NUR-3250 Pharmacology Exam 1 with correct responses, Exams of Nursing

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NUR-3250 Pharmacology Exam 1 with correct responses

anxiety |- |correct |answer |-Unpleasant |feeling |of |tension, |fear, |or |nervousness |in |response |to |an |environmental |stimulus, |whether |real |or |imaginary

major |depression |- |correct |answer |-a |disorder |characterized |by |severe |negative |moods |or |a |lack |of |interest |in |normally |pleasurable |activities; |thought |to |be |caused |by |brain |deficiency |of |major |neurotransmitters

aspirin |- |correct |answer |-- |salicylate |

• |available |OTC
• |most |widely |used |for |treating |inflammation
• |prevents |heart |attacks |at |a |small |dose
• |Do |not |give |to |children

salicylates |- |correct |answer |-- |anti-inflammatory

• |antipyretic
• |analgesic |
• |inhibit |synthesis |or |prostaglandins |(cause |inflammatory |reaction); |blocks |pyrogens |(increase |body |temp)

CNS |depressants, |hypnotics, |sedatives |- |correct |answer |-block |the |awareness |and |reaction |to |the |environmental |stimuli; |induce |drowsiness |and |calming |effects

dopamine |- |correct |answer |-Involved |in |fine |motor |movement, |integration |of |emotions |and |thoughts, |decision |making |and |coordination |of |impulses

serotonin |- |correct |answer |-Responsible |for |arousal, |sleep, |hunger, |mood, |pain |perception

norepinephrine |- |correct |answer |-- |plays |an |important |role |in |the |fight |or |flight |response, |mood, |attention, |and |arousal

• |responsible |for |rise |in |BP, |HR, |and |blood |glucose |when |released |into |blood |stream

tyramine |- |correct |answer |-- |found |in |food |that |causes |vasoconstriction |and |raises |blood |pressure

• |drug-food |interactions |with |MAOI |poses |the |risk |or |a |severe |hypertensive |crisis

acetaminophen |- |correct |answer |-- |Widely |used |agent

• |Antipyretic |and |analgesic |properties
• |Does |not |have |anti-inflammatory |effects |of |the |salicylates |of |the |NSAIDs
• |most |frequently |used |for |treating |pain |and |fever |in |children |
• |acts |on |hypothalamus

acetylcysteine |- |correct |answer |-Can |be |used |as |an |antidote |the |overdose |of |acetaminophen

NSAIDs |black |box |warning |- |correct |answer |-pointing |out |CV |and |GI |bleeding |risks |(could |lead |to |death)

Prostaglandins |- |correct |answer |-- |made |at |the |site |of |the |inflammation, |and |they |cause |the |inflammatory |factors

Ø |Pain

Ø |Fever

Ø |Part |of |the |healing |process

NSAID |side |effects |- |correct |answer |-GI |effects, |bleeding, |headaches, |dizziness, |fatigue, |platelet |inhibition, |bone |marrow |depression

NSAID |medications |and |indications |- |correct |answer |-- |block |the |COX |(causes |pain |through |prostaglandins) |

• |Naproxen
• |Celecoxib |
• |Ibuprofen |(can |cause |peptic |ulcer |or |gastritis)

• |Treatment |of |pain, |arthritis, |juvenile |arthritis, |dysmenorrhea,

arthritis |- |correct |answer |-The |swelling |of |one |or |more |joints; |joint |pain |and |stiffness

Osteoarthritis: |wear |and |tear |of |the |cartilage |in |joints

Rheumatoid |arthritis: |immune |system |attacks |joints

COX-2 |Inhibitors |- |correct |answer |-- |NSAID

• |act |on |the |sites |of |trauma |and |injury |by |blocking |the |inflammatory |reaction
• |risk |of |Steven-Johnson's |syndrome |
• |Celecoxib

lidocaine |- |correct |answer |-- |Anesthetic

• |Short-acting |preferred |for |short |procedures

dangerous |if |absorbed |systemically

Tricyclic |Antidepressants |(TCAs) |- |correct |answer |-- |block |the |reuptake |of |serotonin |and |norepinephrine |(more |in |synaptic |cleft) |

• |not |first |choice |because |they |have |more |serious |side |effects |
• |Nortriptyline
• |Amitriptyline
• |Amoxapine

Tricyclic |Antidepressants |(TCAs) |indications |- |correct |answer |-- |depression

