NURS 350; PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.pdf, Exams of Nursing

Download NURS 350; PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.pdf and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NURS 350; PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS The nurse is educating a client regarding warfarin therapy and asks the client if he is taking aspirin. This nurse's assessment indicates an understanding of what type of drug interaction? a. Production of unusual effects b. Enhancement of therapeutic effects c. Inhibitory effects d. Potentiating effects - ANSWER D. Potentiative effects A patient who is receiving a beta blocker reports dyspnea. The patient is experiencing respirations of 28 breaths per minute, a blood pressure of 162/90 mm Hg, and a pulse of 88 beats per minute. The nurse auscultates crackles in all lung fields. The nurse recognizes these findings are indicative of: a. bronchoconstriction. b. left-sided heart failure. c. rebound cardiac excitation. d. sinus bradycardia. - ANSWE R B. left-sided heart failure A pregnant patient in active labor receives a drug screen that indicates the patient is an active heroin addict. The nurse who cares for the neonate after delivery should expect which clinical manifestations? a. passivity and flat affect b. diarrhea and salivation c. a shrill cry and irritability - ANSWE R C. a shrill cry and irritability Many medications list side effects that include dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention. What kinds of effects are these? a. alpha adrenergic b. anticholinergic c. beta adrenergic d. sympathetic - ANSWER B. anticholinergic A patient is receiving digoxin daily. While assessing a patient before giving a dose, the nurse counts a pulse of 64 beats per minute and learns that the patient is experiencing halo looking shadows around lights. After verifying in the chart that the dose is correct, what action should be taken next? - ANSWER call the healthcare provider and report the symptoms A patient is prescribed an antibiotic and asks the nurse why her dose on the first day is so much larger compared to the subsequent days. Which statement would be most appropriate at this time? a. "A large initial dose helps to get the drug to optimal levels in the body faster." b. "The first dose is larger to minimize the first pass effect of the liver." c. "The four smaller doses help the body taper the amount of drug more gradually." The nurse is ready to administer the client metoprolol (Lopressor) who is recuperating from acute myocardial infarction. The patient's apical pulse is 52 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm. What should the nurse do? a. Administer the drug as ordered. b. Ask for an order for atropine c. Withhold the dose and document the pulse rate. d. withhold the dose and notify the prescriber. - ANSWER D. withhold the dose and notify the prescriber. The prescriber has newly ordered a medication that is supposed to be taken on an empty stomach. The nurse is providing patient education at discharge. At what time should the nurse instruct the patient to take the drug? (select all that apply) - ANSWER -1 hour or more before a meal. - at least 2 h after a meal. The patient is admitted to the medical surgical floor after having abdominal surgery. When the patient rates his pain on the numeric scale he states it is a 9 out of 10 (10 being the most severe pain imaginable). When the nurse checks medications ordered for the patient, the only medication ordered for pain is acetaminophen (Tylenol) 650mg by mouth every 4 hours PRN for pain. What should the nurse do next? a. ask the patient what medications have helped with pain in the past. b. contact the provider to request a different analgesic medication. c. give the pain medication and reposition the patient to promote comfort. d. request an order to administer the medication every 4 hours. - ANSWER B. contact the provider to request a different analgesic medication. A nurse caring for a 4-year-old child notices that the child has discoloration of several teeth. When obtaining a medication history, the nurse will inquire about what class of medications? - ANWER tetracyclines Which is an effective strategy to help prevent medication errors? - ANWER using electronic medical order entry systems A nurse is getting ready to administer medications. Which patient would the nurse consider has the highest risk for an adverse reaction? a. A 30-year-old female patient with renal disease b. A 75-year-old male patient with cystitis c. A 50-year-old male patient with a respiratory tract infection d. A 9-year-old male patient with an ear infection - ANSWER A. A 30-year-old female patient with renal disease A patient is to start the medication propranolol (Inderal) for the treatment of hypertension. Which of the following statements by the nurse is significant when teaching this patient about the medication? a. "Check your hands and feet for swelling and report that to your provider." b. "It is safe to take this medication with a calcium channel blocker." c. "Stop