NUR 2349 / NUR2349 Exam 1 Review (Latest 2021 / 2022): Professional Nursing I / PN 1 - Ras, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Nursing

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NUR 2349 Exam 1 Review

1. What is therapeutic communication? a. Therapeutic communication – Patient-centered communication in which the goal is to promote a greater understanding of a patient’s needs, concerns, and feelings. (Burton, 10/2014) b. Therapeutic communication and active listening (listening with concentration and focused energy) are incorporated into your care. You give objective and thorough end-of-shift reports and document objectively about the care given and the status of patients. (deWit, 022016, p. 2)
2. What is active listening? a. Active listening – Techniques that use all the senses to interpret verbal and nonverbal messages. In this type of listening, attention is paid both to what the speaker is saying and also to what the speaker is not saying. The mind of the listener focuses on the interaction and detects feelings as well as the spoken words. (Burton, 10/2014)
3. What role does body language play in the communication process? a. Nonverbal communication is conveyed by body language—facial expressions, posture, body position, behavior, gestures, touch, and general appearance. Nonverbal communication is less conscious and more indirect than verbal communication; consequently, it often conveys more of what a person feels, thinks, and means than what is stated in words. It requires observation and forming a valid, or a true or in- tended, interpretation of the language. (Burton, 10/2014)
4. What are some things that might facilitate or impair our communication with a client? a. Impair – language barriers/religious differences/mistrust/patient is scared b. Facilitate – common language/trust/open body language
5. What would the nurse assess to determine that a client is ready to learn? What strategies might you use for a visually or hearing-impaired client? What types of websites would you recommend to a client who has questions about a health topic? a. Body language b. Visually impaired – brail c. Hearing impaired – images print outs d. Government/medical/trusted sites. CDC.
6. What are the steps of the nursing process, what occurs during each step, and how do you apply them in your daily client care? a. ADPIE i. Assessment is the gathering of information through signs and symptoms, patient history, and objective findings. Just as a physician gathers information by performing a physical examination and a patient history, the nurse gathers information about the patient through asking questions (interviewing), performing a head-to-toe assessment, and reviewing laboratory and diagnostic tests. ii. Diagnosis is the formulation of nursing diagnoses through analysis of the

assessment information that you have gathered. The nursing diagnoses are related to the needs or problems the patient is experiencing. These are completely different than medical diagnoses and are selected based on definitions and defining characteristics. iii. Planning is the process of determining priorities and what nursing actions should be performed to help resolve or manage each patient problem. In addition, the nurse determines expected outcomes for the patient to meet for iv. the nursing diagnosis to be resolved, as well as a realistic time frame for that to occur. The nurse then decides on appropriate interventions to resolve each patient problem or nursing diagnosis. v. Implementation is the process of taking actions to resolve the patient’s problems, the nursing diagnoses. These actions are also called interventions. When the nurse performs these interventions, it is called implementation. The nurse implements the plan to help resolve the patient’s problems. vi. Evaluation is performed when the nurse reflects on the interventions he or she has performed and decides if they have brought the patient closer to achieving the goals and outcomes set in the planning step. If not, the nurse then re- vises and changes the interventions and perhaps the goals to better fit the needs of the patient. (Burton, 10/2014)

7. What type of information might you find on the CDC website? a. Outbreaks, news, updates, information, reports, PDFs to share
8. Know the difference between Health Promotion and Wellness Strategies a.
9. What is critical thinking? – Review page 15 in your textbook. a. Critical thinking is a method for solving problems. It is directed, purposeful mental activity by which you evaluate ideas, construct plans, and determine desired outcomes. Reasoning is a synonym used for critical thinking. In nursing practice, critical thinking incorporates the scientific method and uses clinical reasoning to make reliable observations and to draw sound conclusions from obtained data. Developing critical thinking skills is a lifelong process and improves over time with experience. (deWit, 022016, p. 15)
10. Even though a person may be of high intelligence, they may not be health literate.
11. What are the Nurse Practice Acts? a. In every state, a Nurse Practice Act , or the law governing nurses’ actions, exists. This law is written to specifically address each level of nursing. In every state, LPNs/LVNs are required by law to practice under the super- vision of an RN or physician, and RNs are required to practice under the supervision of a physician. The Nurse Practice Act in each state establishes the scope of practice for each level of nurse, based on educational preparation. The Board of Nursing in each state determines and enforces the contents of the Nurse Practice Act. Other specific allowances or limitations vary from state to state. For example, in some states, LPNs/LVNs are prohibited by the Nurse Practice Act from initiating intravenous (IV) therapy. In other states, LPNs/LVNs are allowed under the law to perform this skill. Safety: It is your responsibility to know the content of the Nurse Practice Act in your state

regarding your scope of practice and to follow it faithfully. (Burton, 10/2014)