• |anxiety
• |enuresis |in |children |
• |OCD
• |bipolar |disorder

dantrolene |- |correct |answer |-- |muscle |relaxant

• |used |for |treatment |of |malignant |hyperthermia

Opiates |- |correct |answer |-- |analgesics |

• |hydrocodone |
• |methadone
• |morphine |(used |pre |and |post |op; |during |labor)
• |oxycodone |
• |tramadol |(limit |with |history |of |addictions)

pentazocine

anesthetics |- |correct |answer |-- |given |for |analgesia, |pain |control, |amnesia, |and |consciousness

• |Profound |CNS |depression
• |lidocaine

Naloxone |(Narcan) |- |correct |answer |-- |Opioid |antagonist

• |used |for |opioid |overdose, |reversal |of |opioid |effects

Anti-migraine |Agents |- |correct |answer |-- |Ergots |(Ergotamine)

• |Triptans |(Sumatriptan)
• |Women |of |childbearing |age |should |be |encouraged |to |use |contraception |because |these |drugs |are |contraindicated |in |pregnancy

Gait |Control |Theory |- |correct |answer |-- |Pain |is |recognized |in |the |brain

• |Says |that |if |you |experience |pain |in |one |area |and |you |pretend |it |happened |in |a |different |area, |you |can |trick |your |brain |into |thinking |it |didn't |happen |in |the |real |area
• |Works |very |well |pediatrics

Why |shouldn't |children |take |aspirin? |- |correct |answer |-Could |cause |Ray's |syndrome

narcotics |- |correct |answer |-- |used |to |treat |pain; |analgesics |

• |fentanyl |(one |of |the |strongest |drugs; |high |overdose |possibility)
• |morphine |
• |oxycodone |
• |always |check |pain |level |and |respiratory |function

benzodiazepines |- |correct |answer |-- |narcotic |drugs |that |lower |anxiety |and |reduce |stress; |produce |sleepiness |and |drowsiness |(check |for |sedation)

• |act |on |CNS: |RAS |and |GABA
• |treat |anxiety, |SEIZURES, |insomnia, |muscle |spasm, |alcohol |withdrawal, |panic |disorder |
• |Alprazolam |(Xanax)
• |Midazolam |
• |Clonazepam
• |Diazepam |
• |Lorazepam |(Antivan)

note |about |benzodiazepines |- |correct |answer |-- |controlled |substance; |very |addictive |

• |do |not |give |IV, |take |with |alcohol, |statins, |or |other |drugs, |operate |heavy |machinery |or |drive, |DO |NOT |QUIT |SUDDENLY
• |fall |risk
• |monitor |liver |and |kidney

OTC |medications |- |correct |answer |-- |can |interfere |with |prescription |meds |

• |mask |signs |and |symptoms |of |diseases |and |make |diagnosis |more |difficult

flumazenil |- |correct |answer |-- |The |drug |you |reverse |benzos |with

• |Problem |with |reversing |benzos |is |that |could |cause |a |rebound |seizure, |hypotension, |bradycardic |events

Do |not |want |to |reverse |if |being |taken |for |seizure |disorders

Why |are |benzodiazepines |used |cautiously |in |the |elderly? |- |correct |answer |-possibility |of |unpredictable |reactions

note |about |all |medications |- |correct |answer |-- |maintain |steady |rate, |do |not |skip |doses, |contact |HCP |if |you |do |

• |never |take |with |alcohol

Barbiturates |- |correct |answer |-- |drugs |that |depress |central |nervous |system |activity, |reducing |anxiety |but |impairing |memory |and |judgement

• |more |addicting |than |most |anxiolytics |
• |phenobarbital

What |group |of |clients |are |most |susceptible |to |the |sedating |effects |of |benzodiazepines? |- |correct |answer |-African |Americans

opioids |in |children, |adults, |and |older |adults |- |correct |answer |-- |safety |and |effectiveness |not |established; |dose |calculated |carefully |and |close |monitoring

• |methadone |not |for |children
• |adults |high |risk |of |addiction |
• |older |adults |more |likely |to |experience |CNS, |GI, |CV, |and |toxic |effects

zolepidem |and |eszopiclone |- |correct |answer |-- |hypnotic/sedative

• |used |to |treat |insomnia

SSRIs |(selective |serotonin |reuptake |inhibitors) |- |correct |answer |-- |block |reuptake |of |serotonin |(more |in |synaptic |cleft)

