NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review, Exams of Nursing

Download NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NR 2063 Exam 1 Review 1. Which of the following assessment findings indicates an alteration in homeostatic control mechanisms? - Fever 2. Injury that occurs when blood flow is diminished to tissue is called injury. - ischemic 3. The cancer growth continuum is divided into which of the following stages? - Initiation, promotion, progression 4. The activities of the cell are directed by which cell structure? - Cytoplasm 5. Enzymes that use oxidation to convert food materials into energy are found in sausage- shaped structures called: - mitochondria 6. A patient presents with hyponatremia. What is the priority assessment for the patient? - Mental status changes 7. What is the priority assessment for a patient with a potassium imbalance? - EKG NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN 8. A patient presents with hypomagnesemia, what would the nurse anticipate the calcium levels would be? - low 9. A patient presents with hypercalcemia. What would the nurse anticipate the phosphorous levels would be? - low 10. The nurse is teaching a patient who has recently given birth about immunity that has been passed to the baby in utero. Which statement by the patient indicates that additional teaching is needed? - "I had chickenpox and am immune to it, so my baby will not need to have the chickenpox vaccine." 11. In preparing a community teaching program, which information presented by the nurse addresses a type of secondary cancer prevention? - Annual measurement of prostate-specific antigen levels 12. A 2-day post-op heart transplant patient begins to have fever and signs and symptoms of heart failure. The patient is more than likely experiencing which of the following? - Type IV delayed hypersensitivity 13. Which of the following is a complication of chronic stress? - Increased susceptibility to illness 14. Within minutes after receiving an injection of penicillin, the patient complains of shortness of breath and chest pain. The nurse notifies the patient's healthcare provider because this patient is most likely experiencing which type of hypersensitivity? NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN 28. When potassium intake is less than potassium output (or when potassium shifts from plasma into cells) - hypokalemia 29. Intake of water and Na is less than output of water and Na - ECV deficit 30. Avoid massive vitamin D supplementation and drink lots of fluids to prevent kidney damage - Patient teaching for hypercalcemia 31. Besides immunity, what other function does the lymphatic system serve - fluid balance 32. Compounds released during stress - Catecholamines / cortisol 33. Which of the following statements about interferon is correct? - Interferon binds to surface receptors of cells invaded with a virus 34. Which of the following is associated with specific immunity? - immunoglobulins 35. Injecting a vaccine of a dead or weakened pathogen imparts which type of immunity? NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN - Artificial active immunity 36. Normal potassium levels - 3.5-5.5mEq/L 37. What is the purpose of the stress response? - restore balance 38. Holds 1/3 of the body's water - extracellular fluid 39. 135-145 mEq/L - sodium serum range 40. Alarm stage of GAS - increased heart rate 41. Which space does fluid enter to cause edema? - interstitial compartment 42. Treats hives, pruritis and swelling - histamine and prostaglandin 43. Macrophage is a type of white blood cell which is a phagocyte. NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN - True 44. Allergies are associated with elevated - eosinophils 45. What causes edema? - Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure 46. Oncogene is associated with the initiation of cancer - True 47. Gout is caused by the following: - elevated uric acid 48. Glucocorticoids reduce inflammation by - decreasing the permeability in capillaries 49. Wound edges that are approximated signify the wound is infected - False 50. Which of these exemplifies habituation? - loud noise no longer causes fight/flight response 51. Ecchymosis means NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN - ICF and ECF 67. Sign - Objective - Rash, erythema 68. Symptom - Subjective - Fever, nausea 69. How is fluid between interstitial and intracellular compartments distributed? - Osmosis 70. Main complication of sodium imbalance - Hyper/Hyponatremia Concern - Hypovolemia Kidney failure 71. Main complication of calcium imbalance - Hypercalcemia/Hypocalcemia Kidney disease 72. How is fluid lost from the body? - Feces, urine, insensible loss 73. How do we lose fluid from extracellular compartment? - Vomiting, diarrhea, urinating, sweating, diuretics' NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN 74. What is potential and fatal complication of hyponatremia - Can cause pressure in brain d/t fluid volume excess 75. Priority assessment for a patient with a potassium imbalance. - Cardiac - Bradycardia, abnormal EKG, Dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest 76. Symptoms of dehydration - Thirst, hypotension, tachycardia, weak-thready pulse, altered level of consciousness 77. Manifestations of fluid excess - peripheral edema, periorbital edema, anasarca, cerebral edema, dyspnea, bounding pulse, tachycardia, jugular vein distension, hypertension, polyuria, rapid weight gain, crackles, and bulging fontanelles 78. Cause of edema - Hydrostatic forces are greater than osmotic fluid - excess fluid in