taking the drug if you become short of breath." d. "Take your pulse and do not take the medication if your heart rate is fast." - ANSWER A. "Check your hands and feet for swelling and report that to your provider." A patient is in for a recheck and has been taking clonidine (Catapres) for several weeks. When asked if he is having any new issues, he complains of drowsiness and constipation. What response will most help the patient? a. recommend that the patient take most of the daily dose at bedtime. b. suggest asking the provider for a transdermal preparation of the drug. c. suspect that the patient is overusing the medication. d. Instruct the patient to stop taking the drug and call the provider. - ANSWER A. suggest that the patient take most of the daily dose at bedtime. An infant is receiving a medication that has a narrow therapeutic range and is excreted through the kidneys. For which of the following would the nurse be on high alert? a.decreased effectiveness of the drug. b.shorter period of the drug's effects. c.signs of drug toxicity. d.unusual CNS effects. - ANSWER C. signs of drug toxicity. The nurse administering a medication with a narrow therapeutic range should expect which of the following to be included in the administration? a. administer the drug at intervals longer than the drug half-life. b. administer this medication intravenously. c. monitor plasma drug levels. d. inform the patient that peak drug effects will be achieved within a short timeframe. - ANSWER C. track plasma drug concentrations. a. "This route allows more rapid absorption of the drug." b. "This route is safer, less expensive, and more convenient." c. "This route is the best way to control serum drug levels." d. "This route prevents inactivation of the drug by digestive enzymes." - ANSWER B. "This route is safer, less expensive, and more convenient." A pregnant client is tearfully telling the nurse that she thinks she may have taken medication before knowing she was pregnant that was harmful to her baby. What is the most appropriate nursing action? - ANSWER A patient tells a nurse that a medication prescribed for an acute muscle strain is not working well to ease her pain. What should the nurse do to further help her patient? - ANSWER The patient has allergies and takes an antihistamine. The patient wants to know how the drug works. The nurse understands that antihistamines work because they are what? a. Activators b. Agonists c. Antagonists d. Antidotes - ANSWER C. Antagonists The student nurse is researching the methods through which a drug exerts its effect to cure a disease. Which of the following best defines what she is researching? - ANSWER A client admitted to the emergency department needs stitches. The practitioner orders a local anesthetic with epinephrine for what purpose? a. prevent hypertension induced by the anesthetic. b. prolong absorption of the anesthetic. c. decrease anesthetic-induced nausea. d. decrease the pain of an injection. - ANSWER b. prolong absorption of the anesthetic. The nurse recognizes that the following is a concern in a patient who is to receive a beta agonist? a. Pulse oximetry reading of 88% b. Blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg c. Respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute d. Heart rate of 110 beats per minute - ANSWER D. Heart rate of 110 beats per minute A patient who is taking an inhaled glucocorticoid for chronic asthma telephones the nurse to report hoarseness. What is the nurse's best response? a. Ask whether the patient is gargling after each dose of the glucocorticoid. b. Request an order for an anti-fungal medication. c. Suggest that the patient be tested for a bronchial infection. d. Instruct the patient to stop taking the glucocorticoid. - ANSWER A. Ask if the patient is gargling after every dose of the glucocorticoid. The nurse is administering several medications to a patient whose spouse brings him grapefruit juice every morning. The nurse should be worried about which classes of drugs? (Select all that apply.) a. Calcium channel blockers b. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors c. Aminoglycosides d. Beta blockers e. Penicillins - ANSWER A. Calcium Channel Blockers B. Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors The parents of a child with asthma ask the nurse why their child cannot use oral corticosteroids more often, because they are so effective. The nurse will offer which information that is true for children? a. Chronic steroid use can inhibit growth. b. Frequent use of this drug may lead to a decreased response. c. The patient may experience a hypersensitivity reaction to the medication. d. Steroids given systemically are more toxic in children. - ANS A. Growth may be inhibited by chronic use of steroids. A nursing student is studying the care related to a 42-kg patient who is receiving intravenous aminophylline. Which of the following statements by the student indicates that she understands the administration of the medication? - ANS "Dosing is titrated based on the serum theophylline levels."