• |preferred |antidepressants |because |they |have |fewer |side |effects |
• |Paroxetine
• |Citalopram |(Celexa)
• |Ecitalopram
• |Sertraline |(Zoloft)

• |Fluoxetine |(Prozac)

Acetylcholine |- |correct |answer |-A |neurotransmitter |that |enables |learning |and |memory |and |also |triggers |muscle |contraction

SSRI |indications |- |correct |answer |-- |depression

• |OCD
• |PMDD
• |PTSD
• |social |anxiety |disorders; |general |anxiety |disorders
• |trichotillomania |
• |panic |disorders

SNRIs |- |correct |answer |-- |block |reuptake |of |serotonin |and |norepinephrine

• |Duloxetine
• |Venlafaxine |(Effexor |(XR))

why |are |antidepressants |must |be |tapered |instead |of |abruptly |discontinued? |- |correct |answer |-- |Abrupt |cessation |causes |a |withdrawal |syndrome

• |characterized |by |nausea, |headache, |vertigo, |malaise, |and |nightmares

wait |time |as |it |pertains |to |discontinuing |one |antidepressant |and |starting |another. |- |correct |answer |-6 |weeks |to |avoid |adverse |effects

What |if |there |is |no |drug |book |and |you |need |to |check |for |drug-drug |interactions? |- |correct |answer |- call |the |pharmacy

Who |is |responsible |for |patient |education? |- |correct |answer |-The |nurse

What |is |the |difference |between |major |depression |and |seasonal |depression? |- |correct |answer |- major |is |persistent |and |seasonal |depends |on |the |time |of |day |or |the |season |(intermittent)

Discuss |suicide |risk |for |the |client |that |has |recently |started |antidepressant |medication |- |correct |answer |-- |Establish |suicide |precautions |for |severely |depressed |patients |and |limit |the |quantity |of |the |drug |dispersed |to |decrease |the |risk |of |overdoes |to |cause |harm

• |Be |careful |with |patients |that |are |severely |depressed |because |they |can |feel |better |quickly |and |have |the |energy |to |carry |out |their |suicide |plan

Describe |the |risks |of |herbal |and |alternative |therapies |and |antidepressants |- |correct |answer |-- |Patients |being |treated |with |SSRIs |are |at |an |increased |risk |of |developing |a |severe |reaction |(serotonin |syndrome) |

• |the |use |of |herbal |and |alternative |therapies |could |cause |a |higher |increase |of |the |same |hormone |leading |to |interactions

Discuss |smoking |cessation, |bupropion |and |the |black |box |warnings. |- |correct |answer |-- |Buproprion |is |an |antidepressant |approved |to |help |with |smoking |cessation

• |Patient |should |begin |taking |the |drug | 1 |week |before |he/she |decides |to |stoke |smoking
• |Black |box |warning |for |potentially |serious |mental |health |events |including |behavioral |changes, |depression, |hostility, |aggression, |and |suicidality; |CV |events

MAOIs |(monoamine |oxidase |inhibitors) |- |correct |answer |-- |prevent |the |breakdown |of |dopamine, |norepinephrine, |and |serotonin |

• |drug-food |interactions |with |tyramine, |wine, |citrus |juices, |and |grapefruit |juice |
• |Phenelzine |(Nardil)
• |Isocarboxazid
• |Tranylcypromine

problem |with |TCAs |- |correct |answer |-- |some |of |the |original |antidepressants

• |originally |made |to |treat |panic |disorders |and |amputation |phantom |pain
• |overdose |could |be |lethal |
• |serious |side |effects

Baclofen |- |correct |answer |-- |muscle |relaxant

• |Treatment |of |muscle |spasticity |associated |with |neuromuscular |diseases |such |as |multiple |sclerosis, |muscle |rigidity, |and |spinal |cord |injuries
• |no |drinking, |no |driving, |drowsiness

People |should |not |take |muscle |relaxants |if |they |have... |- |correct |answer |-- |congestive |heart |failure, |arrythmias, |heart |block, |hyperthyroidism, |or |right |after |myocardial |infarction

muscle |relaxants |- |correct |answer |-- |relax |the |muscle |spasms |and |stiffness

