NUR 254 FINAL EXAM 2024-2025, Exams of Nursing

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NUR 254 FINAL EXAM 2024-

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A new nurse graduate is about to go on her first interview. Which of the following is a good recommendation for the new nurse graduate? Ask questions about the position and facility Which of the following is most important to research before applying for a job? Check the current news for articles about the organization Which of the following is the best recommendation for resume writing? State what you will be able to do for the organization An experienced nurse has moved to a new state and is applying for a position. The nurse has moved several times in the past few years and held several different positions. Which of the following resume types is most appropriate? Functional Which of the following questions is most important to ask yourself in order to write a clear objective statement? What level of responsibility do I want?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a cover letter? An introduction to your resume and to you A new nurse is preparing for a job interview. Knowing that the interviewer may ask about weaknesses, the nurse is prepared to address the lack of experience and explain how prior skills learned will assist in the position. Asking about weaknesses best falls under which of the following interview categories? Professional questions A new nurse is undergoing the transition from student to nurse. Which of the following is true regarding the transition? A new nurse is expected to provide leadership to ancillary staff Which of the following is the best recommendation to assist a new nurse to become accustomed to his or her new position? Participate in formal mentoring programs Which of the following is true regarding internship and residency programs for new nurses? Residency programs teach new nurses clinical leadership skills Which of the following is true about most orientation programs? Orientation programs are best when consistent preceptors are utilized Which of the following recommendations is true regarding the transition to practice? Do not try to change everything at once; focus on a few key areas If you want to learn more about the issues related to nursing practice and health-care policy and participate in active discussions about these issues, which organization should you focus on? American Nurses Association The purpose of which of the following organizations is to use nursing knowledge to advance health policy and practice? American Academy of Nursing A student nurse is looking for opportunities to develop leadership skills and prepare for initial licensing. Which of the following professional organizations should the student nurse join? National Student Nurses Association An experienced registered nurse (RN) is reflecting over the chosen career path. The RN has recently passed the certification examination for his or her chosen speciality. Which of the following career stages is the RN most likely in? Momentum phase

As nurses grow in their profession, it is important to have a career-building toolbox. Which of the following is a professional activity to consider for the toolbox? Join a committee at work A nurse is working hard to stay up-to-date on current practice and continuing to grow in skill and knowledge for his speciality. The nurse is not looking to advance his career, but to remain in his current position. Which of the following phases of the nursing career is this nurse most likely in? Harvest phase Which of the following organizations focuses on providing nurses with evidence-based practice, trends in the field, and standards of specialty practice? Specialty Organizations Which of the following is a reason why all nurses should join the American Nurses Association? The American Nurses Association lobbies legislators to promote the passage of laws affecting the practice of nursing Which of the following is the most effective method of coping with the transition from student to nurse? Identify nurses who were able to make the transition successfully and discuss work-related issues with them Which of the following is a challenge some new nurses may face when transitioning from student to nurse? Employers expect new nurses to be able to provide safe care and set work priorities right from the first day Which of the following most accurately describes a current concern in health care today? Gun violence has become a rising public health concern Which of the following is a benefit of the U.S. health-care system? The use of technology is projected to decrease health-care costs and improve clinical outcomes Which of the following is a change enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act? Expansion of school-based health centers Which of the following is a nursing issue of concern today? Safe staffing Which of the following is the best argument for lower nurse-to-patient ratio? Greater patient-to-nurse ratios decrease patient mortality Although there is projected to be a small surplus of nurses by 2030, some states will continue to see nursing shortages. Which of the following is the best explanation for this situation?

