NUR 631 Final Exam Study Guide: Practice Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

Where do we hold DNA inside the cell? - Answers; Nucleus

What is it called when cell's commit suicide/programmed cell death? - Answers; Apoptosis

In carbon monoxide poisoning, what would we see and why? - Answers; Tissue damage d/t CO binding on hemoglobin preventing oxygen from being able to bind to those sites, preventing tissue oxygenation

If ph is LOW, Bicarb is HIGH and CO2 is HIGH what condition do we have? - Answers; Respiratory acidosis

How do molecules get intracellular or extracellular? - Answers; Water molecules via osmosis, other molecules via hydrostatic pressure

If a patient is vomiting a lot, what would they develop and why? - Answers; Metabolic alkalosis - they are losing all gastric acid contents and holding onto bicarb

To exam for neural tube defects in an amniocentesis, what are we looking at? - Answers; Alpha fetal protein

Why would a newborn have type 1 DM? What kind of condition is it? - Answers; Autoimmune disorder

What symptoms will someone with Trisomy 21 have? - Answers; Wide eyes, webbed neck, short stature, flat low-set ears, low nasal bridge, IQ <

STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

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What gene is responsible for the maintenance of all other cells? - Answers; Housekeeping genes

If a patient comes in with chronic wounds that aren't healing, what are we thinking about? - Answers; Diabetes - some underlying condition preventing proper wound healing

If a newborn does not have enough collectin proteins what kind of infection would they develop? - Answers; A respiratory infection - pneumonia

Where do B Lymphocytes grow and mature? - Answers; Bone marrow

If someone gets a vaccination or gets chicken pox from someone else, what kind of immunity do they have? - Answers; Active-acquired immunity

Why do we give rhogam? - Answers; To prevent hemolytic anema - given to Rh negative mom with Rh positive baby

Why does someone have rejection occur after an organ transplant? - Answers; T helper cells release cytokines, cytotoxins attack endothelial cells and cause tissue damage

What is happening at a cellular level in a type II sensitivity reaction? - Answers; Antibodies bind antigens on the cell surface

What is an exotoxin? - Answers; This is released by bacteria and causes you to get sick

What cells fight fungal infections? - Answers; Phagocytes, T lymphocytes

STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

What granulocytes have vasoactive amines like histamine and where do they manifest? - Answers; Basophils - in the skin

Why would a patient develop pernicious anemia? - Answers; B12 deficiency - cannot absorb d/t no intrinsic factor

What is the role of the endothelium in clot formation? - Answers; Surface produce plasma protease inhibitors and assists in preventing clots from forming - Thrombomodulin

What will develop in aplastic anemia? - Answers; Pancytopenia - RBCs, WBCs, thrombocytes are ALL low

What kind of inherited disorder is hemophilia a? - Answers; X-linked recessive - from MOM to SON

Why will paresthesias develop in B12 deficient patients? - Answers; Myelin sheath degeneration / demyelination

What is happening in CML? - Answers; transloation of genes between 9 and 22

What is granulocytopenia? - Answers; LOW - infections will lead to death

What happens at a cellular level in a sickle cell patient? Hemoglobin S is a result of? - Answers; Valine replaces one amino acid (glutamate)

Where do we make oxytocin? - Answers; posterior pituitary

STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

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Why do we give pressors to severe shock patients? - Answers; To raise BP - vasoconstriction through ADH

What hormone regulates calcium? - Answers; PTH

What hormone level do we need to watch in a patient with small cell carcinoma of the stomach? - Answers; ADH

If someone has a low ADH, what will we give? - Answers; Desmopressin

What does hypomethylation do in tumor progression? - Answers; Increases from benign to malignant

If a patient has amenorrhea, abnormal hair growth, osteoporosis, galacteria (hyperprolactinemia) - what test would you want to do? - Answers; CT scan of head - looking for pituitary tumor

Why do diabetic patients pee so much? - Answers; Blood sugar is high and they are trying to excrete excess glucose

What is happening at the cellular level in diabetic patients causing microvascular complications? - Answers; Hyperplasia and basement membrane thickening causing microvascular damage

Why do diabetics need regular eye exams? - Answers; Retinopathy due to retinal ischemia

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism? - Answers; Weight gain, brittle nails, dry skin, fatigue, bradycardia, constipation

STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

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What kind of seizure is a patient having if there is altered LOC and a dream-like state? - Answers; Complex focal

If a patient had a CVA and were not able to feel certain objects - what is this called? - Answers; tactile agnosia

What is the theory about pain and transmission in and out of CNS? - Answers; Gate Control Theory

Which nerve fibers transmit pain signals? - Answers; Delta A

Where are the pain transmitting neurons located in the spinal cord? - Answers; Dorsal Root Ganglia

What kind of endogenous opioids do we have inside of us naturally? - Answers; Endorphins

What kind of system is affected in major depressive disorder? - Answers; The hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal system (HPA)

What receptor is impaired in depressed patients? - Answers; Serotonin

Which electrolyte is affected in lithium toxicity? - Answers; Sodium - hyponatremia

What type of inherited disorder is Duchene Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)? - Answers; X-linked recessive

What is a normal PR interval? - Answers; Less than 0.