• |act |on |CNS; |cause |constipation, |decreased |BP
• |withdraw |slowly
• |Cyclobenzaprine
• |Robaxin |(methocarbomol)
• |Baclofen

How |long |does |it |take |for |the |therapeutics |effect |of |antidepressants |to |onset? |- |correct |answer |-as |long |as | 4 |weeks

warning |with |antidepressant |use |in |children |- |correct |answer |-- |monitor |for |suicidal |ideation |

• |avoid |using |MAOIs

Nortriptyline |side |effects |- |correct |answer |-- |sedation/drowsiness

• |blurred |vision
• |dry |mouth
• |diaphoresis |(sweating) |
• |diarrhea; |constipation
• |urinary |retention
• |increased |appetite
• |sexual |dysfunction

Morphine |side |effects |- |correct |answer |-CNS |effects:

• |Drowsiness
• |Respiratory |depression
• |Euphoria
• |Nausea, |vomiting
• |Addiction
• |Pin-point |pupils

Cardiovascular |effects:

• |Hypotension
• |Bradycardia

Medications |that |act |on |the |CNS |- |correct |answer |-- |Benzodiazepines, |hypnotics, |muscle |relaxants |

• |do |not |stop |abruptly, |especially |not |if |they |are |being |used |to |treat |seizures |
• |take |it |low |and |slow

Acetaminophen |side |effects |- |correct |answer |-- |nausea

• |tiredness |(fatigue)
• |anorexia
• |vomiting
• |paleness |(pallor)
• |excessive |sweating |(diaphoresis)
• |TOXIC |ON |THE |LIVER |ESPECIALLY |IF |TAKEN |WITH |ALCOHOL

TCA's |side |effects |- |correct |answer |-- |anticholinergic |effects

• |orthostatic |hypotension
• |sedation
• |hallucinations |
• |weight |gain

• |tachycardia
• |sexual |dysfunction
• |GI, |GU, |CV

5 |steps |of |the |nursing |process |- |correct |answer |-- |Assessment

• |Nursing |Diagnosis
• |Planning
• |Implementation
• |Evaluation

5 |rights |of |medication |- |correct |answer |-- |right |patient

• |right |drug
• |right |dose
• |right |route
• |right |time

Subjective |data |- |correct |answer |-things |a |person |tells |you |about |that |you |cannot |observe |through |your |senses; |symptoms

What |is |civility |in |the |workplace? |- |correct |answer |-a |work |environment |where |workers |are |respectful |and |considerate |in |their |interactions |with |one |another

What |is |the |Good |Samaritan |Law? |What |should |you |always |do |when |aiding? |- |correct |answer |-- |Protects |healthcare |providers |who |give |aid |in |an |emergency |situation |while |off |duty. |Provider |is |not |obligated |to |give |care |but |care |that |is |started |cannot |be |abandoned, |care |must |be |within |providers |scope |of |practice, |and |care |must |not |be |grossly |negligent.

• |always |call |for |help/assistance/911 |and |never |take |on |anything |alone

Note |about |supervising |personel |- |correct |answer |-- |never |document |medications |until |you |have |administered |them

Objective |data |- |correct |answer |-what |the |health |professional |observes |by |inspecting, |palpating, |percussing, |and |auscultating |during |the |physical |examination

half-life |- |correct |answer |-- |The |time |it |takes |for |the |amount |of |drug |in |the |body |to |decrease |to |one |half |of |the |peak |level |it |previously |achieved

• |important |because |it |tells |you |when |to |administer |again |and |the |effectiveness |of |the |drug

first-pass |effect |- |correct |answer |-drugs |given |orally |are |carried |directly |into |the |liver |after |absorption, |where |they |may |be |largely |inactivated |by |liver |enzymes |before |they |can |enter |the |general |circulation; |oral |drugs |are |frequently |given |in |higher |doses |than |drugs |given |by |other |routes |because |of |this |early |breakdown

generic |name |- |correct |answer |-legal |noncommercial |name |for |a |drug; |chemical |name

trade/brand |name |- |correct |answer |-name |given |by |the |manufacturer

loading |dose |- |correct |answer |-A |higher |dose |than |that |usually |used |for |treatment |to |reach |the |critical |concentration |during |critical |conditions |ex: |asthma |attacks

adverse |effect |- |correct |answer |-- |the |negative |effects |of |a |drug

• |Unintended, |undesirable, |often |unpredictable

anaphylaxis |- |correct |answer |-severe |allergic |reaction |that |may |result |in |death

drug |holiday |- |correct |answer |-- |When |you |take |time |off |from |taking |a |drug |(for |a |weekend; |only |a |couple |of |days |but |need |approval |from |health |care |provider)

