NUR 2063 (NUR2063) Essentials Of Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest 2024- 2025) Rasmussen Quiz, Exams of Nursing

Download NUR 2063 (NUR2063) Essentials Of Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest 2024- 2025) Rasmussen Quiz and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NUR 2063 (NUR2063) Essentials Of Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest 2024- 2025) Rasmussen Quizzes And Answers. What are the functions of the kidneys? - ANSWER- Regulation of blood pressure; regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - ANSWER- dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? - ANSWER- ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - ANSWER- peripheral tissue insulin resistance What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - ANSWER- Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism What processes occur during fasting? - ANSWER- glucogenesis; glycogenesis What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? - ANSWER- adipose/ fat What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - ANSWER- myxedema, fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER- Goiter, fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - ANSWER- fatigue, body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - ANSWER- numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - ANSWER- fruity breath, drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - ANSWER- negative feedback loop What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - ANSWER- Growth Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins What is diabetes insipidus? - ANSWER- a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - ANSWER- polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst, and polydipsia clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - ANSWER- Excessive secretion of cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back and pendulous abdomen. - Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops stretch marks - • ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor - Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe psychiatric disturbance - Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - ANSWER- Weakness. - Fatigue. - Cold intolerance. - Constipation. - Weight gain. - Depression. - Joint or muscle pain. - Brittle fingernails. clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism - ANSWER- fatigue. - lethargy. - sensitivity to cold. - depression. - muscle weakness. clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism - ANSWER- hypertension and hypokalemia clinical manifestations of secondary aldosteronism - ANSWER- High blood pressure. - Low level of potassium in the blood. - Feeling tired all the time. - Headache. - Muscle weakness. - Primary hypothyroidism levels - ANSWER- low T4, high TSH Secondary hypothyroidism levels - ANSWER- low T3, T4 and TSH What is gigantism? - ANSWER- hypersecretion of GH in children What is diabetes insipidus? - ANSWER- a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss What is SIADH? - ANSWER- syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone; too much sodium secretion What is the tumor of the adrenal gland? - ANSWER- Pheochromocytoma Acromegaly/Gigantism - ANSWER- coarse facial features, deepening of voice, increased ring or shoe size Graves disease - ANSWER- unexplained weight loss, goiter, bulging eyes Myexdema coma is associated with hyperthyroidism - ANSWER- false Patient with dysmenorrhea - ANSWER- assess pain in pelvic area and upper thighs What is the sign of acute prostatitis? - ANSWER- tender prostate CVA is pain is another description for flank pain? - ANSWER- True A client has flank pain of 6 on a scale from 0-10. This flank pain is likely because of what reason? - ANSWER- possible pyelonephritis, with inflammation and stretching of renal caps Which is indicative of secondary hypothyroidism? - ANSWER- Low TSH and LOW T3/T4 What is indicative of primary hypothyroidism? - ANSWER- High TSH and Low T3/T4 What are the two stress hormones that increase glucose production in the liver? - ANSWER- Corticosteroids - catecholamines A client presents with right lower abdominal pain and occasional diarrhea. This is likely? - ANSWER- Appendicitis A female arrives at the clinic complaining of bleeding between menstrual periods. The nurse identifies this as? - ANSWER- Metrorrhagia A good explanation for myxedema in thyroid deficiency is? - ANSWER- Lack of thyroid hormone contributes to non- pitting edema An example of a genetic defect in young children with cystitis is? - ANSWER- Vesicoureteral reflux Diabetes insipidus is caused from? - ANSWER- too little ADH production Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is often a cause of? - ANSWER- peptic ulcer disease In response to a respiratory infection and a high fever, the kidney tubules maintain a normal ph of body fluids by? - ANSWER- secreting acids and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions Metabolic acidosis develops with bilateral kidney disease for what reason? - ANSWER- tubule exchanges are impaired The client has gallstones obstructing the cystic duct. What would the nurse anticipate in the assessment of the client? - ANSWER- severe upper right quadrant pain The glomerular filtration will increase by which of the following? - ANSWER- increase hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries Cardinal signs of pheochromocytoma? - ANSWER- hypertension The nurse expects which of the following in an assessment of a client with ketoacidosis? - ANSWER- deep fast respirations and lethargy The nurse is aware that cushings syndrome is caused by which of the following? - ANSWER- hypercortisolism What causes Hirschsprung Disease? - ANSWER- inadequate innervation of the colon What would the nurse expect to assess in a client with Addisons disease? - ANSWER- severe fatigue, muscle joint pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, darkening areas of the skin Which of the following results from obstruction of the left ureter by a renal calculus? - ANSWER- severe renal colic What are the clinical manifestations of appendicitis? - ANSWER- right lower abdominal pain, nausea and occasionally diarrhea What is the cause of pseudomembranous colitis? - ANSWER- overgrowth of Clostridioides difficile (C difficile) bacteria; overexposure to antibiotics What is the nonpharmacologic treatment for pseudocolitis? - ANSWER- fecal transplant, colectomy, antibiotics What is the cause of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)? - ANSWER- bacteria spread from person to person; bacteria penetrates the stomach mucous lining and generates substances to neutralize stomach acids What are the clinical manifestations of gastric carcinoma? - ANSWER- No early signs; later signs are anorexia weight loss and GI bleeding What causes gastroenteritis due to Salmonella? - ANSWER- Raw or under cooked chicken or eggs What are complications of a perforated gallbladder? - ANSWER- Sepsis infection What causes jaundice? - ANSWER- Increased serum bilirubin over 2.5 mg/dL What disease is associated with jaundice? - ANSWER- Cirrhosis of the liver; hepatitis What is dysphasia? - ANSWER- difficulty swallowing What is occult blood? - ANSWER- Blood that is not visible to the naked eye What should patients with newly diagnosed pancreatitis avoid? - ANSWER- Alcohol What causes greenish- yellow emesis? - ANSWER- Bile What is the most frequent location of peptic ulcers? - ANSWER- proximal duodenum What types of hepatitis increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma? - ANSWER- Hep B and C What are the clinical manifestations of chronic gastritis? - ANSWER- inflammation of the stomach lining and anorexia from not eating What types of things put a patient at risk for developing acute gastritis? - ANSWER- lactose intolerance, regular use of pain relievers, stress, excessive alcohol use What are the clinical manifestations of acute gastritis? - ANSWER- GI distress, bloat, , nausea, vomiting, anorexia from not eating, postprandial discomfort What is the cause of hiatal hernia? - ANSWER- Increased intra-abdominal pressure, such as ascites, pregnancy, obesity, chronic straining or coughing What is the cause of a rigid abdomen in peritonitis? - ANSWER- inflamed peritoneum