Nurse Practitioner Midterm and Final Exam Questions: Part 1 - Pharmacology and Therapies, Exams of Nursing

Download Nurse Practitioner Midterm and Final Exam Questions: Part 1 - Pharmacology and Therapies and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NURS 6521 FINALS ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS UPDATED 2024 1.The nurse practitioner orders Amoxicillin 500 mg tid? What is the total amount of medication patient will take per day? Selected Answer: 1500 mg 2.A 72-year-old patient is prescribed ophthalmic ciprofloxacin for a bacterial infection in her right eye. The nurse will teach her to observe for which of the following adverse effects of the drug? Selected Answer: Lid margin crusting and pruritus 3.A patient is to begin taking tobramycin (Nebcin) for a nosocomial infection. Which of the following assessments should the nurse prioritize? Selected Answer: The peak and trough blood levels 4.A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a 64-year-old female patient who is receiving IV heparin and reports bleeding from her gums. The nurse checks the patient's laboratory test results and finds that she has a very high aPTT. The nurse anticipates that which of the following drugs may be ordered? Selected Answer: Protamine sulfate 5.A patient asks the nurse practitioner about food sources such as soybeans and soy products. The nurse practitioner understands that these foods are considered Selected Answer: phytoestrogens. 6.An immunocompromised cancer patient has developed cryptococcal meningitis and been admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment with amphotericin B. How should the nurse most safely administer this drug? Selected Answer: Infuse the drug over 2 to 4 hours into a central line using an infusion pump 7.The clinical nurse educator who oversees the emergency department in a children's hospital has launched an awareness program aimed at reducing drug errors. What measure addresses the most common cause of incorrect doses in the care of infants and children? Selected Answer: Having nurses check their math calculations with a colleague NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS before administering a drug. A 34-year-old male has been diagnosed with TB and will be started on INH therapy. The medication history reveals that he currently takes antacids on a regular basis. The nurse will instruct the patient to take Selected Answer: antacids not less than 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking INH. The recommended treatment for trichomoniasis is Selected Answer: Flagyl. A Nurse Practitioner is explaining to a pregnant 21-year-old college student why she cannot continue to take ibuprofen (Advil) for her headaches. The nurse draws a picture depicting drug molecules crossing the placental membrane and entering into the fetal circulation. The nurse tells the patient that the main reason this happens is because Selected Answer: drugs compete with the hormones of pregnancy for albumin- binding sites. A patient has completed 4 weeks of treatment with epoetin alfa. Which of the following assessment findings would most strongly indicate that treatment has been effective? Selected Answer: The patient's hemoglobin level is 11 g/dL A 29-year-old pregnant patient is extremely upset about having to take medication for a pre-existing medical condition. She is consumed with fear that her baby will be born with a physical deformity or a congenital anomaly but knows that she has to take the medication. She talks constantly about this and is unable to sleep most nights. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient is? Selected Answer: Anxiety related to perceived danger of drug therapy to fetus or infant A male patient is trying to decide if he should use finasteride (Proscar) to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). When providing information about the drug, the nurse will include which of the following as a risk associated with finasteride therapy? Selected Answer: Prostatic neoplasia WALDEN UNIVERSITY NURS 6521 FINALS ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Graded A NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS A 71-year-old man has just been prescribed finasteride (Proscar). Which of the following complaints by this patient most likely indicated a need for this drug? Selected Answer: "Lately, I have to get up three or four times a night to go to the bathroom." A 6-month-old child has developed skin irritation due to an allergic reaction. He has been prescribed a topical skin ointment. The nurse will consider which of the following before administering the drug? Selected Answer: That the infant's skin has greater permeability than that of an adult A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a 46-year-old female patient who is taking paclitaxel for ovarian cancer. Two or three days after the infusion of the drug, the nurse must closely monitor for which of the following? Selected Answer: Neurotoxicity A Nurse Practitioner will monitor which of the following when assigned to a patient taking allopurinol for chronic gout who visits the clinic every 2 months? Selected Answer: Liver function tests A patient has acquired primary hypogonadism and has been prescribed testosterone transdermal (Androderm) patches. When educating the patient on how to administer the drug, the nurse will instruct him to Selected Answer: place the patch on the back, abdomen, upper arms, or thighs. A Nurse Practitioner is performing patient education for a woman who has just been prescribed a bisphosphonate. Which of the following diagnostic and history findings would have prompted the woman's care provider to prescribe a bisphosphonate? Selected Answer: Low bone density and a family history of osteoporosis WALDEN UNIVERSITY NURS 6521 FINALS ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Graded A A male patient is receiving heparin by continuous intravenous infusion. The nurse will instruct the patient and family members to report which of the following should it occur? Selected Answer: Presence of blood in urine or stools Nurse Practit oner is caring fo a 10-year-old boy who complains of chronic headaches. His mother reports that she gives him Tylenol at least t ree times a day. Which of the following will the nurse work ith the physician t evaluate? Selected Answer: Hepatic function A 15-year-old patient has meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae. She is being treated with chloramphenicol. The most important nursing action for this patient would be to monitor Selected Answer: plasma concentrations regularly. Alendronate (Fosamax) is prescribed for a 67-year-old postmenopausal woman. In order to help prevent gastrointestinal distress, the nurse will advise the patient to Selected Answer: stand or sit upright for at least 30 minutes after taking alendronate.. Laboratory testing has confirmed that a patient has chloroquine-resistant malaria and the patient's physician has prescribed quinine along with an adjunctive drug. The nurse should question the physician's order if the patient has a history of Selected Answer: cardiac arrhythmias. A 7-year-old child has been taking tetracycline for a bacterial infection. The nurse will be sure to inform the parents that this drug could cause Selected Answer: staining of permanent teeth. A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a patient who is at 28 weeks' gestation and is receiving terbutaline (Brethine) to control preterm labor. Which of the following assessment parameters should the nurse prioritize? Selected Answer: Fetal heart rate (FHR) The nurse recognizes that the potential for teratogenic drug effects is not static throughout the prenatal and postnatal periods. The potential for teratogenic effects is highest during Selected Answer: the first 2 months of pregnancy. A patient with AIDS has developed a number of secondary infections in recent weeks, NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS this combination of drugs creates a serious risk of what health problem? Selected Answer: Hypertensive crisis A Nurse Practitioner is going to administer medication to an infant using a medicine dropper. The best method is to open the child's mouth by gently squeezing the cheeks and placing the drops Selected Answer: in the buccal pouch. A 35-year-old woman is on a weight-loss program and is to begin taking sibutramine (Meridia). After baseline physical data are obtained, the nurse will assess the patient's childbearing potential. The nurse will inform the patient that during sibutramine therapy she should Selected Answer: use adequate contraception. A pregnant patient who has diabetes has been admitted to the hospital to begin labor. Since the patient has diabetes, the physician has decided to use oxytocin (Pitocin) to initiate labor contractions. When talking to the patient about the adverse effects of the drug, the nurse should understand that the most common adverse effects of the