NURS 231 PORTAGE LEARNING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 10 LATEST REVIEW EXAM Q & A 2024, Exams of Nursing

Download NURS 231 PORTAGE LEARNING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 10 LATEST REVIEW EXAM Q & A 2024 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NURS 231 PORTAGE LEARNING Pathophysiology Module 10 Latest Review Exam Q & A 2024 1. A 50-year-old male presents with stiffness in his joints and a decreased range of motion. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms? A. Osteoarthritis B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Gout D. Osteoporosis Answer: A. Osteoarthritis Rationale: Osteoarthritis is characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, causing pain and stiffness, particularly in the hip, knee, and thumb joints. 2. A patient is diagnosed with a muscle strain. What is the primary physiological change that occurs in the muscle fibers? A. Hyperplasia B. Atrophy C. Hypertrophy D. Tearing Answer: D. Tearing Rationale: A muscle strain involves the tearing of muscle fibers, which leads to inflammation and pain in the affected area. 3. Which of the following is a common sign of a fracture? A. Crepitus B. Cyanosis C. Clonus D. Cachexia Answer: A. Crepitus Rationale: Crepitus is the grating sound or feeling produced by the friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone, and is commonly associated with fractures. 4. A patient with a history of chronic steroid use is at increased risk for which musculoskeletal condition? A. Osteoporosis B. Sarcopenia C. Fibromyalgia 12. Which term describes the loss of bone density associated with aging? A. Osteopenia B. Osteomalacia C. Osteitis D. Osteochondritis Answer: A. Osteopenia Rationale: Osteopenia refers to the loss of bone density that occurs as a precursor to osteoporosis, particularly in the elderly. 13. A patient with a torn Achilles tendon would have difficulty performing which action? A. Abducting the arm B. Plantar flexing the foot C. Flexing the elbow D. Rotating the shoulder Answer: B. Plantar flexing the foot Rationale: The Achilles tendon is crucial for plantar flexion of the foot, which is necessary for pushing off the ground while walking or running. 14. In a patient with osteoarthritis, synovial fluid analysis would most likely reveal: A. High white blood cell count B. Low viscosity C. High protein content D. Presence of bacteria Answer: B. Low viscosity Rationale: In osteoarthritis, the synovial fluid often has low viscosity due to the breakdown of cartilage and the reduced production of joint lubricants. 15. What is the primary cause of muscle atrophy in a patient who has been immobilized for an extended period? A. Ischemia B. Denervation C. Disuse D. Infection Answer: C. Disuse Rationale: Prolonged immobilization leads to disuse atrophy, where muscles waste away due to lack of activity and mechanical loading. 1.Which of the following is not a function of the musculoskeletal system? A. Movement B. Protection of internal organs C. Production of blood cells D. Regulation of body temperature Answer: D. Regulation of body temperature Rationale: The musculoskeletal system is responsible for movement, protection, and the production of blood cells, but it is not involved in regulating body temperature. 2. Which type of joint allows for the most movement? A. Synarthrosis B. Amphiarthrosis C. Diarthrosis D. Fibrous Answer: C. Diarthrosis Rationale: Diarthrosis joints, also known as synovial joints, allow for the most movement within the musculoskeletal system. 3. Which of the following is not a component of a synovial joint? A. Synovial membrane B. Articular cartilage C. Ligaments D. Compact bone Answer: D. Compact bone Rationale: Compact bone is not a component of a synovial joint, but rather makes up the outer layer of bones in the musculoskeletal system. 4. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by: A. Excessive bone growth B. Loss of bone density C. Inflammation of the joints D. Abnormal bone shape Answer: B. Loss of bone density Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition where there is a loss of bone density, leading to weakened and fragile bones. 5. Which of the following hormones plays a key role in calcium regulation within the musculoskeletal system? A. Insulin B. Thyroid hormone C. Parathyroid hormone D. Cortisol Answer: C. Parathyroid hormone Rationale: Parathyroid hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body, which is essential for bone health and function. 6. Which type of muscle contraction involves the muscle lengthening while contracting? A. Concentric B. Isometric C. Eccentric D. Isotonic Answer: C. Eccentric Rationale: An eccentric muscle contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens while contracting, which is important for controlling movements and deceleration. 7. Which of the following is not a risk factor for developing osteoarthritis? A. Age B. Obesity C. Physical inactivity D. High impact sports Answer: D. High impact sports Rationale: High impact sports can increase the risk of joint injuries, but they are not a risk factor for developing osteoarthritis. 8. A fracture that does not break the skin is known as a: A. Compound fracture B. Greenstick fracture B. Articular cartilage C. Ligaments D. Tendons Answer: B. Articular cartilage Rationale: Articular cartilage is a smooth, slippery substance that covers the ends of bones within a joint, providing cushioning and protection. 17. Which of the following is a characteristic of osteoarthritis? A. Autoimmune disorder B. Inflammation of the synovial membrane C. Joint deformity D. Hyperactivity of osteoblasts Answer: C. Joint deformity Rationale: Osteoarthritis is characterized by joint degeneration, leading to pain, stiffness, and deformity. 18. Which of the following is a common cause of muscle strains? A. Aging B. Lack of hydration C. Overstretching or tearing of muscle fibers D. Excessive calcium intake Answer: C. Overstretching or tearing of muscle fibers Rationale: Muscle strains are commonly caused by overstretching or tearing of muscle fibers during physical activity. 