Nurs 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Walden University Midterm Exam, Exams of Nursing

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Nurs 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Walden

University Midterm Exam

A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Anaerobic glycolysis What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: XXY A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Expressivity In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen. A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example of: - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Gene imprinting

When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Autosomal recessive How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:

• ANSWER.... ANSWER: Sodium The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Reduced protein synthesis What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury. What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Turner syndrome A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Nucleolus The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Maternal nondisjunction

A patient has severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5. What genetic disorder will the nurse see documented in the chart? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Cri du chat syndrome A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Tetraploidy Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - ANSWER.... ANSWER: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium