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NUR 2063 EXAM 2 NEWEST EXAM 2025 | ALL
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In primary hypothyroidism, the circulating level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) will be _____________? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------elevated A unique feature of Grave's disease is protrusion of the eyeballs and is called? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------exopthalmos most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is ________________ in the area where the glands are locanted? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----surgery A common cause of endocrine disorders, especially in women is __________________ ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- autoimmune in adrenocortical deficiency, the most sever manifestations are related to inadequate quantities of the hormone ____________? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cortisol a potentially lethal condition in which there is an acute elevation of circulating thyroid hormones is called ________________ --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------thyroid storm
a patient who presents with hyperparathyroidism would likely to be present with abnormally elevated _____________ levels? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------calcium T/F: Diabetes insipidus is characterized by hypernatremia? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True T/F hypothyroidism manifestations include heat intolerance? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False, they are more sensitive to cold T/F: Pheochromocytoma is a life-threatening disease characterized by intermittent, severe hypertension? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- True T/F: A patient with hyperparathyroidism would be likely to present with hyper responsive muscle reflexes? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --False. Hyperparathyroidism=hypercalcemia. Hypocalcemia would have hyper responsive muscle reflexes T/F: Patients with type II diabetes mellitus may take both oral agents and injectable insulin ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True T/F: One of the classic manifestations of diabetes mellitus is increased appetite, called polydipsia? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False. polyphagia is increased appetite. polydipsia is increased hunger
This sexually transmitted virus is characterized by periods of dormancy and outbreaks ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Herpes virus This STI can cause infection in the eyes of a newborn during birth --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Chlamydia The term used to describe passing of the herpes virus even when lesions are not present ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------viral shedding What has manifestations of coffee-colored urine, proteinuria, and edema? - --------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------glomerulonephritis RLQ abdominal pain, fever, nausea are manifestations of what acute disorder? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------appendicitis Weight gain, bradycardia, constipation, and lethargy are manifestations of what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------hypothyroidism Hallmark manifestations of this disorder are polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------diabetes Severe RUQ pain is hallmark manifestation for this gallbladder related disorder ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------gallstones
Intussusception and volvulus are examples of what type of bowel obstruction? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------mechanical obstruction Lifting heavy objects, bending over, obesity can exacerbate this GI disorder ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------hernia GI disorder commonly caused by infection with helicobactor pylori --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------peptic ulcer disease Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are examples of this type of GI disorder ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------inflammatory bowel disorders The parathyroid glands are responsible for controlling what electrolyte? ----- ----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Calcium Excessive amounts of this hormone can lead to an endocrine disorder known as acromegaly ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------growth hormone This electrolyte can cause fatal arrhythmias in those with chronic kidney disease ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------potassium
an excess of grown hormone in childhood results in ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------gigantism The primary intervention for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is the restriction of what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------Free water intake manifestations of hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism are related to excessive or insufficient amounts of serum _____________? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------calcium Pathophysiology of hyperparathyroidism ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------tumors, hyperplasia, and chronic hypocalcemia (renal failure) can cause excessive PTH production What electrolyte changes can happen with hypoparathyroidism? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Low calcium, hypocalcemia, hypomasesemia, hyperphosphatemia, and metabolic alkalosis Pathophysiology of hypoparathyroidism ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------parathyroid gland does not prduce enough PTH either due to surgery, radiation, autoimmune disease, or congenital defect. Hypoparathyroidsim manifestations ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---paresthesias, tetany, fatigue/weakness, dysrhythmias, hypotension, abd.
cramping, diarrhea, painful menstruation, dry corase skin, patchy hair loss, brittle nails, anxiety, headaches, depression/mood swings, memory loss manifestions of hyperparathyroidism ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----osteoporosis, renal calculi, polyuria, abd. pain, constipation, fatigue, weaknmess, flaccid muscles, dysrhythmias, hypertension, depression, forgetfulness, bone and joint pain, nausea, vomiting and anorexia hyperthyroidism pathophysiology ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- excessive levels of thyroid hormones, hyper-metabolic state. excessive iodine, Grave's disease, nonmalignant tumors, thyroid inflammation, taking lg amounts of thyroid hormone replacement Manifestations of hyperthyroidism ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- sudden weight loss, tachycardia, afib, hypertension, increased appetite, anxiety, tremor, diaphoresis, change in menstrual patters, increased sensitivity to heat, goiter, exophthalmos Treatment for hyperthyroidism ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, anti-thyroid agents, beta blockers, thyoidectomy Hypothyroidism pathophysiology ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- thyroid does not produce enough thyroid hormones. could be caused in hypothalamus or pituitary gland, or thyroid itself. Advancing age is risk factor. autoimmune-hashimotos, iatrogenic
can be caused by adrenal tumars that secrete glucocorticoids or androgens. Hormones involved in Cushings syndrome ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------cortisol-glucocorticoids. adrenal tumors-secrete glucocorticoids pituitary tumors-secrete ACTH and Cortisol paraneoplastic syndrome-resulting from cancers outside endocrine sysytem can also cause cushing syndrome by increasing ACTH and cortisol Electrolytes associated with Cushings syndrome ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------potassium-hypokalemia may develop calcium? osteoporosis can occur pheochromocytoma definition ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------rare tumor of the chromaffin cells located in the adrenals. most occur in the adrenal medulla. It excretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. pheochromocytoma effects of adrenal tumor ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------can be life threatening-acute stress response hormones of fight or flight, unpredictable attacks last 15-20 minutes and can be triggered by palpation, anesthesia, or emotional distress. Can manifest with hypertension, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, forceful palpitations, angina, profound diaphoresis, tachypnea or dyspnea, hyperglycemia, abd. or gastric pain, nausea/vominting, sudden headaches, anxiety, pallor, weight loss. This can lead to hypertensive crisis, stroke, kidney disease, psycholsis, and seizures if not treated.