interstitial space 79. Extracellular fluid has higher concentration of which electrolytes/substances - Sodium, Chloride 80. The energy currency of a cell and role the mitochondrion plays in this currency - ATP - Aerobic metabolism 81. Three electrolytes that are stored in and impact bone and the relationship they have to each other NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN - Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus (↑Calcium = ↑Magnesium), (↑Calcium = ↓Phosphorus) 82. What happens during the alarm phase of Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome? - Epinephrine is release / Decreased ability to respond to stressors Reduced resistance to stressors 83. What clinical findings would the patient in the fight or flight stage present with? - Increased vitals, pupils dilated 84. Signs of inflammation - Pain, warmth, edema, erythema, loss of function 85. Type 1 hypersensitivity mediator and its effect on the body - IgE - Hay fever, systemic anaphylaxis, asthma 86. What do histamines do? - Stimulate vasodilation to increase blood flow to dilute toxins 87. A lab test that can measure inflammation - CBC - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) & C-reactive protein 88. What is metastasis? - to spread - (Cancer spreading) NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN 101. Type 2 hypersensitivity - -B-Lymphocyte -IgG, IgM -RBC & WBC -Complement -Transfusion reactions, Hemolytic disease 102. Type 3 hypersensitivity - -B-Lymphocyte -IgG -Host tissue cells -Complement -Serum sickness, Arthus phenomenon SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis 103. Type 4 hypersensitivity - -T-Lymphocyte -None -Host tissue cells -Cytokines -Contact dermatitis, Infection allergy 104. Apoptosis - Cell kill themselves Cancer cells do not go through this 105. Carcinogenesis NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN - Process in which cancer develops 106. Gangrene - Severe hypoxic injury 107. Benign cell - slow, progressive, localized, well defined, resembles host, grows by expansion 108. Malignant - Rapid growth, spreads quickly, Fatal 109. Cancer complications - Anemia - Decrease in circulation of blood Cachexia - Unexplained weight loss and weakness Leukopenia - Decrease in circulating white blood cells Thrombocytopenia - Decrease in circulating platelets 110. General adaptation syndrome - Alarm Resistance Exhaustion 111. Rheumatoid arthritis - Systemic autoimmune condition involving multiple joints. Inflammatory response in rheumatoid joint leads to accumulation of immune cells and infiltration of the synovium NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN 112. Rheumatoid arthritis clinical manifestation - Low grade fever, malaise, muscle spasms, AM muscle stiffness, bilateral joint pain, fatigue, anorexia, anemia, depression, unsteady gait 113. Conditions which result from excessive immune response - RA, SLE, Guillain-Barre syndrome 114. What is atopic dermatitis - Eczema, chronic inflammatory condition most common in infants, usually resolving in early adulthood 115. What is contact dermatitis - Inflammation of the skin caused by contact with a substance 116. What is psoriatic arthritis - Inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis 117. What causes gout - Overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid. Factors: overweight/obesity, disease (HTN, DM, renal disease, sickle cell anemia) 118. Osteoporosis etiology - Estrogen deficiencies, poor calcium intake, disuse 119. The best prevention for Pressure ulcers/injuries is to perform what intervention NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN 134. Complete fracture - - broken into two or more sperate pieces 135. Incomplete fracture - Partially broken 136. Open fracture / Compound - Skin is broken and bone protrude 137. Closed fracture - Skin is intact 138. Impacted fracture - one end of the bone is forced into the adjacent bone 139. Pathologic fracture - fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone 140. Stress fracture - repeated excessive stress 141. Depressed fracture - cranium is fractured inward toward the brain NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN 142. Shingles - viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves 143. Scabies - contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact 144. Complications of fractures - • Acute compartment syndrome • Crush syndrome • Hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock • Fat embolism syndrome • Venous thromboembolism • Infection • Chronic complications, such as ischemic necrosis, delayed union, and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) 145. IgG - Main defense against bacteria - (passive immunity) NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN 146. IgM - Fight blood infections and triggers production of IgG 147. IgA - Found in membranes of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract - Local immunity 148. IgE - Protects the body through its presence in mucous membranes - Allergic reactions 149. IgD - Present in blood serum and B cells; receptor for antigens 150. Complement - Inactive proteins in the circulation that when activated stimulate the release of mediators, chemotaxis, and phagocytes 151. Prostaglandins - lipid compounds that control Constriction or dilation of vascular smooth muscle, cell growth, sensitization of spinal neurons 152. Etiology - cause of the event 153. Pathogenesis - Evolution of the disease NUR 2063 / NUR2063 xam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Review LATEST 2022/2023 RASMUSSEN