drug include Selected Answer: uterine tachysystole. A 12-year-old boy is being discharged from the hospital after major surgery. The boy will be taking two medications at home for an extended period. The nurse who is discharging the patient should provide medication teaching specifically to Selected Answer: both the boy and his mother regarding all medication issued. A 30-year-old African-American woman tested positive for TB and is prescribed isoniazid. The nurse will plan the patient's care to include close monitoring of the drug therapy because Selected Answer: the patient is at greater risk for high serum levels of the drug. A 62-year-old patient taking tamoxifen exhibits increased bone and tumor pain along with a local disease flare. The nurse interprets this as an indication of which of the following? Selected Answer: The tumor responding to treatment A 30-year-old woman who is in the first trimester of pregnancy has presented to her primary care provider with a 4-day history of a reddened, itchy left eye that is crusted with purulent exudate. The clinician suspects a bacterial, rather than viral, etiology. How will the NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS patient's pregnancy affect the potential use of ciprofloxacin to treat her conjunctivitis? Selected Answer: The use of ciprofloxacin is contraindicated in pregnancy. An immunocompromised patient in a critical care setting has developed a respiratory infection that has been attributed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The nurse should anticipate that the patient will require treatment with Selected Answer: vancomycin. An immunocompromised patient with a diagnosis of candidiasis has failed to respond to conservative therapy and has consequently begun treatment with amphotericin B. The nurse is aware that this drug achieves a therapeutic effect by way of its influence on Selected Answer: the permeability of fungal cell walls. A 36-year-old woman with a history of dysmenorrhea has begun treatment with progesterone, which she will be receiving by the intramuscular route. The nurse participating in the woman's care should prioritize which of the following potential nursing diagnoses? Selected Answer: Risk for Injury related to loss of vision or thrombotic events A Nurse Practitioner is explaining the use of acyclovir therapy to a 72-year-old man. Nephrotoxicity is discussed as a major adverse effect in older patients. To minimize the risk of the patient developing this adverse effect, the nurse will advise him to Selected Answer: stay well hydrated by drinking at least eight 8-oz glasses of water daily. A 36-year-old patient comes to the clinic and tells the nurse practitioner that she suspects that she is pregnant. During the initial assessment, the nurse practitioner learns that the patient is currently taking medications for diabetes, hypertension, and a seizure disorder. The nurse would be most concerned about which of the following medications? Selected Answer: Phenytoin (Dilantin) The Nurse Practitioner has established peripheral IV access and begun an infusion of magnesium sulfate on a 29-year-old antepartum patient who is 35 weeks pregnant. Which of the following assessment findings most likely prompted the patient's physician to order magnesium sulfate for this patient? Selected Answer: Systolic blood pressure readings in excess of 190 mmHg A Nurse Practitioner educator who coordinates the staff education on an oncology unit is NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS conducting an inservice on targeted therapies. What potential benefit of targeted therapies should the nurse highlight in this education session? Selected Answer: Targeted therapies have the potential to damage cancerous cells while leaving normal body cells less affected. A 45-year-old female patient is prescribed ciprofloxacin to treat a bronchial infection. A nursing assessment revealed that she started taking daily vitamin supplements about 2 years ago. To maximize the therapeutic effects of the ciprofloxacin therapy, the nurse should advise the patient to Selected Answer: take the vitamins at least 2 hours before or after taking ciprofloxacin. A patient is prescribed ganciclovir to treat a CMV infection. An oral dosage is prescribed. To help increase bioavailability of the drug, the nurse will encourage the patient to take the medication Selected Answer: with high-fat meals. A patient with chronic heart failure has begun treatment with epoetin alfa, which she will receive in her own home from a home health nurse. The nurse should teach the patient to supplement this treatment with a diet that is high in Selected Answer: iron-rich foods such as beans and leafy green vegetables. A male patient has been brought to the emergency department during an episode of status epilepticus. Diazepam is to be administered intravenously. The APRN will be sure to Selected Answer: avoid the small veins in the dorsum of the hand or the wrist. A nurse practitioner has been assigned to a 55-year-old woman who has a malignant brain tumor. The patient is receiving her first dose of carmustine. It will be critical for the nurse to observe for which of the following? Selected Answer: Respiratory difficulty A patient reports to a clinic with complaints of breast tenderness, a right lumpy breast, and no breast discharge. The breast tenderness occurs primarily during her menstrual cycle. The nurse practitioner probably suspects Selected Answer: PMS. NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS When provided patient and family education, the nurse should teach the mother with which of the following measures to avoid reinfection following treatment? Selected Answer: The importance of vigilant hygiene for the boy and the other members of the family A Nurse Practitioner is obtaining baseline physical data from a 7-year-old patient who is to be started on dextroamphetamine for ADHD. After obtaining vital signs, height, and weight, the nurse will prepare the patient for an Selected Answer: electrocardiogram (ECG). Mr. Laird is a 49-year-old electrician who experienced severe burns on his trunk, arms, and hands in a workplace accident 2 weeks ago. Part of his current wound care regimen involves the daily application of silver sulfadiazine to his wounds. The nurses who are providing care for Mr. Laird in the burns and plastics unit of the hospital should perform what action when administering this medication? Selected Answer: Cleanse the wound of debris prior to applying the silver sulfadiazine A patient has been admitted to the critical care unit of the hospital with bacterial septicemia that has failed to respond to initial antibiotic treatment. The patient's most recent blood cultures reveal the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the patient's blood. The nurse will anticipate that this patient will likely require intravenous administration of what antibiotic? Selected Answer: Vancomycin A patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) will be starting a course of doxorubicin shortly. When planning this patient's care, what nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize? Selected Answer: Risk for Infection related to suppressed bone marrow function Mr. Lepp is a 63-year-old man who was diagnosed with colon cancer several weeks ago and who is scheduled to begin chemotherapy. He reports to the nurse that he read about the need for erythropoietin in an online forum for cancer patients and wants to explore the use of epoetin alfa with his oncologist. Which of the following facts should underlie the nurse's response to Mr. Lepp? Selected Answer: The potential benefits of epoetin alfa must be weighed carefully against the potential adverse effects in cancer patients. NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS A 66-year-old man has made an appointment with his primary care provider to discuss his recent erectile dysfunction (ED) and has requested a prescription for tadalafil (Cialis) based on television commercials he has seen. What characteristic of this patient would most likely contraindicate the use of tadalafil for his ED? Selected Answer: The patient has unstable angina and uses a nitroglycerin patch A man has a demonstrated history of androgen deficiency and the consequences of this health problem include an inability to maintain an erection. Which of the following medications would best address this patient's erectile dysfunction (ED)? Selected Answer: Exogenous testosterone A Nurse Practitioner is working with a 16-year-old pregnant teen and assessing for behavior that may put the baby at risk. The most important assessment the nurse can make is Selected Answer: whether the pregnant woman uses illegal substances. A Nurse Practitioner is aware that the concept of selective toxicity is foundational to antimicrobial therapy. Which of the following statements most accurately describes selective toxicity? Selected Answer: A drug harms microbes without harming human cells. A 20-year-old woman has been prescribed estrogen. As with all women taking estrogen, the nurse will carefully monitor the patient for which of the following? Selected Answer: Cardiovascular complications A 13-year-old female took a weight loss drug that activated the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect? Selected Answer: Increased cardiac conduction A 33-year-old man has developed acute gouty arthritis. He has been prescribed colchicine. When developing a care plan for this patient, which factor will be most important for the nurse to consider? Selected Answer: Dietary habits Which of the following patients will be at the greatest risk for anemia and would be the while leaving normal body cells less affected. NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS A patient has been prescribed oral tetracycline. The nurse will instruct the patient to take the drug Selected Answer: on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking any meals or other drugs. A 16-year-old boy is prescribed cromolyn sodium nasal spray to treat a nasal allergy. To maximize the therapeutic effects of the drug, which of the following will the nurse include in instructions to the patient? Selected Answer: Take the drug for one full week before coming in contact with allergens An elderly woman is slated for a hemiarthroplasty (hip replacement surgery) after falling and breaking her hip on the stairs outside her home. The woman's pain in the time since her injury has been severe, and her care team has been treating it with morphine. Which of the following administration schedules is most likely to control the patient's pain? Selected Answer: Twice-daily doses of long-acting morphine, with short-acting morphine available for breakthrough pain A Nurse Practitioner is obtaining baseline physical data from a 7-year-old patient who is to be started on dextroamphetamine for ADHD. After obtaining vital signs, height, and weight, the nurse will prepare the patient for an Selected Answer: electrocardiogram (ECG). An immunocompromised 7-year-old child was recently discharged home with a peripherally-inserted central line (PIC line) for home antibiotic therapy. He has now been brought to the emergency department by his mother and father with signs and symptoms of line sepsis. Upon questioning, the mother states that she has been removing the PIC dressing daily and washing the site with warm water and a cloth. What nursing diagnosis is most appropriate in this situation? Selected Answer: Ineffective Family Therapeutic Regimen Management A 65-year-old woman has an advanced form of rheumatoid arthritis. Her treatment includes a regular dosage of methotrexate. The APRN will advise her to take which of the following vitamin supplements while taking the drug? Selected Answer: Vitamin B NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS patient, the nurse should stress that Selected Answer: body fluids such as urine, saliva, tears, and sputum may become discolored. Which of the following would a Nurse Practitioner assess for in a patient who is taking polymyxin B systemically? Selected Answer: (INCORRECT) Peripheral neuropathy **nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity Alprostadil (Caverject), a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction, has been prescribed to a 42-year-old patient. When providing education to the patient and his wife, the nurse should inform the wife about which of the following adverse effects? Selected Answer:Vaginal burning A Nurse Practitioner is to use a single-dose 1 mL vial to administer 0.5 mL of epoetin alfa to a 39-year-old woman who is being treated for chemotherapy-induced anemia. Which of the following will the nurse do with the unused portion of the drug? Selected Answer:Discard the unused portion of the drug. A 12-year-old boy is being discharged from the hospital after major surgery. The boy will be taking two medications at home for an extended period. The nurse who is discharging the patient should provide medication teaching specifically to Selected Answer:both the boy and his mother regarding all medication issued. A Nurse Practitioner works at a weight management clinic. To which of the following overweight patients could the nurse safely administer dextroamphetamine? Selected Answer:A 48-year-old Caucasian man who has adult-onset diabetes A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a patient who is at 28 weeks' gestation and is receiving terbutaline (Brethine) to control preterm labor. Which of the following assessment parameters should the nurse prioritize? Selected Answer:Fetal heart rate (FHR) A school nurse has been teaching high school students about the risks associated with marijuana use. However, the nurse has been met with considerable skepticism on the part NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS of students, most of whom believe that marijuana is a benign drug. Which of the following teaching points should the nurse provide? A patient is receiving radiotherapy for an overactive thyroid gland and asks whether her milk is safe for her baby. If her treatment cannot be discontinued, what should the nurse recommend? Selected Answer:Advise her to discard her breast milk in a biohazard container, as it is unsafe for the baby. A Nurse Practitioner is working with a 16-year-old pregnant teen and assessing for behavior that may put the baby at risk. The most important assessment the nurse can make is Selected Answer:whether the pregnant woman uses illegal substances. The nurse practitioner orders Amoxicillin 500 mg tid? What is the total amount of medication patient will take per day? Selected Answer:1500 mg A Nurse Practitioner who provides care on a pediatric unit of a hospital is aware that the potential for harm as a result of drug errors is higher among infants and children than adults. This fact is primarily due to Selected Answer:immature liver and kidney function in infants and children. A man is prescribed ciprofloxacin to treat a sexually transmitted infection. The nurse will instruct the patient to Selected Answer:complete the entire course of drug therapy. Mr. Laird is a 49-year-old electrician who experienced severe burns on his trunk, arms, and hands in a workplace accident 2 weeks ago. Part of his current wound care regimen involves the daily application of silver sulfadiazine to his wounds. The nurses who are providing care for Mr. Laird in the burns and plastics unit of the hospital should perform what action when administering this medication? Selected Answer:Cleanse the wound of debris prior to applying the silver sulfadiazine The Nurse Practitioner has established peripheral IV access and begun an infusion of magnesium sulfate on a 29-year-old antepartum patient who is 35 weeks pregnant. Which of the following assessment findings most likely prompted the patient's physician to order magnesium sulfate for this patient? Selected Answer:Systolic blood pressure readings in excess of 190 mmHg NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS A 66-year-old woman has experienced a significant decline in her quality of life as a result of worsening rheumatoid arthritis. Her physician has prescribed etanercept and the APRN is responsible for facilitating this new aspect of the patient's drug regimen. This will involve the administration of Selected Answer:weekly subcutaneous injections. A Nurse Practitioner will monitor which of the following when assigned to a patient taking allopurinol for chronic gout who visits the clinic every 2 months? Selected Answer:Liver function tests Mr. Lepp is a 63-year-old man who was diagnosed with colon cancer several weeks ago and who is scheduled to begin chemotherapy. He reports to the nurse that he read about the need for erythropoietin in an online forum for cancer patients and wants to explore the use of epoetin alfa with his oncologist. Which of the following facts should underlie the nurse's response to Mr. Lepp? Selected Answer:The potential benefits of epoetin alfa must be weighed carefully against the potential adverse effects in cancer patients. A 46-year-old man is receiving a quinupristin/dalfopristin IV infusion for a life- threatening infection. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to monitor? Selected Answer:Infiltration, edema, or phlebitis at the infusion site A patient asks the nurse practitioner about food sources such as soybeans and soy products. The nurse practitioner understands that these foods are considered Selected Answer:phytoestrogens. A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a patient with cancer who has been prescribed dronabinol (Marinol) to help reduce nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy. The nurse will inform the patient that he or she is taking an oral form of Selected Answer:marijuana. A patient has been admitted to the critical care unit with a diagnosis of peritonitis that has necessitated treatment with gentamicin. As a result, the care team should be cautious when concurrently administering other medications that may cause NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS discuss his recent erectile dysfunction (ED) and has requested a prescription for tadalafil (Cialis) based on television commercials he has seen. What characteristic of this patient would most likely contraindicate the use of tadalafil for his ED? Selected Answer:The patient has unstable angina and uses a nitroglycerin patch Drugs have a valid medical use but a high potential for abuse, both psychological and physiologic. In an emergency, a Schedule 2 drug may be prescribed by telephone if a written prescription cannot be provided at the time. However, a written prescription must be provided within 72 hours with the words authorization for emergency dispensing written on the prescription. These prescriptions cannot be refilled. A new prescription must be written each time. Examples include certain amphetamines and barbiturates. This is scheduled drug Selected Answer:Schedule 2 A patient with chronic heart failure has begun treatment with epoetin alfa, which she will receive in her own home from a home health nurse. The nurse should teach the patient to supplement this treatment with a diet that is high in Selected Answer:iron-rich foods such as beans and leafy green vegetables. A postmenopausal patient is prescribed bisphosphonates to treat osteoporosis. The nurse will instruct the patient to take the drug Selected Answer:first thing in the morning. A Nurse Practitioner is providing patient education to a 50-year-old woman who is taking methotrexate (MTX) for breast cancer. The nurse will instruct the patient to avoid which of the following drugs? Selected Answer:Salicylates A 56-year-old woman will soon begin treatment of her overactive bladder with tolterodine (Detrol). What patient teaching should the nurse provide to this woman? Selected Answer:"You might find that you get a dry mouth or a headache from this drug, but this does not mean it has to be discontinued." Which of the following patients will be at the greatest risk for anemia and would be the most likely candidate for epoetin alfa therapy? Selected Answer:A 62-year-old male with cancer NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS The clinical nurse educator who oversees the emergency department in a children's hospital has launched an awareness program aimed at reducing drug errors. What measure addresses the most common cause of incorrect doses in the care of infants and children? Selected Answer:Having nurses check their math calculations with a colleague before administering a drug. A nurse practitioner orders 150 mg of oral fluconazole for a patient with vulvovaginal candidiasis. The patient should expect to take medication Selected Answer:once a day. A 72-year-old patient is prescribed ophthalmic ciprofloxacin for a bacterial infection in her right eye. The nurse will teach her to observe for which of the following adverse effects of the drug? Selected Answer:Lid margin crusting and pruritus A Nurse Practitioner is assigned to a patient who is at 32 weeks' gestation and is receiving terbutaline (Brethine) IV for 24 hours to control preterm labor. Which of the following nursing actions will the nurse take to decrease the risk of hypotension and promote circulation to the fetus? Selected Answer:Instruct the patient to lie on her left side during the infusion. A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a 46-year-old female patient who is taking paclitaxel for ovarian cancer. Two or three days after the infusion of the drug, the nurse must closely monitor for which of the following? Selected Answer:Neurotoxicity A nurse practitioner has been assigned to a 55-year-old woman who has a malignant brain tumor. The patient is receiving her first dose of carmustine. It will be critical for the nurse to observe for which of the following? Selected Answer:Respiratory difficulty A patient with AIDS has developed a number of secondary infections in recent weeks, including A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a patient with cancer who has been prescribed dronabinol (Marinol) to help reduce nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy. The nurse will inform the patient that he or she is taking an oral form of Selected Answer:marijuana. A 38-year-old pregnant patient admits to the Nurse Practitioner that she is an alcoholic and has been consuming alcohol during her pregnancy. The nurse knows that using alcohol during pregnancy may result in a child who presents with Selected Answer:microcephaly. A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a 64-year-old female patient who is receiving IV heparin and reports bleeding from her gums. The nurse checks the patient's laboratory test results and finds that she has a very high aPTT. The nurse anticipates that which of the following drugs may be ordered? Selected Answer:Protamine sulfate A male patient has been on long-term bicalutamide (Casodex) therapy. In order to assess adverse effects of the drug therapy, the nurse will closely monitor which of the following? Selected Answer:Liver function A patient is receiving radiotherapy for an overactive thyroid gland and asks whether her milk is safe for her baby. If her treatment cannot be discontinued, what should the nurse recommend? Selected Answer:Advise her to discard her breast milk in a biohazard container, as it is unsafe for the baby. An immunocompromised cancer patient has developed cryptococcal meningitis and been admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment with amphotericin B. How should the nurse most safely administer this drug? Selected Answer:Infuse the drug over 2 to 4 hours into a central line using an infusion pump NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS A school nurse has been teaching high school students about the risks associated with marijuana use. However, the nurse has been met with considerable skepticism on the part of students, most of whom believe that marijuana is a benign drug. Which of the following teaching points should the nurse provide? Selected Answer:"Smoking marijuana is just as bad, or worse, for your lungs as smoking cigarettes." A Nurse Practitioner is working with a 57-year-old man who is a former intravenous drug abuser. He has been prescribed a weekly dosage of methotrexate for his rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following will the nurse include in her teaching plan for this patient? Selected Answer:Drink plenty of water every day A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a patient who is on amphotericin B. On morning rounds the patient reports weakness, numbness, and a tingling sensation in his feet. What would be a priority action by the nurse? Selected Answer:Keep the bed in a low position and the side rails up at all times. Sulconazole has been prescribed for a patient with tinea pedis. The nurse will instruct the patient to use the topical agent Selected Answer:once a day. An oncology nurse is aware of the risks for injury that exist around the preparation, transportation, and administration of chemotherapeutic agents. In order to reduce these risks of injury, the nurse should take which of the following actions? Selected Answer:Prime the IV tubing with an approved IV solution rather than with the drug itself. A Nurse Practitioner educator who coordinates the staff education on an oncology unit is conducting an inservice on targeted therapies. What potential benefit of targeted therapies should the nurse highlight in this education session? Selected Answer:Targeted therapies have the potential to damage cancerous cells while leaving normal body cells less affected. NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS A 16-year-old boy is prescribed cromolyn sodium nasal spray to treat a nasal allergy. To maximize the therapeutic effects of the drug, which of the following will the nurse include in instructions to the patient? Selected Answer:Take the drug for one full week before coming in contact with allergens A 34-year-old male has been diagnosed with TB and will be started on INH therapy. The medication history reveals that he currently takes antacids on a regular basis. The nurse will instruct the patient to take Selected Answer:antacids not less than 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking INH. A child is admitted to the burn unit with second and third degree burns on both arms and part of his or her face. When administering topical medications to the burned areas, the nurse should Selected Answer:use sterile technique when applying the medication. A 66-year-old man has made an appointment with his primary care provider to discuss his recent erectile dysfunction (ED) and has requested a prescription for tadalafil (Cialis) based on television commercials he has seen. What characteristic of this patient would most likely contraindicate the use of tadalafil for his ED? Selected Answer:The patient has unstable