19. Which bone disorder is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density and structural deterioration? A. Osteomalacia B. Osteoporosis C. Osteogenesis imperfecta D. Paget's disease Answer: B. Osteoporosis Rationale: Osteoporosis is a bone disorder characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density and structural deterioration, leading to an increased risk of fractures. 20. Which of the following is not a function of muscle tissue? A. Produce movement B. Maintain posture C. Regulate body temperature D. Produce blood cells Answer: D. Produce blood cells Rationale: Muscle tissue is responsible for producing movement, maintaining posture, and regulating body temperature, but it does not produce blood cells. 21. Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion? A. Ball-and-socket B. Pivot C. Hinge D. Gliding Answer: A. Ball-and-socket Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions, such as the hip and shoulder joints. 22. Which of the following is a common symptom of fibromyalgia? A. Joint inflammation B. Muscle weakness C. Chronic pain D. Skin rash Answer: C. Chronic pain Rationale: Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and tenderness. 23. Which type of bone fracture occurs when the bone breaks incompletely, often seen in children? A. Compound fracture B. Greenstick fracture C. Comminuted fracture D. Stress fracture Answer: B. Greenstick fracture Rationale: A greenstick fracture occurs when the bone breaks incompletely, usually seen in children due to the flexibility of their bones. 24. Which of the following is not a common symptom of rheumatoid arthritis? A. Joint swelling B. Fatigue C. Muscle cramps D. Morning stiffness Answer: C. Muscle cramps Rationale: Muscle cramps are not a common symptom of rheumatoid arthritis, but joint swelling, fatigue, and morning stiffness are. 25. Which type of joint contains a fluid-filled cavity that reduces friction and allows for smooth movement? A. Synarthrosis B. Amphiarthrosis C. Diarthrosis D. Fibrous Answer: C. Diarthrosis Rationale: Diarthrosis joints contain a synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid, which reduces friction and allows for smooth movement within the joint. Which of the following is a primary function of the musculoskeletal system? A) Hormone production B) Blood filtration C) Movement and support D) Digestion Answer: C) Movement and support Rationale: The musculoskeletal system's primary function is to provide support and facilitate movement in the body. What is the role of osteoblasts in bone tissue? A) Bone resorption B) Bone formation C) Bone repair D) Bone pain perception Answer: B) Bone formation What is the primary cause of ankylosing spondylitis? A) Viral infection B) Bacterial infection C) Autoimmune reaction D) Trauma Answer: C) Autoimmune reaction Rationale: Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune condition that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to inflammation and fusion of the vertebrae. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of osteogenesis imperfecta? A) Excessive bone growth B) Brittle bones C) Joint inflammation D) Muscle wasting Answer: B) Brittle bones Rationale: Osteogenesis imperfecta, also known as brittle bone disease, is a genetic disorder characterized by fragile bones that are prone to fractures. What is the main pathological process in septic arthritis? A) Cartilage erosion B) Bone necrosis C) Joint infection D) Ligament tear Answer: C) Joint infection Rationale: Septic arthritis is characterized by the infection of a joint, leading to inflammation, pain, and potential joint damage if not promptly treated. Which of the following factors contributes to the development of carpal tunnel syndrome? A) Obesity B) Repetitive wrist movements C) High calcium intake D) Low vitamin D levels Answer: B) Repetitive wrist movements Rationale: Carpal tunnel syndrome is often associated with repetitive wrist movements that cause pressure on the median nerve in the wrist, leading to symptoms like pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers. What is the primary function of the meniscus in the knee joint? A) Shock absorption B) Bone formation C) Muscle attachment D) Blood supply Answer: A) Shock absorption Rationale: The meniscus acts as a shock absorber in the knee joint, cushioning the impact of movement and reducing friction between the bones. Which of the following is a common symptom of a rotator cuff tear? A) Knee pain B) Shoulder weakness C) Hip instability D) Elbow swelling Answer: B) Shoulder weakness Rationale: A rotator cuff tear often presents with shoulder weakness, pain, and limited range of motion, affecting the function of the shoulder joint. What is the primary etiology of gout? A) High uric acid levels B) Bacterial infection C) Autoimmune reaction D) Joint trauma Answer: A) High uric acid levels Rationale: Gout is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and swelling, commonly affecting the big toe. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? A) Muscle hypertrophy B) Progressive muscle weakness C) Joint stiffness D) Low creatinine kinase levels Answer: B) Progressive muscle weakness Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration, leading to mobility issues and other complications. What is the primary function of tendons in the musculoskeletal system? A) Bone mineralization B) Muscle contraction C) Joint lubrication D) Shock absorption Answer: B) Muscle contraction Rationale: Tendons connect muscles to bones and play a vital role in transmitting the force generated by muscle contractions to produce movement. Which of the following is a common complication of osteomyelitis? A) Joint dislocation B) Bone necrosis C) Muscle atrophy D) Ligament tear Answer: B) Bone necrosis Rationale: Osteomyelitis is a bone infection that can lead to bone necrosis, characterized by the death of bone tissue due to inadequate blood supply and inflammatory processes.