NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions & Correct Answers (Latest 2025), Exams of Nursing

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NURS 6501Advanced Pathophysiology Final

Exam Question &Correct Answers (latest 2025)

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1. An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?

Correct Answer:✓✓ b. Expressivity

2. Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?

Correct Answer:✓✓ c. Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable topotassium

3. A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is anexample of:

Correct Answer:✓✓ a. Gene imprinting

4. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:

Correct Answer:✓✓ b.

Correct Answer:✓✓ c. Nucleolus

10. A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluidmovement is the nurse describing?

Correct Answer:✓✓ a. Hydrostatic pressure

11. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?

Correct Answer:✓✓ c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)

12. The early dilation (swelling) of the cell’s endoplasmic reticulum results in:

Correct Answer:✓✓ c. Reduced protein synthesis

13. The ion transporter that moves Na+^ and Ca2+^ simultaneously in the same direction is anexample of which of the following types of transport?

Correct Answer:✓✓ d. Symport

A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis?

Correct Answer:✓✓ Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3, dihydroxyphenylalanine)

A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse’s best response?

Correct Answer:✓✓ d. Pregnancy in women over age 35

The student is reviewing the functions of the cell. The student would be correct in identifying the primary function of the nerve cell as:

Correct Answer:✓✓ d. Communication

A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition?

Correct Answer:✓✓ c. Tetraploidy

Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:

Correct Answer:✓✓ a. Decreased ATP production

Which of the following mutations has the most significant effect on proteinsynthesis?

Correct Answer:✓✓ d. Frameshift mutations

A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellularadaptation is called:

Correct Answer:✓✓ c. Metaplasia

A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes how glucose is transported from the blood to the cell. What type of transport system should the nurse discuss with the patient?

Correct Answer:✓✓ d. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)

What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at theelbow, and sparse body hair.

Correct Answer:✓✓ c. Turner syndrome

A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membranepotential is – 70 millivolts. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K+. With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?

Correct Answer:✓✓ b. Na+^ rushing into the cell

A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate. On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese). Whichof the following is the most likely cause?

Correct Answer:✓✓ c. Caseous necrosis

A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?

Correct Answer:✓✓ c.

A 19-year-old female presents with genital warts. Which of the following would cause thiscondition?

Selected Answer: (^) c.

HPV

Question 28

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In the majority of cases delayed puberty is due to:

Selected Answer: (^) c.

Slow maturation

Question 29

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A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with endometriosis. Suppressing which of the following would be the most appropriate medical treatment for this disease?

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) b.

Ovulation

Question 30

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The nurse would anticipate the treatment for pelvic organ prolapse to be:

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) b.

A pessary

Question 31

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While preparing to teach the staff about female anatomy, which information should be included? During the years that a woman is more likely to be sexually active, the vagina mucosa is protected from infection by:

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) b.

An acidic pH

Question 32

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While speaking to a group of older males, which information should the nurse share? Thefollowing is a normal characteristic of aging and the male reproductive system:

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) d.

Refractory time after ejaculation is prolonged.

Question 33

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A 40-year-old female presents with cramping and excessive vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound reveals benign uterine tumors in the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. These tumorsare commonly called:

Correct Answer:✓✓ c.

Leiomyomas

Question 34

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The most commonly occurring cancer of the female reproductive tract is cancer.

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) a.

Cervical

fertile. How should the nurse describe cervical mucus during ovulation?

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) b.

Thin and watery

Question 36

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Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of the menstrual cycle?When estrogen and progesterone levels drop, the endometrium enters the phase.

Correct Answer:✓✓ c.

Menstrual

Question 37

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Copy of The nurse would anticipate the treatment for pelvic organ prolapse to be:

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) b.

A pessary

Question 38

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An 18-year-old female is diagnosed with dysmenorrhea. Which of the following symptoms will she most likely experience?

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) b.

Painful menstruation

Question 39

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A 21-year-old female is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) following unprotectedsexual intercourse with a male she recently met. She is now at higher risk of developing which of the following cancers?

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) a.

Cervical

Question 40

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A nurse is teaching the staff about female hormones. Which hormone promotes the formation of channels in the mucus of the cervical os to facilitate sperm movement into theuterus?

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) d.

production is that:

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) b.

Sex hormone production in the male is relatively constant.

Question 44

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A 25-year-old female presents with amenorrhea and hirsutism. She is diagnosed with PCOS.Lab testing will most likely reveal:

Correct Answer:✓✓ d.

Hyperinsulinemia

Question 45

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A syndrome often associated with cystocele is:

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) c.

Stress incontinence

Question 46

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An example of a parasitic STI that is transmitted through close skin-to-skin contact is:

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) c.

Scabies

Question 47

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Symptoms of prostatitis are similar to symptoms of:

Correct Answer:✓✓ c.

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Question 48

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A nursing student asks the nurse where the glands of Montgomery are located. How shouldthe nurse reply? The glands of Montgomery are located in the:

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) b.

Breasts

Question 49

When a teenager asks what makes the breast grow, what is the nurse’s best response? The

hormone that promotes breast development during puberty is:

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) d.

Estradiol

Question 55

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Progesterone is often referred to as “the hormone of pregnancy,” and the patient asks whatthis phrase means. How should the nurse respond? Progesterone is the hormone of pregnancy because it:

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) d.

Prevents smooth muscle contraction of the uterus

Question 56

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A 35-year-old female presents with infertility and gradual blindness. She reports that she has otherwise been healthy. History reveals that she was promiscuous and had unprotected sexual intercourse several times when she was younger. She now has neurological involvement. Which of the following sexually transmitted infection (STI) does she most likelyhave?

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) a.

Syphilis

Question 61

A student asks the instructor which of the following hormones stimulates follicularmaturation. How should the instructor respond?

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) c.

LH

Question 62

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A 40-year-old male is concerned about the possibility of developing prostate cancer. He reports that his father died of prostate cancer, and he wants to take all preventive measures.He is told to consume a diet low in:

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) a.

Fat

Question 63

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A patient asks the nurse what is the most sensitive area of the penis. What is the nurse’s best answer? The area of the penis with the most nerve endings is the:

Correct Answer:✓✓ (^) b.

Glans

Question 64

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