an exchange of information generally between two or more people. David Berlo classic description of the communication states that _________ is the speech, gesture, etc. of the process. a. Stimulus b. Message c. Encoder d. Channel 31 | P a g e b The nurse knows that in a helping relationship (between a nurse and a patient) the phase where the nurse and patient examines the goals to see if they have been met or not met. This phase is called the . a. Working phase b. Termination phase c. Task-oriented phase d. Orientation phase b The nurse understands that which of the following is a form of nonverbal communication, select all that apply? a. Spoken words b. Eye contact c. Written words d. Touch e. General appearance b, d, e A nurse tells a patient, "Why won't you get out of bed? Are you always this lazy? This is an example of which of the following barriers to communication? a. Using assertive language b. Using probing questions c. Using leading questions d. Using judgmental language d The nurse enters the room of a cancer patient who is crying and states, "I feel so alone." Which statement is most therapeutic for the nurse to say? a. The nurse holds the patient's hand and asks, "What makes you feel so alone?" b. While standing at the bedside, she says, "I understand how you feel. My mother felt the same way she had cancer." c. The nurse stands in the room and asks, "Why do you feel so alone? Your family has been here every day." d. The nurse holds the patient's hand and says, "You feel so alone." a A patient hears the nurse say, "I understand your hip is hurting and I have some pain medication for you." What channel of communication is the nurse using? a. Visual b. Olfactory c. Kinesthetic d. Auditory d 32 | P a g e The student nurse is preparing for her first nursing exam and she is nervous. She says to herself, "calm down I have been in challenging situations before and I always survive. I can do this." What type of communication level is she using? a. Intrapersonal b. Organizational c. Small group d. Interpersonal a What term describes a nurse who is sensitive to the patient's feelings but remains objective enough to help the patient achieve positive outcomes? a. Honest b. Empathetic c. Caring d. Competent b A nurse is sitting near a patient while conducting a health history. The patient keeps edging away from the nurse. What might this mean in terms of territoriality? a. The patient has concerns about the questions b. The nurse is in the patient's personal space c. The patient does not like the nurse d. The nurse is too far away from the patient b The nurse stated to the patient, "I am sure everything will be fine. You have nothing to worry about." This is an example of which of the following communication techniques? a. Giving advice b. Cliché c. Changing the subject d. Being judgmental b The home health nurse is leaving the home of a patient who is receiving cancer treatments in his home. The neighbor states, "How is he doing today?" What is the nurse's best response to the neighbor question? a. "How are you doing today?" b. "It is a very sad situation for him." c. "Patients with cancer benefit greatly with support." d. "The lack of family nearby is hard for him." c The nurse knows that in a helping relationship (between a nurse and a patient) the phase where the nurse and patient meet and learn to identify each other by name. This phase is called the .