• |in |case |of |sexual |dysfunction, |low |libido, |relieve |adverse |effects, |develop |tolerance

black |box |warning |- |correct |answer |-A |type |of |warning |that |appears |in |a |drug's |prescribing |information |and |is |required |by |the |U.S. |Food |and |Drug |Administration |(FDA) |to |alert |prescribers |of |serious |adverse |events |that |have |occurred |with |the |given |drug.

pregnancy |category |A |- |correct |answer |-Studies |in |pregnant |women |show |no |risk |to |fetus |in |the |first |trimester

Pregnancy |category |B |- |correct |answer |-Either |animal |studies |have |not |demonstrated |a |fetal |risk |but |there |are |no |controlled |studies |in |pregnant |women, |or |animal |studies |have |shown |an |adverse |effect |that |was |not |confirmed |in |controlled |studies |in |women |in |the |1st |trimester

Pregnancy |category |C |- |correct |answer |-animal |studies |have |shown |an |adverse |effect |on |the |fetus; |not |studies |in |humans; |benefits |should |outweigh |the |risk

Pregnancy |Category |D |- |correct |answer |-there |is |evidence |of |human |fetal |risk; |benefit |must |outweigh |the |risk

Pregnancy |Category |X |- |correct |answer |-studies |in |animals |or |humans |demonstrate |fetal |abnormalities |or |adverse |reactions; |the |risk |outweighs |the |benefit

metabolism |and |excretion |of |drugs |- |correct |answer |-most |drugs |are |metabolized |in |the |liver |and |

excreted |through |the |kidneys

What |are |analgesics |used |for? |- |correct |answer |-to |relieve |pain

importance |of |taking |a |patient's |medication |history |- |correct |answer |-- |to |determine |if |any |conditions |exist |that |would |be |contraindications |or |cautions |for |using |a |drug

• |past |experiences |and |illnesses |can |influence |a |drug's |effect; |can |help |avoid |adverse |effects

why |is |it |important |not |to |abruptly |discontinue |some |medication? |- |correct |answer |-it |could |cause |withdrawal |syndrome

What |is |the |role |of |the |FDA? |- |correct |answer |-responsible |for |determining |if |a |food |or |drug |is |safe |and |effective |enough |to |be |sold |to |the |public; |involved |in |tracking |medication |errors

teratogenicity |- |correct |answer |-the |capacity |to |cause |birth |defects

drug-drug |interactions |- |correct |answer |-

pharmacokinetics |- |correct |answer |-The |way |the |body |deals |with |a |drug, |including |absorption, |distribution, |biotransformation/metabolism, |and |excretion

pharmacodynamics |- |correct |answer |-How |the |drug |affects |the |body

polypharmacy |- |correct |answer |-the |use |of |medications |to |treat |different |conditions |(most |common |in |the |elderly; |high |risk |of |drug-drug |interactions)

tolerance |- |correct |answer |-The |drug |no |longer |causes |the |same |reaction; |therefore, |increasingly |larger |doses |are |needed |to |achieve |a |therapeutic |effect

agonist |- |correct |answer |-A |chemical |that |mimics |the |action |of |a |neurotransmitter; |activates |certain |receptors |in |the |brain

antagonist |- |correct |answer |-a |molecule |that |inhibits |or |blocks |a |neurotransmitter's |action

all |drugs |- |correct |answer |-have |intended, |off-label, |and |adverse |effects

Sources |of |individual |variation |(response |to |a |medication) |- |correct |answer |-- |weight |(meds |aimed |at | 150 |lb |adults; |heavier |= |larger |doses; |smaller |= |smaller |doses; |careful |with |toxic |effects)

• |age |(children |and |older |adults |metabolize |drugs |differently)
• |gender(men |have |more |vascular |muscles; |drug |effect |sooner |in |men; |women |have |more |fat |cells; |drugs |may |deposit |in |fat |and |release |slowly)
• |psychological |factors
• |pathological |factors |
• |genetic |factors |(cultures)
• |immunological |factors |
• |environmental |factors

oral |route |- |correct |answer |-- |Most |frequently |used |because |it |is |not |invasive, |less |expensive, |and |the |safest |way |to |administer |drugs