Workforce availability Which of the following is expected to most likely be true in the near future? Increased focus on care transitions will involve nursing A new model for health care in the future would be best to include which of the following? Care that encourages a healthy environment Which of the following best describes the public image of nurses today? Nurses are assistants to physicians Which of the following is the best way to improve nursing's image? Take every opportunity to speak to the public about nursing Which of the following is the best way for a nurse to improve quality of care? Collaborate with other health-care professionals, patients, and their families Which of the following is the best action an individual nurse can take to exert leadership in supporting the profession of nursing? Talk about health-care issues to everyone who will listen, including legislators Which of the following is true regarding the Affordable Care Act? The Affordable Care Act attempted to address many of the issues of interest to nursing, but came with much controversy Which of the following new opportunities might a new nurse see in the future? Transitional Care Which of the following best describes a major concern about the health-care system in the United States? Quality of care What are the differences between functional, team, total patient care, and primary nursing?

• Functional: The focus is on the task and not necessarily holistic client care; The needs of the client are categorized by task, and then the tasks are assigned to the best person for the job
• Team: A group of nursing personnel or a team provides care for a cluster of clients
• Total Patient Care: Nurses care for patients in homes and in hospitals; One RN assumes the responsibility of caring for one client
• Primary: Principle of this model distributes nursing decision making to the nurses who care for the client What are ways to empower nurses?

• Decision Making: Control of nursing practice within an organization
• Autonomy: Ability to act on the basis of one's knowledge and experience
• Manageable Workload: Reasonable work assignments
• Reward and Recognition: Appreciation, both tangible (raises, bonuses) and intangible (praise), received for a job well done
• Fairness: Consistent, equitable treatment of all staff Which of the following is true regarding a career in nursing? The responsibility of career advancement is solely on the individual nurse What is the purpose of a new nurse graduate completing a SWOT analysis? To identify ways in which requirements of a job have been met A new nurse graduate is working on a SWOT analysis. The nurse is considering the influences that could hinder career planning, such as changes in policies and regulations. Which of the following is most likely the section of the SWOT analysis under consideration? Threats A nurse new to the intensive care unit wants to become certified in adult critical care. The nurse considers the qualifications for certification and sets a goal to be ready to take the examination once those qualifications are met. Setting the goal for completion after the qualifications have been met falls under which category of goal setting? Achievable A graduate nurse is using the results of a test for personality patterns to help determine which career path would be best. Which of the following is a test for personality patterns? Myers-Briggs Type Indicator When obtaining details about a position before applying, which of the following questions is important to answer? Is there a match between my skills and interests and the position? Which of the following is a good recommendation for a nurse who is searching for a job using the Internet? Use short paragraphs Which of the following is a good reason to prepare a resume? It demonstrates your potential

Leadership theories and how would you recognize the difference between them? What are key motivational factors a nurse leader should possess? What are the benefits and consequences of conflict? How can conflict resolution be a good thing? What are some activities a nurse can do to grow in their profession? What are the 3 stages or phases of a nurse's career? What is a hierarchy? Key qualities and behaviors an effective nurse leader should have Key steps to being a better follower

• If you discover a problem, inform your team leader or manager right away
• Even better, include a suggestion for solving the problem in your report
• Freely invest your interest and energy in your work
• Be supportive of new ideas and new directions suggested by others
• When you disagree, explain why
• Listen carefully and reflect on what your leader or manager says
• Continue to learn as much as you can about your speciality areas
• Share what you learn How is a nurse manager different from a nurse leader? What qualities are important for a manager? What are the stages of change and how would you recognize them?

1. Precontemplation (As far as I'm concerned, I don't have any problems that need changing, "Never")
2. Contemplation (I guess I have faults, but there's nothing that I really need to change, I've been thinking that I wanted to change something about myself, "Someday")
3. Preparation (I wish I had more ideas on how to solve my problems, I have decided to make changes in the next 2 weeks, "Soon")
4. Action (I am committed to joining a fitness club by the end of the month, Anyone can talk about changing I'm actually doing something about it, "Now")
5. Maintenance (I am doing okay, but I wish I was more consistent, This has become part of my day and I feel it when I don't follow through, "Forever) How did the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act benefit nursing? What things should you consider when applying for a nursing position? What are key concepts to being a team player and having an effective team? Identify future trends in nursing What is important to include with your resume? Professional organizations and how they can advance your career What is emotional intelligence in a nurse leader?