angina and uses a nitroglycerin patch A 39-year-old woman is receiving doxorubicin for the treatment of cancer. After each treatment, the patient has acute nausea and vomiting accompanied by a slightly increased heart rate. The nurse will advise her to Selected Answer:perform relaxation techniques after the treatments. A nurse practitioner orders a single dose of 2 g Metronidazole orally. How many milligrams will the patient receive in one dose? Selected Answer:2000 mg Which of the following would the nurse include in a teaching plan about the signs and symptoms of thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism that should be reported by a patient taking estrogen? Selected Answer:Headaches and chest pain A 36-year-old woman with a history of dysmenorrhea has begun treatment with progesterone, which she will be receiving by the intramuscular route. The nurse participating in the woman's care should prioritize which of the following potential nursing diagnoses? Selected Answer:Risk for Injury related to loss of vision or thrombotic events A Nurse Practitioner working in a cancer center is preparing to administer medication to a 5- year-old child. The nurse will calculate the drug dosage by using Selected Answer:body surface area. Mr. Laird is a 49-year-old electrician who experienced severe burns on his trunk, arms, and hands in a workplace accident 2 weeks ago. Part of his current wound care regimen involves the daily application of silver sulfadiazine to his wounds. The nurses who are providing care for Mr. Laird in the burns and plastics unit of the hospital should perform what action when administering this medication? Selected Answer:Cleanse the wound of debris prior to applying the silver sulfadiazine A 9-year-old boy was bought to his primary care provider by his mother with signs and symptoms of hookworm infection and will be sent home with a prescription for mebendazole. When provided patient and family education, the nurse should teach the mother with which of the following measures to avoid reinfection following treatment? Selected Answer:The importance of vigilant hygiene for the boy and the other members of the family A 36-year-old patient comes to the clinic and tells the nurse practitioner that she suspects that she is pregnant. During the initial assessment, the nurse practitioner learns that the patient is NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS currently taking medications for diabetes, hypertension, and a seizure disorder. The nurse would be most concerned about which of the following medications? Selected Answer:By inactivating clotting factors and thus stopping the coagulation cascade A 29-year-old pregnant patient is extremely upset about having to take medication for a pre- existing medical condition. She is consumed with fear that her baby will be born with a physical deformity or a congenital anomaly but knows that she has to take the medication. She talks constantly about this and is unable to sleep most nights. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient is? Selected Answer:Anxiety related to perceived danger of drug therapy to fetus or infant Which of the following patients will be at the greatest risk for anemia and would be the most likely candidate for epoetin alfa therapy? Selected Answer:A 62-year-old male with cancer A 54-year-old woman with a history of osteoporosis has been prescribed ciprofloxacin for recurrent cystitis. Because of the patient's history, the nurse would be sure to discuss with the woman the use of Selected Answer:food containing iron or calcium. A Nurse Practitioner is aware that the concept of selective toxicity is foundational to antimicrobial therapy. Which of the following statements most accurately describes selective toxicity? Selected Answer:A drug harms microbes without harming human cells. A patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) will be starting a course of doxorubicin shortly. When planning this patient's care, what nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize? Selected Answer:Risk for Infection related to suppressed bone marrow function A Nurse Practitioner is reviewing the prepregnancy medication regimen of a patient who has NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS just had a positive pregnancy test. The nurse should be aware of which of the following changes in pharmacokinetics that accompanies pregnancy? Selected Answer:Increased drug distribution resulting from hemodynamic changes A 6-month-old child has developed skin irritation due to an allergic reaction. He has been prescribed a topical skin ointment. The nurse will consider which of the following before administering the drug? Selected Answer:That the infant's skin has greater permeability than that of an adult A Nurse Practitioner is explaining the use of acyclovir therapy to a 72-year-old man. Nephrotoxicity is discussed as a major adverse effect in older patients. To minimize the risk of the patient developing this adverse effect, the nurse will advise him to Selected Answer:stay well hydrated by drinking at least eight 8-oz glasses of water daily. An elderly woman is slated for a hemiarthroplasty (hip replacement surgery) after falling and breaking her hip on the stairs outside her home. The woman's pain in the time since her injury has been severe, and her care team has been treating it with morphine. Which of the following administration schedules is most likely to control the patient's pain? Selected Answer:Twice-daily doses of long-acting morphine, with short-acting morphine available for breakthrough pain A 73-year-old woman has osteoporosis and is prescribed alendronate. She takes calcium and vitamin D supplements, drinks lots of water, and has just quit smoking. The nurse should advise the patient to also Selected Answer:perform light-weight exercises and go for walks. A 15-year-old boy who has been taking dextroamphetamine for the treatment of ADHD has been experiencing a depressed mood and a sense of hopelessness. He confides in the school nurse that he has begun taking his stepfather's antidepressant to improve his mood. After immediately phoning the boy's stepfather, the nurse learns that the drug in question is phenelzine (Nardil), a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). The nurse should recognize that this combination of drugs creates a serious risk of what health problem? NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS A Nurse Practitioner is explaining to the parents of a 6-year-old child suffering from angina why nitroglycerin patches for chest pain would not be appropriate. Which of the following will the nurse include in an explanation? Selected Answer:A child has a greater body surface area, creating greater permeability resulting in an increase in absorption of topical agents, which may result in more adverse effects. A Nurse Practitioner is going to administer medication to an infant using a medicine dropper. The best method is to open the child's mouth by gently squeezing the cheeks and placing the drops Selected Answer:in the buccal pouch. A Nurse Practitioner is providing patient education to a 13-year-old girl who was just diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the patient will alert the nurse that special instructions regarding insulin are necessary? Selected Answer:"I am on the middle school track team." A 7-year-old child has tonsillitis and is prescribed penicillin V, which is to be administered at home. The nurse will instruct the parents to administer the drug Selected Answer:with a glass of water 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. A patient has been prescribed oral tetracycline. The nurse will instruct the patient to take the drug Selected Answer:on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking any meals or other drugs. The nurse practitioner orders Amoxicillin 500 mg tid? What is the total amount of medication patient will take per day? Selected Answer:1500 mg A Nurse Practitioner will monitor which of the following when assigned to a patient taking allopurinol for chronic gout who visits the clinic every 2 months? NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS Selected Answer:Liver function tests A female patient is taking filgrastim (Neupogen) to decrease the incidence of infection. The nurse notices a small increase in the neutrophil count 2 days after starting therapy. The nurse's evaluation of the increase is that Selected Answer:the increase in the neutrophil count is only transient. A woman who is in the second trimester of her first pregnancy has been experiencing frequent headaches and has sought advice from her nurse practitioner about safe treatment options. What analgesic can the nurse most safely recommend? Selected Answer:Acetaminophen A Nurse Practitioner who provides care on a pediatric unit of a hospital is aware that the potential for harm as a result of drug errors is higher among infants and children than adults. This fact is primarily