Hormones that increase glucose ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormones, cortisol Type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosis ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --fasting plasma glucose >126 mg/dLa, or 2-hour plasma glucose > mg/dL a post 75 g glucose challenge, or random plasma glucose > mg/dL with symptoms (polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss) diabetic ketoacidosis-electrolyte changes ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------pH imbalance, increasedketones in urine caused by insufficient insulin. cells starved for energy, body breaks down fat-producing toxic acids (ketones) hyperglycemia, decreased potassium-could be high because of shift at first Type 1 diabetes mellitus care considerations ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------insulin, blood sugar, CKD, amputation, nerve damage Type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --Fasting blood glucose testing A1c ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------blood test that measures glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to assess glucose control, should be less that 7% for patients in general. over 6.5% 3 months=diabetes hypoglycemia manifestions ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- shakiness, dizziness, sweating, hunger, fast heartbeat, inability to concentrate, confusion, irritability or moodiness, blurred vision, seizures
bladder cancer manifestations ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- painless hematuria, abnormal urine color (dark, rusty, or brown), frequency (dysuria), urge incontinence, UTIs, abd. or back pain endometriosis manifestations ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- dysmenorrhea, pain in lower abdomen, vagina, posterior pelvis and back, dysparenuria, pain with defecation, infertility, excessive menstrual bleeding Endometriosis Pathophysiology ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. also reacts to hormones and bleeds, but blood has no where to go. endometriosis treatment ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------NSAIDS, surgical excision of affected structures, possible hysterectomy, induction of menopause-like state with hormonal agents Cervical Cancer cause and patho ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- almost all cervical cancers caused by HPV. asymptomatic, continuous vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal bleeding between mestruation after intercourse or after menopause, and menorrhagia, late-leaking of urine or feces from vagina; bone fractures; unilateral lower extremity edema Cervical cancer treatment ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), cryotherapy, laser therapy, chemo, radiation, surgery
Pelvic inflammatory disease ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------any acute, subacute, reccurent, or chronic infection of the oviducts, ovaries, and adjacent reproductive organs cervicitis, endometritits, salpingitis (oviducts), oophoritis (ovaries), parametritis (when connective tissue underlying these structures is involved) mucosal irritaiton, edema, and purulent exudate PID causes, treatment ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------bacteria introduced into reproductive tract. gonorrhea and chlamydia are most common culprits antibiotics for treatment, practice safe sex to help prevent Acute pyelonephritis pathophysiology ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----infection of 1 or both kidneys, most common ascending infection from the lower urinary tract. obstruction or urethral reflux allows contaiminated urine to enter the kidney usually involves renal tubules, pelvis, or calices; inflammation and edema, exudate - >compress renal artery - >abcesses, infection, necrosis acute pyelonephritis manifesatitons ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---CVA tenderness (classic sight) with fever, chills, dysuria urgency, frequency N/V, anorexia (which increases fever-induced dehydration) Renal Calculi pathophysiology/ nephrolithiasis ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------kidney stones. hard masses of crystals composed of minerals that would normally be excreted. concentrated urine (dehydration, gout, renal disease). keep hydrated
intrinsic/intra-renal kidney injury causes ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------something directly damages kidney tissue like NSAIDs. due to a primary dysfunction of the nephrons and kidey itself. intra-renal kidney injury findings ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- most commonly acute tubular necrosis (ATN); may also occur with glomerular inflammation, vascular (clots), or interstitial etiologies Acute tubular necrosis pathophysiology ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------nepphrotoxic insult (contrast media) ischemic insults (sepsis) Proteinuria suggests pathology in which part of the kidney? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------glomerulus peritonitis is what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------inflammation of the membrane that surrounds the abdomen females are anatomically more likely to contract UTI because of? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------proximity most common UTI bacteria? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------E. coli
The result of ______________ in potassium is: dysrhythias, depolarization, loss of excitability ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------extracellular abundance manifestations of hypothyroidism include ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------weight gain, fatigue, goiter The area of pain and rebound tenderness with acute appendicitis is most likely at: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------McBurney Point How does intussusception occur? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- when one part of the intestines slides into another part intussusception is a type of _____________ ---------CORRECT ANSWER--- --------------mechanical bowel obstruction Primary role of the parathyroid gland is what> ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------regulate serum calcium levels oliguria means what ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------scant or little amount of urine What lab result would indicate hypothyroidism? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------High TSH. and low T3 and T
complications of diabetes ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------kidney disease, stroke, high blood pressure treatment for Type 1 diabetes ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- insulin Type 2 diabetes means ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cells in body resist insulin and glucose uptake what does hiatal hernia mean? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- protusion of the stomach through the opening of diaphragm what is endometriosis ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------lining of uterus grows on outside patient with GERD should be advised to: ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------add more pillows When does GERD occur? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------when gastric acid damages the esophageal mucosa pt. teaching for GERD should include ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----avoiding trigger foods like caffeine, alcohol, and acidic foods
What condition may be caused by an infection with H. pylori? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------peptic ulcers what is hematuria? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------blood in urine T/F protein and RBCs are commonly found in urine? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------false HPV can lead to? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------genital warts...other cancers later what types of cancer can be caused by HPV? ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------cervical, upper respiratory cancer, penile cancer gastroenteritis causes what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------V+, D+, lethargy, abdominial tenderness and dry heaving Symptoms of DKA ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------fruity breath, excessive hyperglycemia, ketonuria Crohns disease is what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- inflammatory bowel disease