• |patients |can |continue |drug |regimens |at |home
• |disadvantage: |medications |can |be |affected |by |stomach |acidity |(which |is |why |some |are |to |be |take | 1 |or | 2 |hours |before |a |meal)

intramuscular |route |- |correct |answer |-- |Medication |is |absorbed |faster |than |subcutaneous |injection |due |to |more |capillaries |in |the |muscle |tissue

• |Takes |time |because |the |drug |must |be |picked |up |by |the |capillary |and |taken |to |the |veins |for |circulation
• |men |have |more |vascular |muscles |so |IM |route |reaches |peak |in |men |faster |than |in |women

intravenous |route |- |correct |answer |-- |Skip |absorption

• |Reach |their |full |strength |at |the |time |of |injection, |avoiding |initial |breakdown |because |they |directly |enter |the |blood |stream
• |Disadvantage: |they |are |more |likely |to |cause |toxic |effects |because |the |margin |error |in |dose |is |much |smaller

subcutaneous |route |- |correct |answer |-- |Drug |is |injected |just |under |the |skin |where |it |is |slowly |absorbed |into |circulation

Disadvantage: |timing |of |absorption |varies |depending |on |the |fat |content |of |the |injection |site |and |the |state |of |local |circulation

Stevens-Johnson |Syndrome |- |correct |answer |-a |serious |and |potentially |fatal |skin |reaction |to |drugs

general |CNS |effects |of |drugs |- |correct |answer |-- |Blood-brain |barrier |protects |the |brain |from |many |drug |effects

• |Drugs |still |manage |to |affect |neurological |functioning |either |directly |or |indirectly |by |altering |electrolyte |or |glucose |levels

Atropine-like |(anticholinergic) |effects |- |correct |answer |-- |Some |drugs |block |the |effects |of |the |parasympathetic |nervous |system |by |directly |or |indirectly |blocking |cholinergic |receptors

• |dry |mouth, |urinary |retention, |blurred |vision

phase |I |study |- |correct |answer |-a |pilot |study |of |a |potential |drug |using |a |small |number |of |selected, |usually |healthy |human |volunteers

phase |II |study |- |correct |answer |-a |clinical |study |of |a |proposed |drug |by |selected |physicians |using |actual |patients |who |have |the |disorder |the |drug |is |designed |to |treat; |patients |must |provide |informed |consent

Phase |III |Studies |- |correct |answer |-use |of |a |proposed |drug |on |a |wide |scale |in |the |clinical |setting |with |patients |who |have |the |disease |the |drug |is |thought |to |treat

phase |IV |study |- |correct |answer |-continuous |evaluation |of |a |drug |after |it |has |been |released |for |marketing

In |preclinical |trials, |chemicals |that |may |have |therapeutic |value |are |tested |on |laboratory |animals |for |two |main |purposes: |- |correct |answer |-(1) |to |determine |whether |they |have |the |presumed |effects |in |living |tissue |and |(2) |to |evaluate |any |adverse |effects.

drug-drug |interactions |at |the |site |of |absorption |- |correct |answer |-- |One |drug |prevents |or |accelerates |absorption |of |another |drug

• |Ex: |antibiotic |tetracycline |not |being |absorbed |from |the |GI |tract |if |calcium |is |present |because |calcium |binds |with |tetracycline

drug-drug |interaction |during |distribution |- |correct |answer |-- |One |drug |competes |for |the |protein- binding |site |of |another |drug, |so |the |second |drug |can't |be |transported |to |the |reactive |tissue

drug-drug |interaction |during |biotransformation |- |correct |answer |-- |One |drug |stimulates |or |blocks |the |metabolism |of |the |other |drug

• |Ex: |warfarin |(Coumadin) |an |oral |anticoagulant |is |metabolized |faster |if |taken |with |barbiturates, |rifampin, |or |many |other |drugs

SSRIs |should |not |be |taken |with |- |correct |answer |-- |SNRIs

• |TCAs
• |MAOIs
• |St. |John's |Wort
• |NSAIDs
• |alcohol |or |smoking

Black |box |warnings |on |antidepressants |- |correct |answer |-Related |to |suicide |especially |in |children, |adolescents, |and |young |adults |(they |are |at |the |most |risk)

drug-drug |interaction |during |excretion |- |correct |answer |-- |One |drug |competes |with |the |other |for |excretion |leading |to |accumulation |and |toxic |effects |of |the |drugs

