NUR 265 EXAM #2
WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS|latest
update 2025
Define telangiectasias - ANSWER-Spider veins
What are the three P's of occlusion? - ANSWER-- pain
- pallor
- pulselessness
Venous or Arterial?
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NUR 265 Exam #2: Respiratory and Cardiovascular System Review, Exams of Nursing
A comprehensive review of key concepts related to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, focusing on common clinical presentations, assessment techniques, and diagnostic considerations. It includes a series of questions and answers covering topics such as lung sounds, heart sounds, venous and arterial disorders, and respiratory changes across the lifespan. This resource is valuable for students in nursing programs or healthcare professionals seeking to refresh their knowledge in these areas.
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2024/2025
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NUR 265 EXAM
WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS|latest
update 2025
Define telangiectasias - ANSWER-Spider veins
What are the three P's of occlusion? - ANSWER-- pain
- pallor
- pulselessness
Venous or Arterial?
Increased edema - ANSWER-Venous
Venous or Arterial?
Skin is dry and flaky with brownish discoloration - ANSWER-Venous
Venous or Arterial?
Leg elevation lessens pain - ANSWER-Venous
Venous or Arterial?
Pedal pulses normal - ANSWER-Venous
Venous or Arterial?
Nails are normal - ANSWER-Venous
Tissue is thin and shiny - ANSWER-Arterial
Venous or Arterial?
No edema - ANSWER-Arterial
Venous or Arterial?
Hair loss - ANSWER-Arterial
Venous or Arterial?
Hair present - ANSWER-Venous
Venous or Arterial?
Wound lacks granulation tissue, smooth edges are well defined - ANSWER-Arterial
Venous or Arterial?
Ulcers on lateral malleolus, lower third of leg, toes, web spaces - ANSWER-Arterial
Venous or Arterial?
Pedal pulses are diminished - ANSWER-Arterial
Venous or Arterial?
Yellow, thickened nails - ANSWER-Arterial
Venous or Arterial?
Pain is severe - ANSWER-Arterial
What disease process is associated with dependent rubor? - ANSWER-PAD
Costal angle should be what degree or less? - ANSWER-90 degree or less
Where is the cut off from upper respiratory to lower respiratory? - ANSWER- Upper airway stops at larynx
Where does gas exchange occur specifically in the lungs? - ANSWER-Alveoli
On posterior, are upper or lower lobes predominant? - ANSWER-Lower lobes
On anterior, are upper or lower lobes predominant? - ANSWER-Upper lobes
What is different about the lungs in a newborn that was literally just born???? - ANSWER-Lungs are filled with fluid in womb. When born, the fluid drains and gas exchange starts occurring (they start crying)
- newborns have a lower oxygen saturation
How many breaths per minute is an infant? - ANSWER-24-
From ages 1-3, what is the breaths per minute? - ANSWER-22-
What is the big environmental risks for infants and children? - ANSWER-Second hand smoke!!
- increases risk for ADHD, depression, anxiety, and learning disabilities
In pregnancy, where is the PMI? (what intercostal) - ANSWER-4th ICS
What are some respiratory changes in older adults? - ANSWER-- calcification of cartilage (easier to break)
- thorax less mobile
What is the cause of pain with breathing is early in the morning? - ANSWER- COPD, smoker
Define orthopnea - ANSWER-Difficulty breathing supine
Define paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - ANSWER-Sudden nighttime difficulty breathing
What some causes of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? - ANSWER-COPD, heart failure
How do you calculate pack years? - ANSWER-avg # packs smoked per/day X # years smoked = pack years
How many respiratory infections per year is normal for children? - ANSWER-4-
Besides second hand smoke, what else is important to note for children within the household? - ANSWER-Are chemicals locked up?
If an older adult says they're having pain when breathing, what is the first thing we should think of? - ANSWER-Fractures
When someone is constantly sighing, what can this indicate? - ANSWER-They're about to have a panic attack
If someone is severely anemic, will they be bradypnea or tachypneic? - ANSWER- Tachy
Does intracranial pressure cause bradypnea or tachypnea? - ANSWER-Brady
Define cheyne-stokes breathing - ANSWER-Start breathing fast then slow then apnea
List the discontinuous lung sounds - ANSWER-- crackles (fine)
- crackles (coarse)
List the continuous lung sounds - ANSWER-- wheeze
- stridor
- rhonchi
- pleural friction rub
Define what crackles sounds like - ANSWER-Intermittent rattling, crackling, popping, or bubbling sound
- can be high pitched (fine) or low pitched (coarse)
When a patient has orthopenia, what should we do? - ANSWER-2+ pillows/raise HOB
When is a pulse ox reading unreliable? - ANSWER-- hypothermia
- cardiac arrest
- shock
- PAD
In hyperventilation, is more CO2 being inhaled or exhaled? - ANSWER-Exhaled
What are the manifestations of hyperventilation? - ANSWER-- numbness/tingling extremities
- heart palpitations
- chest pain
- lightheaded
- unconsciousness
Are crackles cleared with coughing? - ANSWER-No
What causes crackles? - ANSWER-Increased fluid, inflammation, or consolidations can take up space around not fully inflated alveoli and cause crackles
What are some causes of rhonchi? - ANSWER-Caused by fluid, mucus, or growth in larger airways
What does a pleural friction rub sound like? - ANSWER-Low pitched, coarse, grating tone
What causes a pleural friction rub? - ANSWER-Inflammation of pleura, very painful
What does a stridor sound like? - ANSWER-High pitched crowing sound that is heard without a stethoscope
What is an adventitious sound? - ANSWER-Extra lung sounds
What do you do if you hear adventitious sounds? - ANSWER-Ask patient to take a deep breath and cough to clear airway
What do respiratory retractions look like? - ANSWER-The rising of clavicles and sinking of skin above or below clavicles during inspiration
Define ataxic breathing - ANSWER-Involves period of apnea
- irregular with varying depths of respirations and periods of apnea
What can cause ataxic breathing? - ANSWER-- brain injury
- meningitis
- respiratory depression
Use of accessory muscles to breathe over long periods of time can cause ____ and ____ - ANSWER-fatigue and anorexia
In respiratory distress, skin can become ____ and ____ - ANSWER-cool and damp
Venous or Arterial?
Where is S3 heard in the cardiac cycle? - ANSWER-Early diastole
What does S4 indicate? - ANSWER-Stiff ventricles ---> lay patient lateral to hear better
Where do you hear S4 in the cardiac cycle? - ANSWER-Immediately before S
Which side of the stethoscope is used to listen to extra heart sounds? - ANSWER- Bell
S3 is also called what? - ANSWER-A ventricular gallop
Where do you hear a murmur and where do you hear a bruit? What do they sound like? - ANSWER-Blowing swooshing sound
Murmur - heart
Bruit - neck
What is a lift/heave? - ANSWER-- seen on inspection
- see chest/heart move
- d/t enlarged heart
What is a thrill? - ANSWER-Vibration
What is all included in a cardiac hx/interview? - ANSWER-- pain
- sob
- sleep position
- dizzy/lightheaded
- cough
- cyanosis/pallor
- fatigue
- edema
- nocturia
- meds