due to Selected Answer:immature liver and kidney function in infants and children. A patient is being seen in the emergency department for a sprained ankle and is given a drug to relieve pain. When a second dose of the pain medication is given, the patient develops redness of the skin, itching, and swelling at the site of injection of the drug. The most likely cause of this response is Selected Answer:an allergic response. A Nurse Practitioner is to use a single-dose 1 mL vial to administer 0.5 mL of epoetin alfa to a 39-year-old woman who is being treated for chemotherapy-induced anemia. Which of the following will the nurse do with the unused portion of the drug? Selected Answer:Discard the unused portion of the drug. A 20-year-old female patient is receiving topical clindamycin for acne vulgaris. She develops a rash and urticaria along with severe itching where the medication is applied. The nurse will Morphine has been prescribed for a 28-year-old man with severe pain due to a back injury. The nurse will advise the patient to avoid Selected Answer:alcohol. A male patient has been brought to the emergency department during an episode of status epilepticus. Diazepam is to be administered intravenously. The APRN will be sure to Selected Answer:avoid the small veins in the dorsum of the hand or the wrist. After 6 months of unsuccessfully trying to conceive, a 31-year-old woman and her husband have sought a referral to a fertility specialist in order to explore their options. A nurse at the clinic should recognize that the woman may benefit from Selected Answer:clomiphene. A patient has been admitted to the critical care unit with a diagnosis of peritonitis that has necessitated treatment with gentamicin. As a result, the care team should be cautious when concurrently administering other medications that may cause Selected Answer:ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity. A Nurse Practitioner is assigned to a patient who is at 32 weeks' gestation and is receiving terbutaline (Brethine) IV for 24 hours to control preterm labor. Which of the following nursing actions will the nurse take to decrease the risk of hypotension and promote circulation to the fetus? Selected Answer:Instruct the patient to lie on her left side during the infusion. Laboratory testing has confirmed that a patient has chloroquine-resistant malaria and the patient's physician has prescribed quinine along with an adjunctive drug. The nurse should question the physician's order if the patient has a history of Selected Answer:cardiac arrhythmias. NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS A 20-year-old woman will soon begin taking oral contraceptives for the first time. What advice should the nurse provide to this patient? Selected Answer:"Make sure to seek care quickly if you experience bad headaches, calf pain, or changes in vision." A 30-year-old African-American woman tested positive for TB and is prescribed isoniazid. The nurse will plan the patient's care to include close monitoring of the drug therapy because Selected Answer:the patient is at greater risk for high serum levels of the drug. A 66-year-old woman has experienced a significant decline in her quality of life as a result of worsening rheumatoid arthritis. Her physician has prescribed etanercept and the APRN is responsible for facilitating this new aspect of the patient's drug regimen. This will involve the administration of Selected Answer:weekly subcutaneous injections. A patient with a recent diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is discussing treatment options with his care team. What aspect of the patient's condition would contraindicate the use of cyclophosphamide for the treatment of leukemia? Selected Answer:The patient's bone marrow function is significantly depressed. When planning care for a patient who is receiving filgrastim (Neupogen) for a nonmyeloid malignancy, the nurse should formulate which of the following patient outcomes? (Select all that apply.) Selected Answers: The patient will not develop an infection. The patient will not experience bone pain. The patient will be able to self-administer filgrastim at home. The patient will not develop febrile neutropenia. A Nurse Practitioner who provides care on a pediatric medicine unit has conducted a medication reconciliation of a recently admitted patient. In light of the fact that the child takes methylphenidate (Ritalin), the nurse is justified in considering a history of what health problem? Selected Answer:ADHD NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS An oncology nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of cancer and is discussing with a colleague the factors that contribute to the success or failure of a patient's chemotherapy. Which of the following cancerous cells is most susceptible to the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs? Selected Answer:Cells that have a rapid mitotic rate A middle-aged patient has received a diagnosis of GI stromal tumor following an extensive diagnostic workup. Imatinib has been recommended as a component of the patient's drug regimen. What patient education should the nurse provide to this patient? Selected Answer:"It's important that you let us know if you develop any significant swelling or puffiness." A 12-year-old boy is being discharged from the hospital after major surgery. The boy will be taking two medications at home for an extended period. The nurse who is discharging the patient should provide medication teaching specifically to Selected Answer:both the boy and his mother regarding all medication issued. A patient has been admitted to the critical care unit with a diagnosis of peritonitis that has necessitated treatment with gentamicin. As a result, the care team should be cautious when concurrently administering other medications that may cause Selected Answer:ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity. A 39-year-old woman is receiving doxorubicin for the treatment of cancer. After each treatment, the patient has acute nausea and vomiting accompanied by a slightly increased heart rate. The nurse will advise her to Selected Answer:perform relaxation techniques after the treatments. A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who has been prescribed dronabinol (Marinol) to help reduce nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy. The nurse will inform the patient that he or she is taking an oral form of Selected Answer:marijuana. A 46-year-old man is receiving a quinupristin/dalfopristin IV infusion for a life-threatening infection. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to monitor? Selected Answer:Infiltration, edema, or phlebitis at the infusion site A woman is receiving prolonged drug therapy during her complicated pregnancy, and it may pose a risk to both the mother and the fetus. The primary care physician has made dosage adjustments to minimize adverse effects and prevent toxicity. The nurse should make sure Selected Answer:that serum levels of the drug are being monitored. Alprostadil (Caverject), a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction, has been prescribed to a 42- year-old patient. When providing education to the patient and his wife, the nurse should inform the wife about which of the following adverse effects? Selected Answer:Vaginal burning A 36-year-old patient comes to the clinic and tells the nurse that she suspects that she is pregnant. During the initial assessment, the nurse learns that the patient is currently taking medications for diabetes, hypertension, and a seizure disorder. The nurse would be most concerned about which of the following medications? Selected Answer:Phenytoin (Dilantin) A male patient with a medical background tells the nurse that he is not satisfied with the oral synthetic testosterone that has been prescribed for him and he would like to try a natural form of oral testosterone. Which of the following would be an appropriate response by the nurse? Selected Answer:"Natural testosterone undergoes a high first-pass effect and is not used orally." A 2-year-old child is diagnosed with a minor ailment and is to be administered medications at home for 2 weeks. The child lives with his mother, grandmother, and four other children between the ages of 14 months and 7 years. The home health nurse is asked to assess the home environment to determine if it is appropriate for the child to take his medication at home. Which of the following will have the greatest impact on the nurse's assessment? Selected Answer:Where the medications will be stored A 22-year-old woman has given birth to an infant who exhibits the signs and symptoms of maternal cocaine use during pregnancy. These signs and symptoms are a result of what pathophysiological effect of opioid use during pregnancy? Selected Answer:Vasoconstriction leading to reduced placental blood flow A 62-year-old patient taking tamoxifen exhibits increased bone and tumor pain along with a NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS local disease flare. The nurse interprets this as an indication of which of the following? Selected Answer:The tumor responding to treatment ] A patient has just received her first dose of imatinib and the nurse on the oncology unit is amending the patient's care plan accordingly. What nursing diagnosis is most appropriate in light of this addition to the patient's drug regimen? Selected Answer:Risk for Infection related to bone marrow suppression A 20-year-old female patient is receiving topical clindamycin for acne vulgaris. She develops a rash and urticaria along with severe itching where the medication is applied. The nurse will formulate which of the following nursing diagnoses for the patient? Selected Answer:Risk for Injury related to allergic reactions Which of the following nursing actions is most important in achieving successful antimicrobial therapy with vancomycin? Selected Answer: (INCORRECT) Monitor serum drug level **promote adequate intake of fluid and nutrients A woman who is in the second trimester of her first pregnancy has been experiencing frequent headaches and has sought advice from her nurse practitioner about safe treatment options. What analgesic can the nurse most safely recommend? Selected Answer:Acetaminophen A patient receiving high-dose cisplatin therapy exhibits symptoms of hypomagnesemia. Which of the following should the nurse suggest to help offset the magnesium losses from the cisplatin therapy? Selected Answer:Consuming chocolates A child is admitted to the burn unit with second and third degree burns on both arms and part of his or her face. When administering topical medications to the burned areas, the nurse should Selected Answer:use sterile technique when applying the medication. A 21-year-old female has a history of irregular menses. She recently became sexually active, NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS and would like to begin taking oral contraceptives (OCs). The nurse practitioner recognizes that most likely this patient would benefit from taking which category of OCs. Selected Answer:Monophasic A 3-year-old boy has developed otitis media and requires antibiotics. In order to increase the chance that the boy will take his prescribed medication, the nurse should Selected Answer:offer a choice between liquid and chewable medications, if possible. A nurse is providing patient education to a 13-year-old girl who was just diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the patient will alert the nurse that special instructions regarding insulin are necessary? Selected Answer:"I am on the middle school track team." A 28-year-old woman has completed rituximab therapy for an autoimmune disease. She tells the nurse that she and her husband would like to start a family. The nurse will advise her to Selected Answer:continue using birth control for at least 12 months. A 73-year-old woman has osteoporosis and is prescribed alendronate. She takes calcium and vitamin D supplements, drinks lots of water, and has just quit smoking. The nurse should advise the patient to also Selected Answer:perform light-weight exercises and go for walks. A nurse is performing patient education for a woman who has just been prescribed a bisphosphonate. Which of the following diagnostic and history findings would have prompted the woman's care provider to prescribe a bisphosphonate? Selected Answer:Low bone density and a family history of osteoporosis A 20-year-old woman will soon begin taking oral contraceptives for the first time. What advice should the nurse provide to this patient? Selected Answer:"Make sure to seek care quickly if you experience bad headaches, calf pain, or changes in vision." A nurse is providing patient education to a 50-year-old woman who is taking methotrexate (MTX) for breast cancer. The nurse will instruct the patient to avoid which of the following drugs? Selected Answer:Salicylates NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS Selected Answer:The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can create a risk for a superinfection. A female patient has been prescribed estrogen therapy. Which of the following will the nurse advise the patient is a common adverse effect of estrogen therapy? Selected Answer:Breakthrough bleeding A nurse is discussing oprelvekin therapy with a male patient. Which of the following will the nurse tell the patient is the most common adverse effect of the drug? Selected Answer:Fluid retention/weight gain A man has a demonstrated history of androgen deficiency and the consequences of this health problem include an inability to maintain an erection. Which of the following medications would best address this patient's erectile dysfunction (ED)? Selected Answer:Exogenous testosterone A female patient has follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and is receiving thalidomide (Thalomid). It will be most important for the nurse to monitor this patient for which of the following? Selected Answer:Bleeding A nurse has administered filgrastim to a diverse group of patients in recent months. Which of the following patients should the nurse observe for extremely elevated white blood cell counts following administration of the drug? Selected Answer:A 19-year-old male receiving radiotherapy A nurse is aware that the concept of selective toxicity is foundational to antimicrobial therapy. Which of the following statements most accurately describes selective toxicity? Selected Answer:A drug harms microbes without harming human cells. A 59-year-old man with a recent history of erectile dysfunction has been assessed and prescribed sildenafil (Viagra). When providing patient education to this man, the nurse should tell him which of the following? Selected Answer:"You might find that your face becomes flushed or you get a headache after you take Viagra." A nurse has completed a medication reconciliation of a patient who has been admitted following a motor vehicle accident. Among the many drugs that the patient has received in the previous year is rituximab. The nurse would be justified in suspecting the patient may have received treatment for which of the following diseases? Selected Answer:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma A patient asks the nurse practitioner about food sources such as soybeans and soy products. The nurse practitioner understands that these foods are considered Selected Answer:phytoestrogens. A nurse is providing patient education to a 23-year-old woman who is starting the norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol transdermal system (Ortho Evra). Because this is the patient's first time to use the birth control patch, the nurse will instruct her to apply the patch Selected Answer:on the day her menstrual period begins. A nurse is explaining the use of acyclovir therapy to a 72-year-old man. Nephrotoxicity is discussed as a major adverse effect in older patients. To minimize the risk of the patient developing this adverse effect, the nurse will advise him to Selected Answer:stay well hydrated by drinking at least eight 8-oz glasses of water daily. Which of the following patients will be at the greatest risk for anemia and would be the most likely candidate for epoetin alfa therapy? Selected Answer:A 62-year-old male with cancer A 35-year-old woman is on a weight-loss program and is to begin taking sibutramine (Meridia). After baseline physical data are obtained, the nurse will assess the patient's childbearing potential. The nurse will inform the patient that during sibutramine therapy she should Selected Answer:use adequate contraception. The nurse recognizes that the potential for teratogenic drug effects is not static throughout the prenatal and postnatal periods. The potential for teratogenic effects is highest during Selected Answer:the first 2 months of pregnancy. NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS On the advice of her sister, a 52-year-old woman has visited her nurse practitioner to discuss the potential benefits of hormone replacement therapy in controlling the symptoms of menopause. Which of the following responses by the nurse is most appropriate? Selected Answer:"It's important to balance the possible benefits of HRT with the fact that it might increase your risk of heart disease and stroke" A 16-year-old boy is prescribed cromolyn sodium nasal spray to treat a nasal allergy. To maximize the therapeutic effects of the drug, which of the following will the nurse include in instructions to the patient? Selected Answer:Take the drug for one full week before coming in contact with allergens A nurse who provides care on a pediatric unit of a hospital is aware that the potential for harm as a result of drug errors is higher among infants and children than adults. This fact is primarily due to Selected Answer:immature liver and kidney function in infants and children. A nurse who provides care on a pediatric medicine unit has conducted a medication