• Consciously address the effect of people's feelings on the team's emotional reality
• Recognizes and understand his or her own emotions
• Welcomes constructive criticism, asks for help when needed, can juggle multiple demands without losing focus, and can turn problems into opportunities
• Listens attentively to others, recognizes unspoken concerns, acknowledges others' perspectives and brings people together in an atmosphere of respect, cooperation, collegiality, and helpfulness so they can direct their energies toward achieving the team's goals Describe power The actual or potential ability to recognize one's will even against the resistance of others; refers to ability Ways to prevent violence
• Participate in or initiate regular workplace assessments
• Be alert for behaviors that precede violence, such as verbal expressions of anger and frustration, threatening body language, signs of drug or alcohol use, or the presence of a weapon
• Know your patients
• Maintain behavior that helps to defuse anger
• If you cannot defuse the situation, then remove yourself from it quickly, call security, and report the situation to management What does SWOT mean? Developing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis What are factors that support a caring environment? The good and bad of EMR's
• Advantages: track data through time; identify which patients need preventive screenings or checkups; monitor patients status regarding health maintenance and prevention, such as blood pressure readings or vaccinations; evaluate and improve the overall quality of care within the specific practice
• Disadvantage: does not easily move out of the specific provider practice or health-care institution What are vital considerations when delegating? The RN has been assigned to care for a group of patients on an inpatient unit. The RN is assigned an LPN and an NAP to assist in caring for the group of patients. Patients are assigned to the RN and nursing team for their entire length of stay on the unit. Which of the following types of nursing does this scenario best represent? Dyad primary nursing An ICU RN has been assigned to a high acuity patient who needs constant assessment and evaluation. What type of nursing is this RN performing? Total patient care

A charge nurse is faced with a unit that is short staffed. The charge nurse reviews the tasks that need to be completed and assigns them to the best person. Which of the following types of nursing does this describe? Functional nursing Two changes to BSN programs Advanced components, accelerated programs No required classes External degree First master's program to prepare for licensure Yale Academic similarities with pre-licensure programs Prepare to pass the NCLEX How long does it take to complete a masters in nursing? At least 1 year What sorts of positions require a masters in nursing? Leadership positions, clinical specialization, teaching Nursing education: Provide a clear link enabling the move between educational levels Articulated programs What triggered accreditation and the move away from apprenticeship in nursing? The Brown report Authority to make decisions is vested in a few individuals Centralized (tall) A number of individuals make decisions in areas in which they have expertise Decentralized (flat) Organization which has both functional structure and projects structure Matrix Where is a matrix structure generally used? A large corporation (hospital) Nursing staff and management are involved in decision making

Shared Governance Award for excellent patient care Magnet Model of nursing: The nurse worked with one patient to meet all of their needs Case method Nursing model: Each nurse on the floor had one specific duty (function) Functional method Disadvantages of the functional method No continuity of care Advantages of the functional method Economical and efficient Nursing model: team leader assigns variously educated workers to provide their best care to a patient Team nursing Nursing model: A nurse is assigned to tend to all of a patient's needs for that shift Total patient care Nursing model: One nurse is responsible for all the care of a patient from admission to discharge Primary care Model of nursing: floors were divided into modules with the same team of care assigned consistently to a module Modular care Model of nursing: Patient care is provided to a group of patients by a nurse and a UAP Partnership model Model of nursing: Health care services are controlled to ensure that policies are followed, the right amount of care is given, and costs are minimized. Case management Care model (type of care): Appointments/contact with clients are measured in minutes or hours (therapy, office visits, ED visits) In and out care Care model (length of stay): Provides care for less than 24 hours (minimally invasive surgeries, diagnostic tests)