12. All Components of therapeutic communication a.
13. Nursing process a. ADPIE (see above)
14. Nursing delegation a. Delegation involves transferring to UAP a nursing task that is within the job description b. Right task, circumstance, person, direction/communication, supervision
15. LPN scope of practice in nursing process and delegation a. Uphold clinical standards b. Provide safe patient care c. Teach patients d. Communicate effectively e. Work as a collab member of the health care team f. Advocate for the patient
16. Therapeutic communication a. See above
17. Effective listening a. See above, same as active listening
18. Healthy People 2020 goals and health indicators a. Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, and the opportunities for progress. b. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. c. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. d. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. e. Healthy People 2020 is a nationwide health promotion and disease prevention agenda to improve the health of all Americans during the first decade of the 21st century. It includes a set of health objectives based on best scientific knowledge. Healthy People 2020 has the potential to affect the health of all Americans and reduce health care costs.
19. CDC website-look at contents and health information
20. Leading health indicators of the nation
21. Client safety and prioritizing client care
22. How do LPNs evaluate learning? a. Teach back
23. Learning domains

a. Learning domains in teaching b. Cognitive Domain -Thinking c. Affective Domain - Feeling d. Psychomotor Domain - Doing e. Learning Styles - Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic also – Blended?

24. Cultural competency and diversity
25. Primary, secondary, tertiary prevention a. Primary – generalized health promotion & specific protection against disease b. Secondary – emphasizes early detection of disease, prompt intervention, & health maintenance for individuals experiencing health problems (Health Screenings) c. Tertiary – begins after an illness, when a defect or disability is fixed, stabilized, or determined to be irreversible - rehabilitation
26. Health Promotion
27. Dosage calculations
28. Therapeutic nurse-client relationships
29. Nursing informatics used for communication
30. What Medicare will NOT cover
31. Critical thinking for nurses-important factors
32. Collaborative patient centered care/interdisciplinary team key components
33. Focused physical assessments skills
34. Priority setting a. Prioritizing includes identifying tasks that are urgent and tasks that can wait

b. After you receive your assignments: i. Review the patient’s chart. ii. Look up required drug information. iii. List focused assessments. iv. List procedures. v. Attend report and make additional notes and question what you do not understand. vi. Make rounds.

35. Olfaction a. smell
36. Maslow’s hierarchy and priority of care

a. b. Priority setting is a method of handling problems and tasks according to the importance of the patient’s problems. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is one way to prioritize nursing care. The lowest level of needs—those needed to sustain life, such as an airway and breathing— must be attended to immediately, even before a formal care plan is developed. All problems might not be included in the initial plan.

37. Nursing diagnoses a. The LPN/LVN reports data collection findings to the RN and assists in verifying, categorizing, and grouping data. b. The LPN/LVN also assists in analyzing the data to determine significant relationships among data, patient needs, and problems. c. A prioritized list of patient problems is developed. d. The focus is on actual and potential patient problems that can be addressed with independent nursing interventions. From the analysis, the RN chooses nursing diagnoses from the current North American Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I) list. e. The nursing diagnoses are general statements or stems that label patient problems. The stem is linked with the etiology (cause) and evidence (signs and symptoms) of the problem. f. NANDA-I–approved stems g. These approved stems label the patient problems that can be independently treated using nursing interventions.

h. A complete nursing diagnosis includes (1) the problem (NANDA-I stem), (2) the etiology (related causes of the problem), and (3) the signs and symptoms (evidence of the problem). i. The etiology component describes the known or suspected cause or causes of a problem (e.g., a patient’s ineffective breathing patterns could be related to etiologies of reduced lung capacity, anxiety, or pain). j. The signs and symptoms of the problem describe the subjective and objective evidence of the problem (i.e., the diagnosis is supported [evidenced] by the assessment data). k. Actual problems are problems that the patient currently exhibits. It should include all three components of the diagnosis statement (problem, etiology, signs and symptoms). l. Potential problem statements begin with the phrase, “risk for” and include the NANDA-I stem and the etiology. m. By identifying potential problems, the nurse is alerted to take preventive measures rather than waiting for a problem to materialize before taking action. n. The LPN/LVN is expected to be familiar with the NANDA-I list of nursing diagnoses.

38. Chart review a. Face sheet provides demographic data such as address, marital status, insurance coverage, age, date of birth, occupation, significant others, and emergency contact information. b. Physician’s history, physical examination, progress notes, and results of diagnostic tests give an overview of the patient’s total health status and provide a summary of current health problems and progress toward resolving them. c. Allergy information should be identified as part of the admission information and displayed prominently on the front of the chart and at other locations as required by the facility’s policies and procedures. d. Physician’s orders provide a clue as to the plan for that day. e. Medication profile sheets or the medication administration record (MAR) lists the routine and as-needed (PRN) medications and provides documentation of medication administration. f. Consultation sheets or nursing documentation includes narrative notes and flow sheets that describe care provided to the patient and the patient’s response to that care. g. Reviewing the nursing documentation provides a comprehensive picture of the patient’s needs and will assist in preparing for beginning patient care.