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QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

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What do the papillary muscles in the heart do? - Answers; Stop any backward expulsion of the AV valves

If there is an issue in the Phase 0 part of the cardiac cycle, which electrolyte imbalance do we susect? - Answers; Hyponatremia

What is Raynaud's disease? - Answers; Vasospasms causing a lack of blood flow to distal extremities (fingers, toes)

If a patient comes in complaining of chest pain what labs do you want? - Answers; Repeat troponins - what to see the trend over 4-6 hours

If a patient has COPD and you see increased pulmonary vascular resistance - which type of heart failure is this? - Answers; Right sided

What is the most common cardiac issue in Trisomy 21? - Answers; VSD

What does a crescendo-decrescendo murmur sound like and what is it common in? - Answers; Wide, fixed splitting of S2 - ASD

How does conjugation of bilirubin happen? - Answers; Fat soluble (unconjugated) turns into water soluble (conjugated)

What do you want to order if a patient presents with projectile vomiting but no other GI complaints? - Answers; head injury - CT of head

STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

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What is a patient is diagnosed with emphysema but they've never smoked? - Answers; Do genetic testing

Why do we worry about young infants with nasal congestion? - Answers; Nose breathers; cannot eat if they cannot breathe

Why do CF patients develop mucus plugs? - Answers; Chloride secretion is defective, too much sodium absorption

What do the natriuertic peptides do? - Answers; Inhibit renin and aldosterone

What do we test if we want to know renal function? - Answers; GFR

How does potassium and magnesium cause kidney stone formation? - Answers; Affect crystal growth

What do you look for in UA to differentiate between pyelonephritis and cystitis? - Answers; WBC casts

If a patient has blood in the urine, RBC casts, excessive proteinuria, what would you do next? - Answers; Renal biopsy

Why will patients with glomerulonephritis get soda colored urine? - Answers; From RBCs in the urine

What part of the kidney do IgGs affect in certain conditions like glomerulonephritis? - Answers; They deposit in the basement membrane

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QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

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Why do we see urine reflux in kids? - Answers; Shortened uretes

If there is an urinary obstruction due to a spinal cord injury, what is this called? - Answers; Neurogenic bladder

What is the slowest to regenerate and heals the least? - Answers; Articular cartilage

What glucoprotein moves hormones and other metabolites so that our bone cells can form properly? - Answers; Bone albumin

What cells maintain the bone matrix? - Answers; Osteocytes

What is a pathological fracture? - Answers; Something in the bone is already abnormal - no trauma occurred

What do we want to check on in a patient who was found laying on the floor after several hours? - Answers; CK levels

What is happening in Paget's Disease - Answers; Bone resorption and formation impaired

What is sequestrum? - Answers; devascularized and devitalized bone

What is ankylosing spondylitis? - Answers; Chronic inflammation causing spine and Si joints to fuse/stiffen

STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

What can happen if we do not treat PID? - Answers; Infertility - scarring of fallopian tubes due to chronic inflammation

What term do we use if we talk about benign uterine tumors, common uterine fibroids? - Answers; Leiomyomas

If we diagnose woman with cervical carcinomas in situ what does this mean? - Answers; Involves full epithelial thickness of cervix

Ovarian cancer related to mutation in which gene? - Answers; BRCA 1

If you were to do a breast exam and woman had squishy feeling, easily palpating areas? - Answers; Breast cysts

If you diagnose a man with balanitis what is the next thing you need to do? - Answers; Check a blood sugar - uncontrolled diabetes

If testicular exam with firm, nontender testicular mass? - Answers; Testicular cancer

A male comes in with fatigue, diffuse low back pain, fever, urinary retention what do you order? - Answers; U/A - UTI

Risks for prostate cancer? SATA - Answers; Diet, age >65, family hx, african-american

How do we document if man cannot retract foreskin over glans? - Answers; Phimosis

STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

What does gonorrhea look like in a newborn? - Answers; Corneal ulcerations

Syphillis and bone/tissue lesions with heart failure, what stage do i have? - Answers; Tertiary (late) stage

• neurosyphillis

What organism is the culprit of syphillis? - Answers; Treponema pallidum

Patient with strawberry spots on vagina and cervix? - Answers; Trichomoniasis - treat with Flagyl

Patient has gonorrhea, what do they also probably have? - Answers; Chlamydia

How to figure out due date using Nagele's Rule? - Answers; Seven days after the first day of your last period, subtract 3 months, then add year

How do we figure out GTPAL system? - Answers; G = gravida, T = term, P = preterm, A = abortion, miscarriages, L = living children

Patient in 3rd trimester with bright red vaginal bleeding, no pain? - Answers; Placenta previa

Hx of PID, now right-sided pain, dark red vaginal discharge? - Answers; Ectopic pregnancy