Short stay Care model (length of stay): Patients stay more than 24 hours but less than 30 days Acute care Model of care (length of stay): Provides care to residents for the remainder of their lives OR recovery for 30-90 days Long term care Care mode (type of care): Illness needing immediate hospitalization and continuous availability of skilled nursing care Acute care inpatient Care model (type of care): Illness that has stabilized but still needs the ongoing provision of skilled care Long term acute care Care model (type of care): Care provided after the initial recovery of an acute illness, needing inpatient care Subacute care Model of care (type): care following subacute care Skilled nursing care Model of care (type): Care that is needed due to functional deficits in ADLs, rather than illness itself Custodial care Care model (type of care): Care provided to the terminally ill for the last six months prior to death Hospice care Care model (type of care): Care for the patient who can come to the clinic, receive health care, and be discharged home Ambulatory care Models of nursing: Care providers visit the home and provide some care and teaching, and evaluate the home environment Home care Each time a service is provided, a fee is generated and billed to the care recipient Fee for service payment A fixed reimbursement amount for all the care a patient required Prospective payment

Determine the payment for each Medicare client admitted to the hospital Diagnosis related groups Provides incentive for hospitals to control costs Prospective payment Categories used to determine prospective payment for nursing home clients Resource utilization groups Basis for determining to which RUG a nursing home resident will be assigned Minimum data set Fixed reimbursement for all long term care provided Prospective payment system A fee is paid to a provider organization for each person signed up for the plan whether or not that person uses any health care services Capitation Advantages of technology in health care Saves time Disadvantages of technology in health care Requires more office space and conference rooms How are changes in the population affecting costs in health care? Aging population requires more care How does uncompensated care affect the cost of health care? Patients must be evaluated before discharge, but the provider is never compensated What other factors contribute to health care costs? Lack of competition, increase in hcp salaries Organizations that provide every level of health care service for a capitated fee Vertically integrated health care systems Power type: Agencies which administer licensing laws that govern who is allowed to practice and in which institutions Regulatory power Type of power: power to demand changes in the health care system by establishing rigid criteria for payment services

Third party payer power Type of power: Power to determine who enters the system when Physician power Type of power: power to determine that the patient needs to seek care Consumer power Type of power: Power through collective bargaining and shared governance Nurse power Methods of evaluating health care access Economic, geographic, sociocultural The right of self-determination or choice, independence, and freedom Autonomy Nursing ethics: Prohibition of intentional harm Nonmaleficence Nursing ethics: Obligation to do good to others Beneficence Ethical concepts: Obligation to treat like cases similarly Justice Obligation to be faithful to agreements, commitments, and responsibilities Fidelity Telling the truth/not intentionally misleading patients Veracity What is the main avenue for recognizing the chemically impaired nurse? Through non-impaired coworkers Treatments that are nonbeneficial, harmful, or both Futile treatments Legal documents: Document that indicates the wishes of an individual with regard to end-of-life issues Advance directive Requires all Medicare and Medicaid providers inform patients on admission of their right to refuse treatment

Patient self determination act Legal documents: A type of advance directive in which a person specifies what measures to include in care if they become terminally ill Living will Legal documents: An individual may designate another person to have the power and authority to make health care decisions for them should they be unable to do so Durable power of attorney No extraordinary or heroic measures are undertaken to sustain a life Negative euthanasia The physician prescribes, supplies, or administers an agent that results in death Positive euthanasia Organization involved in licensure of nursing; it's primary interest is the concerns of the nurses it represents ANA Aims to advance quality nursing educations that prepares the nursing workforce to meet the needs of diverse populations in an ever-changing healthcare environment NLN Provides a forum for the legal regulatory bodies of all states etc. to act together in the regulation of nursing practice for the protection of the public NCSBN Work toward uniform terminology and definitions to be used in nursing diagnoses and to share ideas and information regarding this topic NANDA-I Professional organization for students in schools of nursing NSNA