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A comprehensive set of questions and answers covering key concepts in pathophysiology, specifically related to module 4. It covers topics such as hemostasis, hypercoagulable states, hemophilia, blood flow, myocardial oxygen demand, and cardiovascular diseases. Valuable for students studying pathophysiology as it offers a structured approach to understanding and applying the concepts.
Typology: Exams
1 / 20
Attempt Time LATEST Attempt 1 9 minutes
This attempt took 9 minutes.
Correct!
Blood coagulation
Formation of platelet plug
Vascular dilation
Vascular constriction
The three stages of hemostasis include each of the following except:
Which of the following medications would decrease a person’s risk for clotting? Select all that apply.
Correct! (^) Heparin
Correct! (^) Warfarin
Vitamin K
orrect Answer (^) Lovenox
Correct!
Correct!
Immobility
Hemophilia B
Hemophilia A
Mutation of prothrombin gene
Oral contraceptive use
Which of the following is NOT a hypercoagulable state? Select all that apply.
Which of the following are TRUE of hemophilia A? Select all that apply.
Correct! (^) Spontaneous joint bleeding can occur
The platelet count is decreased
Aspirin and NSAIDS are the mainstay of treatment
Correct! (^) The PTT is increased
Correct!
Compliance
Low hematocrit
Diameter of the vessel
Blood viscosity
In which of the following ways is blood flow NOT negatively affected?
Which of the following increases the strength of the muscular contraction?
Wall tension
Correct! (^) Inotropic influence
Peripheral vascular resistance
Hypoxia
Correct! (^) Parasympathetic nervous system activation
Vasopressin
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Baroreceptors
Which of the following is NOT a regulator of blood pressure?
Correct!
Sepsis
Non-smoker
Obesity
Factor V Leiden mutation
Which of the following does NOT lead to an increased risk for DVT? Select all that apply.
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT associated with iron deficiency anemia?
Correct! (^) Normocytic
Hypochromic
Decreased MCV
Low hemoglobin
ou Answered
CORRECT r Vitamin B12 deficiency and Folate deficiency
Sickle cell disease, Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency, Sickle cell disease
Iron deficiency anemia, Thalassemias
What are the two most common causes of macrocytic anemia?
Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is FALSE regarding sickle cell disease?
Abnormality of HbS gene
Blood vessel occlusion is a complication
Correct! (^) Average red cell lifespan is 60 days
Can lead to encapsulated infections
Correct!
Hypersplenism
Splenomegaly
Functional asplenia
Acute chest syndrome
Hemolytic anemia
A child with homozygous sickle cell disease arrives at the ER. Lab tests indicate pneumococcal sepsis, a bacterial infection. Imaging called spleen scintigraphy measures IV administered radiopharmaceutical tracers present in the tissue, and is used to assess the size, shape, position, and health of the organ. While the physician could palpate the patient's spleen, it could not be visualized by the scintigraphy. What is the likely complication this patient is experiencing?
Multiple Choice:
ou Answered
CORRECT r MCV is decreased
Vitamin B12 is bound to intrinsic factor
Peripheral neuropathy can be a result of deficiency
Dietary deficiencies are not common
Which of the following is NOT true of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?
Multiple Choice:
Correct!
Monocyte
Platelets
Neutrophil
Red blood cell
A decrease in this type of cell can lead to an increased risk of bacterial infections:
Multiple Choice:
Correct!
Weight reduction
Smoking cessation
Increase red meat consumption
Increase physical activity
Lifestyle changes to treat hyperlipidemia include each of the following except:
Multiple Choice:
Correct! (^) Consist of macrophages and smooth muscle cells
Form scar tissue and calcifications
Can be symptomatic
Present in adults only
Which of the following is true of fatty streaks of atherosclerotic lesions?
Multiple Choice:
Multiple Choice:
Fill in the Blank:
Multiple Choice:
Multiple Choice:
Your Answer:
Your Answer:
Ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism in the way the ventricular is able to offset the increase in wall stress.
When someone is exercising with coronary artery disease the coronary vessel lumens are narrowed and the blood flow to the heart decreases. The vessels can't vasodilate causing chest pains and shortness of breath.
Your Answer:
Troponin and creatine kinase
sudden death and coronary heart disease
ou Answered
CORRECT
Premature ventricular contractions
r Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia
Atrial flutter
Ventricular fibrillation
Which arrhythmia requires the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy to prevent stroke risk?
Multiple Choice:
Multiple Choice:
Upon autopsy, this patient’s heart revealed which disease process?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Correct! (^) Dilated cardiomyopathy
Inflammatory cardiomyopathy
Multiple Choice:
Upon seeing this on your patient, which disease would you screen for?
Gout
Hypertension
Heart failure
Correct! (^) Hyperlipidemia
Multiple Choice:
Which pharmacologic treatment of hypertension has a mechanism of action characterized by reducing vascular smooth muscle tone (vasodilation) and reducing cardiac contractility and heart rate?
Diuretics
Correct! (^) Calcium channel blockers
Beta-blockers
Ace-inhibitors
ou Answered
CORRECT
Vasodilators
r Diuretic
Beta-blocker
ACE inhibitor
Which pharmacologic treatment of heart failure has a mechanism of action characterized by excretion of fluid, reducing preload:
Multiple Choice:
Multiple Choice:
Which of the following diseases is classified as a restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Hypertensive heart disease
ou Answered (^) Ischemic heart disease
CORRECT (^) Amyloid heart disease
Correct!
Inflammatory
Restrictive
Dilated
Hypertrophic
Which cardiomyopathy is a common cause of heart failure and the leading indication for heart transplantation?
Multiple Choice:
Fill in the blank:
Thrombocytes are also known as.
Your Answer:
A 45-year-old man has a blood pressure at a screening program of 142/90. His father has a history of hypertension and heart attack. His grandfather died of a stroke. He is 20 lbs overweight, likes eating salty foods, and enjoys drinking beer. He states he is too tired and busy to exercise.
Your Answer:
platelets
Platelets
1. Hypertension stage 2 2. Atherosclerosis, CAD (MI), heart failure, stroke, peripheral artery disease 3. Lose weight, exercise, decrease salt intake, decrease alcohol intake 4. Diuretics, like thiazides, lower blood pressure by decreasing vascular volume; ACE inhibitors inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, thereby reducing vasoconstriction, aldosterone levels; Calcium channel receptor blockers inhibit the movement of calcium into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. They reduce vascular smooth muscle tone (vasodilation); reduce cardiac contractility and heart rate, and decrease cardiac output
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