• |Ex: |digoxin |(Lanoxin) |and |quinidine |are |both |excreted |from |the |same |sites |of |the |kidney; |quinidine |is |more |competitive |which |leads |to |increased |serum |levels |of |digoxin |that |cannot |be |excreted

gold |salts |- |correct |answer |-- |can |be |used |to |treat |rheumatoid |arthritis |

• |can |be |toxic; |accumulation |could |lead |to |liver |problems

A |patient |admitted |to |a |local |health |care |facility |for |surgery |is |to |be |administered |general |anesthesia. |What |are |the |nurse's |responsibilities |when |caring |for |a |patient |receiving |general |anesthesia? |- |correct |answer |-Checking |the |chart |for |any |abnormal |laboratory |test |results. |Check |for |CNS |problems |and |immobility.

drug-drug |interaction |at |the |site |of |action |- |correct |answer |-- |One |drug |may |be |an |antagonist |of |the |other |drug |or |may |cause |effects |that |oppose |those |of |the |other |drug |leading |to |no |therapeutic |effect

Ex: |antihypertensive |drug |taken |with |antiallergy |drug |that |increases |blood |pressure

urticaria |- |correct |answer |-aka |hives; |itchy |wheals |caused |by |an |allergic |reaction

superinfection |- |correct |answer |-an |infection |on |top |of |another |infection |(complicates |existing |infection)

hypersensitivity |- |correct |answer |-an |exaggerated |response |by |the |immune |system |to |a |particular |substance

the |nursing |process |- |correct |answer |-The |problem-solving |process |used |to |provide |efficient |nursing |care

it |involves |assessment, |nursing |diagnosis, |planning, |implementation, |and |evaluation

ounce |to |milliliter |- |correct |answer |-1 |oz |= | 30 |mL

3 |check |points |of |medication |administration |- |correct |answer |-- |when |receiving |the |order

• |during |preparation |administration
• |at |bedside |before |administering |the |medication

assessment |- |correct |answer |-how |you |can |gather |information |to |know |what's |wrong |(always |check |for |allergies |and |allergic |reactions; |if |they |mention |an |allergy |to |a |medication, |find |out |what |sort |of |response |they |have |to |a |medication |because |it |might |be |an |adverse |effect)

Note |for |patient |teaching |- |correct |answer |-Always |ask |the |patient |to |explain |it |back |to |you |what |they |understand; |it |will |help |you |know |what |they |understood; |tell |caretaker |if |patient |has |dementia

polypharmacy |suggestions |for |patients |- |correct |answer |-suggest |using |a |medicine |box, |setting |an |alarm, |or |give |them |a |medication |list

Why |is |the |right |route |important? |- |correct |answer |-Because |of |absorption, |some |routes |are |quicker |(first |pass |effect |with |swallowing)

ounce |to |teaspoon |- |correct |answer |-1 |oz |= | 6 |tsp

St. |John's |Wart |- |correct |answer |-- |antidepressant |herbal |supplement; |increases |serotonin

• |education: |do |NOT |take |with |TCAs, |MAOI, |SSRI/SNRI |- |increase |side |effects |and |lead |to |serotonin |syndrome

garlic |(food-drug |interaction) |- |correct |answer |-can |interfere |with |blood |clotting

Gentomicin |- |correct |answer |-really |bad |on |your |kidneys

predominant |way |medications |are |dosed |in |children |- |correct |answer |-take |age |and |weight |into |consideration

HIPPA |- |correct |answer |-Health |Insurance |Portability |and |Accountability |Act

topical |medications |- |correct |answer |-- |Lotions, |creams, |and |ointments |that |are |applied |to |the |surface |of |the |skin |and |affect |only |that |area; |a |medication |delivery |route.

• |inspect |the |skin |before |administering |(might |need |to |clean |or |shave)

pain |assessment |- |correct |answer |-- |done |using |a |pain |scale |

• |reassessment | 30 |min- |1hr |after |patient |has |taken |analgesic

What |should |you |assess |after |giving |a |patient |opioids? |- |correct |answer |-respiration |rate |and |level |of |consciousness