reconciliation of a recently-admitted patient. In light of the fact that the child takes methylphenidate (Ritalin), the nurse is justified in considering a history of what health problem? Selected Answer:ADHD A nurse is caring for a 64-year-old female patient who is receiving IV heparin and reports bleeding from her gums. The nurse checks the patient's laboratory test results and finds that she has a very high aPTT. The nurse anticipates that which of the following drugs may be ordered? Selected Answer:Protamine sulfate A 10-year-old boy is taking dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) daily for ADHD. At each clinic visit, the nurse's priority assessment would be Selected Answer:height and weight. A 9-year-old boy was bought to his primary care provider by his mother with signs and symptoms of hookworm infection and will be sent home with a prescription for mebendazole. When provided patient and family education, the nurse should teach the mother with which of which of the following? Selected Answer:Respiratory difficulty NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS A man is prescribed ciprofloxacin to treat a sexually transmitted infection. The nurse will instruct the patient to Selected Answer:complete the entire course of drug therapy. A 66-year-old man has made an appointment with his primary care provider to discuss his recent erectile dysfunction (ED) and has requested a prescription for tadalafil (Cialis) based on television commercials he has seen. What characteristic of this patient would most likely contraindicate the use of tadalafil for his ED? Selected Answer:The patient has unstable angina and uses a nitroglycerin patch A nurse is caring for a patient who is at 28 weeks' gestation and is receiving terbutaline (Brethine) to control preterm labor. Which of the following assessment parameters should the nurse prioritize? Selected Answer:Fetal heart rate (FHR) A patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) will be starting a course of doxorubicin shortly. When planning this patient's care, what nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize? Selected Answer:Risk for Infection related to suppressed bone marrow function A patient is taking rifampin (Rifadin) for active TB. When discussing this drug with the patient, the nurse should stress that Selected Answer:body fluids such as urine, saliva, tears, and sputum may become discolored. A nurse is administering rituximab to a patient via the IV route. The nurse will set the IV pump at 50 mg/hour for the first half hour of the initial infusion. If there are not apparent reactions after 30 minutes of the infusion, the nurse will increase the dosage every 30 minutes by 50 mg/hour until the maximum infusion rate reaches which of the following? Selected Answer:400 mg/hour A patient will soon begin targeted therapy as a component of her treatment plan for chronic leukemia. The nurse is conducting health education about this new aspect of the patient's drug NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS A nurse is going to administer medication to an infant using a medicine dropper. The best method is to open the child's mouth by gently squeezing the cheeks and placing the drops Selected Answer: in the buccal pouch. A nurse practitioner orders a single dose of 2 g Metronidazole orally. How many milligrams will the patient receive in one dose? Selected Answer: 2000 mg A patient is being treated for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. She is allergic to penicillin and is being given azithromycin (Zithromax) in capsule form. The nurse will inform the patient that she will need to take the capsule Selected Answer: on an empty stomach. A nurse is explaining to a pregnant 21-year-old college student why she cannot continue to take ibuprofen (Advil) for her headaches. The nurse draws a picture depicting drug molecules crossing the placental membrane and entering into the fetal circulation. The nurse tells the patient that the main reason this happens is because Selected Answer: drugs compete with the hormones of pregnancy for albumin-binding sites. A patient has been prescribed oral tetracycline. The nurse will instruct the patient to take the drug Selected Answer: on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking any meals or other drugs. A nurse practitioner orders a single dose of 2 g Metronidazole orally. How many milligrams will the patient receive in one dose? Selected Answer: 2000 mg A 19-year-old patient reports to a clinic with vaginal discharge with a foul odor. A microscopic exam reveals trichomonas vaginalis. The nurse practitioner is aware that Selected Answer: asymptomatic women are diagnosed with trichomoniasis by a routine pap smear. NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS A woman is receiving magnesium sulfate for intrapartum eclampsia. The patient is perspiring and her blood pressure is 88/50. The serum magnesium level is 10 mg/dL. The nurse will interpret these manifestations as Selected Answer: magnesium sulfate toxicity. A 13-year-old female took a weight loss drug that activated the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect? Selected Answer: Increased cardiac conduction A patient asks the nurse practitioner about food sources such as soybeans and soy products. The nurse practitioner understands that these foods are considered Selected Answer: phytoestrogens. A patient has been admitted to the critical care unit of the hospital with bacterial septicemia that has failed to respond to initial antibiotic treatment. The patient's most recent blood cultures reveal the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the patient's blood. The nurse will anticipate that this patient will likely require intravenous administration of what antibiotic? Selected Answer: Vancomycin A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a patient with cancer who has been prescribed dronabinol (Marinol) to help reduce nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy. The nurse will inform the patient that he or she is taking an oral form of Selected Answer: marijuana. A 7-year-old child has tonsillitis and is prescribed penicillin V, which is to be administered at home. The nurse will instruct the parents to administer the drug Selected Answer: with a glass of water 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. A Nurse Practitioner has completed a medication reconciliation of a patient who has been admitted following a motor vehicle accident. Among the many drugs that the patient has received in the previous year is rituximab. The nurse would be justified in suspecting the patient may have received treatment for which of the following diseases? Selected Answer: use sterile technique when applying the medication. NURS6501ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM PART 1 26 OF THE 100 QUESTIONS ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST WITH ANSWERS A 29-year-old pregnant patient is extremely upset about having to take medication for a pre- existing medical condition. She is consumed with fear that her baby will be born with a physical deformity or a congenital anomaly but knows that she has to take the medication. She talks constantly about this and is unable to sleep most nights. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient is? Selected Answer: Anxiety related to perceived danger of drug therapy to fetus or infant A patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) will be starting a course of doxorubicin shortly. When planning this patient's care, what nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize? Selected Answer: Risk for Infection related to suppressed bone marrow function A 9-year-old boy was bought to his primary care provider by his mother with signs and symptoms of hookworm infection and will be sent home with a prescription for mebendazole. When provided patient and family education, the nurse should teach the mother with which of the following measures to avoid reinfection following treatment? Selected Answer: The importance of vigilant hygiene for the boy and the other members of the family A pregnant patient asks the Nurse Practitioner what over-the-counter medication she can take for recurring headaches. The nurse should recommend Selected Answer: tylenol. A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a patient who is at 28 weeks' gestation and is receiving terbutaline (Brethine) to control preterm labor. Which of the following assessment parameters should the nurse prioritize? Selected Answer: Fetal heart rate (FHR) A patient has endocarditis and is taking gentamicin. The Nurse Practitioner will be sure to monitor which of the following? Selected Answer: Creatinine clearance A 72-year-old patient is prescribed ophthalmic ciprofloxacin for a bacterial infection in her right eye. The nurse will teach her to observe for which of the following adverse effects of the drug? Selected Answer: Lid margin crusting and pruritus