NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers, Exams of Nursing

Download NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers A Norepinephrine B GABA . C Dopamine . D Acetylcholine Answer: NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers QUESTION 1 1. Select the neurotransmitter involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 Dopamine Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to defects in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuitry, which may be linked to neurotransmitter dysregulation throughout this network. Serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main neurotransmitters throughout the CSTC. Compulsive behaviors linked to OCD are likely the product of a related dopaminergic reward system dysfunction. Continuous ventral striatum activation may lead to an undirected expectation of reward. Anxiety and a desire to fill the gap are caused by unfulfilled expectations. Step-by-Step explanation References Richter, M. A., De Jesus, D. R., Hoppenbrouwers, S., Daigle, M., Deluce, J., Ravindran, L. N., ... & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2019). Evidence for cortical inhibitory and excitatory dysfunction in obsessive compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(5), 1144-1151. Pittenger, C., Krystal, J. H., & Coric, V. (2016). Glutamate-modulating drugs as novel pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. NeuroRx, 3(1), 69- 81. 1 points QUESTION 2 NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 A Opioid analgesics . B TCA and SSRI . antidepressants C Beta-adrenergic . blockers D Mood stabilizers . Opioids analgesics Opioid analgesics are drugs that function on opioid receptors that are used to alleviate pain. Weak opioid analgesics are often used to describe compound analgesics that combine acetaminophen with low levels of codeine or tramadol. Opioid analgesics, which include oxycodone, hydrocodone, and codeine, can be used to relieve mild to extreme acute pain. Opioids are medications that are chemically similar to, but more potent than, the body's own pain relievers (endorphins). They operate by binding to receptors on cells, primarily in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal tract. Step-by-Step explanation References Andrieu, G., Amrouni, H., Robin, E., Carnaille, B., Wattier, J. M., Pattou, F., ... & Lebuffe, G. (2017). Analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block administered before thyroid surgery under general anaesthesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 99(4), 561-566. Mangione, M. P., & Crowley-Matoka, M. (2018). Improving pain management communication: NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 how patients understand the terms "opioid" and "narcotic". Journal of general internal medicine, 23(9), 1336. 1 points QUESTION 3 1. Select the most commonly occurring eating disorder. Answer : A Anorexia . nervosa B Bulimia . nervosa C Purging . D Binge . NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 A. Anorexia Nervosa Step-by-Step explanation Anorexia nervosa is one eating disorder that most people have heard of. People with anorexia often starve themselves in order to achieve an unattainable ideal of thinness. This condition, like many eating disorders, tends to affect more women than men. 1 points QUESTION 4 1. Select the disorder in which inflicting injury to self or others is common. A Pain . B Conversion . C Somatic . symptom D Factitious . Factitious disorder is a serious mental disorder in which someone deceives others by appearing sick, by purposely getting sick or by self-injury. NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 Wagener, D. (2019, September 5). Treatment for dissociative amnesia and substance abuse. American Addiction Centers. https://americanaddictioncenters.org/dissociative- disorders/amnesia-substance- abuse-treat QUESTION 7 1. Select the correct epidemiologic fact about major depression in children and adolescents. A There is a 20% incidence by age 18 . B The incidence is equal in adolescent females and males . C There is a decreased incidence after 20 . D The incidence is five- to ten-fold greater in children with a parent or sibling . with major depression Answer: NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021  A. There is 20% incidence by age of 18 years. Step-by-Step explanation Depression takes place at an estimated rate of around two percent during childhood and from four to around seven percent in time of the adolescence stage. This mental illness is a top cause of health impairment called the morbidity and death also known as mortality which is increasing rapidly every time. Depression is common in time of teenage years, having impacts on about 20%of adolescents by the time they reach adulthood, that is the age of 18. Reference. Jacobs, R. H., Reinecke, M. A., Gollan, J. K., & Kane, P. (2008). Empirical evidence of cognitive vulnerability for depression among children and adolescents: A cognitive science and developmental perspective. Clinical psychology review, 28(5), 759-782. A Hippocampu . s B Temporal . lobe C Amygdala . D Corpus . callosum NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points QUESTION 8 1.Select the brain region that is most implicated in the function of memory. Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points QUESTION 9 1.Select the greatest impediment to treating anorexia nervosa patients. Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 Step- by-Step explana tion I n s o m n i a r e f e r s t o t h e i n a b i l i ty to stay asleep and fall asleep. It the most common sleeping disease. Markedly, narcolepsy triggers extreme sleepiness during the daytime, while hypersomnia involves the inability to remain awake in the day. The others are severe but less common than insomnia. For instance, apnea affects frequent breathing when one is sleeping. Parasomnia leads to unusual behavior when sleeping that can happen at any stage and time of sleep. It may include the transition from sleeping to wakefulness, talking, moving around, and doing abnormal things while asleep. Reference; Morin, C. M., Drake, C. L., Harvey, A. G., Krystal, A. D., Manber, R., Riemann, D., & Spiegelhalder, K. (2015). Insomnia disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 1(1), 1-18. QUESTION 11 1. Select the percentage of untreated PTSD patients who recover after one year. A 10 . % B 20 . % C 30 . % D 50 NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 . % Answer : PTSD D a t a c o m p i l e d b y t h e U . S . Department of Veterans Affairs' National Center for PTSD indicate thatroughly half of all American women and more than half of all American men will experience traumatic situations associated with the later onset of post-traumatic stress disorder. However, much smaller numbers of men and women will actually develop the disorder. Specific traumas linked to the condition include combat participation, being present in a combat zone, adult exposure to physical or sexual attacks, childhood exposure to physical or sexual abuse, exposureto severe floods or other national disasters, exposure to life- threatening accidents and exposure to life-threatening physical illness. For a number of reasons, a woman exposed to severe mental/emotional trauma has higher chances of developing PTSD than a man exposed to such trauma. Doctors can't diagnose PTSD in a person who has undergone a highly traumatic experience within a period of 30 days. Instead, they diagnose the condition in people who continue to experience symptoms after 30 days or only show the first signs of a damaging stress reaction after 30 days. Specific symptoms of the condition include nightmares or flashbacks that involuntarily recall a traumatic situation, an excessive state of mental arousal stemming from an overactive "fight-or- flight" response, avoidance of anything that serves as a trauma reminder and an ongoing or recurring negative outlook that impairs day- to-day functionality. Step-by-Step explanation How Often Do Adults Recover? In the study review published in Clinical Psychology Review, researchers from the Netherlands' University of Amsterdam and Tilburg University and the United Kingdom's Queen Mary University of London used data gathered from 42 previously conducted studies to determine how often people diagnosed with PTSD recover 10 months or more after receiving their initial diagnosis if they don't receive treatment geared toward their condition. The studies under consideration included 81,642 adults diagnosed with the disorder. On average, the studies looked at the outcomes for untreated PTSD patients over the course of 40 months. The researchers looked at the numbers of people who no longer had diagnosable cases of PTSD; they considered cases of "spontaneous" remission rather than cases of remission stemming from PTSD-specific treatment. At the low end, the recovery rate for the NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 p a r t i c i p a n t s o f o n e s t u d y w a s j u s t 8 percent; at the high end, the recovery rate for the participants of another study was 89 percent. All told, 44 percent of the participants in all of the studies recovered from their condition and no longer qualified for a PTSD diagnosis. The study's authors note that the highest rates of spontaneous recovery apparently occur among people exposed to natural disaster-related trauma; conversely, the lowest rates of recovery apparently occur among people exposed to physical illness-related trauma. They also note that people diagnosed with PTSD fairly soon after developing their symptoms typically have higher chances of recovering spontaneously than people diagnosed after exhibiting symptoms for extended amounts of time. The authors believe their findings contribute considerably to the understanding of PTSD recovery, as well as the understanding of the lasting effects of specific sources of PTSD. It's critically important to point out that no one can tell who will naturally recover from the condition; for this reason, all affected individuals should seek prompt treatment from qualified mental health professionals. https://www.recoveryranch.com/addiction-blog/who-is-most-likely-to-recover-from-ptsd- without- treatment/ Significance Trauma disorders are a common and costly problem in the United States. An estimated 5.2 million American adults ages 18 to 54, or approximately 3.6 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have PTSD. In 1990, anxiety disorders cost the U.S. an estimated $46.6 billion. Untreated PTSD from any trauma is unlikely to disappear and can contribute to chronic pain, depression, drug and alcohol abuse and sleep problems that impede a person's ability to work and interact with others. According to psychologist R.C. Kessler's findings from The National Cormorbidity Survey Report (NCS) that examined over 8,000 individuals between the ages of 15 to 54, almost 8 % of adult Americans will experience PTSD at some point in their lives, with women (10.4%) twice as likely to be victims as men (5%). NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 References h t t p s : / / m y . c l e v e l a n d c l i n i c . o r g /health/diseases/9789-dissociative-amnesia https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/dissociative- amnesia QUESTION 14 1. Select the population in which rumination disorder occurs most frequently. A Male infants aged 3 to 12 . months B Female infants 6 to 18 . months C Children aged 2 to 5 years . Answer: A . NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 D Adolesce nts aged 13 to 15 . years Step-by-Step explanation According to studies, the prevalence of rumination disorder most often occurs in infants and very young children between 3 and 12 months and in children with intellectual disabilities. Typically, It is rare in older children, adolescents and adults. It may also occur slightly more often in boys than in girls but few studies of the disorder exist to confirm this. Thus, choice A with male infants aged 3- 12 months is the correct answer. Reference:  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/rumination-disorder  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ rumination- syndrome#:~:text=In%20two %20population- based%20studies,percent %20%5B7%2C8%5D. QUESTION 15 1. Select the symptom that is least associated with manic and hypomanic episodes. A Suicidal . ideation B Inflated self- . esteem NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points 1 points QUESTION 16 1.Select the two comorbid disorders with which Pica occurs most commonly. A Enuresis . Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 C Distractibility . D Pressured . speech Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation Hypomania and mania are periods of over-active and excited behaviour that can have a significant impact on day-to-day life. Both are symptom of bipolar disorder.The main difference between mania and hypomania is the intensity of the symptoms. Symptoms of mania are much more intense than those of hypomania. Among the given options, suicidal ideation is the least associated symptom. It can happen yes, but the 3 other choices are most common in hypomania and manic patients. B Encopresis NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 QUESTION 17 1. Select the third most commonly reported psychiatric symptom. A Depression . B Anxiety . C Psychosis . D Depersonaliza . tion Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanation Psychosis is a condition that affects the way your brain processes information. It causes you to lose touch with reality. You might see, hear, or believe things that aren't real. Common psychotic experiences include hallucinations (hearing, seeing or feeling things that are not there) and delusions (fixed false beliefs or suspicions that are firmly held even when there is evidence to the contrary). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 A Mildly . depressed NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points QUESTION 18 1.Select the characteristic in long sleepers (more than 9 hours) that is absent in shortsleepers (less than 6 hours). Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 B Ambitious . C Socially . adept D Efficient . QUESTION 19 1. Select the two most common peripheral symptoms of anxiety. A Bradycar . dia B Dizziness . C Constipati . on D Tremors . NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 Step-by-Step explanation Treatment of dissociative amnesia (disorder) usually consists of psychotherapy, with the goal of helping the person integrate different identities, and to gain control over the dissociative process and symptoms. Therapy can be long and difficult, as it involves remembering and learning to deal with past trauma. Cognitive (that is, dealing with a patient's conscious intellectual activity) behavioral therapy has been found to be effective. Hypnosis may be another helpful treatment. A newer therapy called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) focuses specifically on the role that disturbing memories play in the development of mental disorders. B Abraha . m C Grodde . ck D Ferencz NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers QUESTION 21 1.Select the theorist who is credited with establishing the area of psychosomaticmedicine. A Freud . 1 points Correct Answer is Option B & Option C Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 . i Answer: D . Step-by-Step explanation Franz Gabriel Alexander (January 22, 1891 - March 8, 1964) was a Hungarian-American psychotherapist and physician who is credited with founding psychosomatic medicine and psychoanalytic criminology. Reference Lacan, J. (1950). A theoretical introduction to the functions of psychoanalysis in criminology. Écrits: The first complete edition in English, 103-122. QUESTION 22 1. Select the disorder in children and adolescents that is described by depressed orirritable mood for most of the day for a majority of days in at least one year. A Major . depression B Cyclothymia . C Bereavement NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 . D Persistent . depression NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 A 60% - . 90% B 50% - . 80% C 30%- . 60% D10%-40% Answer: A. 60%-90% Step-by-Step explanation NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points QUESTION 24 1.Select the frequency range of heritability of bipolar disorder. Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 Bipolar disorders are 80% to greater than 90% heritable. Therefore, from the choices given 60% - 90% is the appropriate range. 1 points A Ambition . B Hallucinati . ons C Contented . ness D Irritability . NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers QUESTION 25 1. Select the two symptoms that result from prolonged sleep deprivation. 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 QUESTION 26 1. Select the most likely stressor to cause an adjustment disorder. A Medical . illness B Natural . disaster C Vehicle . accident D Substance NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 The following criteria are used to make a diagnosis of conversion disorder. The patient is suffering from: One or more illnesses that cause changes in voluntary motor or sensory function, affecting the five senses: vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell. There were no physical discoveries that may justify the illness. Reference O'Neal, M. A., & Baslet, G. (2018). Treatment for patients with a functional neurological disorder (conversion disorder): An integrated approach. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(4), 307-314. NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 A Cognitive- . behavioral B Sedating . antihistamines C Benzodiazepines . D Paradoxical . intention Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points QUESTION 29 1.Select the therapy for insomnia that can be effective at up to three years after discontinuation. QUESTION 30 1.Select the mental health model that is most associated with human interpersonalconnection. A Maturity 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 CBT have been found to be more effective even after discontinuation as it changes your way of thinking and behavior, while medicinal drugs can only aid to help sleep, you can become dependent on them and effects will wear off when you stop taking them. More on CBT on sleep disorders here: https://www.helpguide.org/articles/sleep/therapy-for-sleep- disorders.htm . B Resilienc . e C Spiritual . D Well- . Being Answer: NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 QUESTION 32 1.Select the two medical conditions in which derealization and depersonalization arecommon. A Anorexia . 1 points Bipolar disorder is diagnosed when a youngster goes through episodes of extreme moods, ranging from bursting with so much activity that he can't sleep or sit still to crushing depression that leaves him unhappy and withdrawn. Reference Biederman, J., Mick, E., Wozniak, J., Aleardi, M., Spencer, T., & Faraone, S. V. (2015). An open-label trial of risperidone in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 15(2), 311-317. B Migraine . C Parkinso . n’s D Seizures NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 . Answer: A . and D . Step-by-Step explanation Options A and D are the correct answers. In seizure and anorexia, derealization and depersonalization. Depersonalization and or derealization disorder is a form of dissociative illnesscharacterized by chronic or repeated experiences of being disconnected (dissociated) from one's body or mental processes, sometimes accompanied by a sense of being an outside observer of NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 one's life (depersonalization) or being disconnected from one's surroundings (derealization) is common. This type of disorder is often triggered by severe stress . In anorexia, a disorder characterized by abnormal low body weight and an intense fear of gaining weight with distorted perception about weight, often cause severe stress due to constant worries about food and weight leading to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem level. In seizure, both ictal (period from the first symptoms to the end of the seizure activity) or postictal (begins when a seizure subsides and ends when the patient returns to normal), areas of the brain responsible for emotions and responding to stress are greatly affected. Patients with ictal depersonalization-like symptoms have impaired self-identification with their bodies and usually have frontal lobe epilepsy with the epileptogenic zone in the dorsal premotor cortex, whereas patients with derealization-like symptoms have temporal lobe epilepsy with the epileptogenic zone in the temporal lobe. ***Both options B and C are incorrect because there is no substantial evidence that derealization and depersonalization are common in migraine and Parkinson's disease. Reference: 1. Spiegel, D. (2021, March) Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder - Psychiatric Disorders. MSD Manual Professional Edition. Retrieved on May 27, 2021, from https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/dissociative- disorders/depersonalization-derealization- disorder#:~:text=Depersonalization %2Fderealization%20disorder%20is%20a,of%20being% 20detached%20from%20one's 2.Heydrich, L., Marillier, G., Evans, N., Seeck, M., & Blanke, O. (2019, August 22) Depersonalization- and derealization-like phenomena of epileptic origin. NCBI. Retrieved on May 27, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6764488/ NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 date?", "Who do I want to be in the future?"--these are just some of the questions that plague the minds of adolescents. A Specific target symptoms . B Patient insistence on a . benzodiazepine C History of substance abuse . D Duration of therapy . Answer: C . and D . Step-by-Step explanation Guidelines for Responsible Prescription NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points QUESTION 34 1. Select the two most important factors that guide the decision to prescribe Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021  APA and NICE. The APA guideline for the treatment of panic disorder10 and the NICE guideline11 on the management of panic disorder and GAD recommend SSRIs and not BDZs as the best choice of medication, alongside CBT and self-help based on CBT principles. BDZs are associated with a less good outcome in the long term and should not be prescribed beyond 2 to 4 weeks in GAD and are not recommended for panic disorder. BDZs, Compared With non-BDZ Antianxiety Medication and CBT. Non- BDZ antianxiety medication and CBT often take weeks before there is any beneficial effect, thus the short-term prescription of high-potency BDZs may remain an option when patients express an urgent need for the reduction of high levels of anticipatory anxiety and the reduction in the severity of panic attacks. BDZs with slower onset and longer action may be safer than fast-acting agents.  Regular monitoring for signs of abuse or dependence as well as concurrent abuse of alcohol or other drugs.  Screening for sedative-hypnotic use through a nonthreatening personal and family history and possibly urine toxicology. Therefor, given these facts the answer is C and D ideas from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/070674371005501104 https://www.verywellmind.com/benzodiazepines-for-the-treatment-of-anxiety- 2584334 NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 1 points QUESTION 35 1. Select age after which encopresis may be correctly diagnosed. A 2 NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 A 1-2 . weeks NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points QUESTION 37 1.Select the minimum treatment time to assess the effectiveness of antidepressantdrug therapy. Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 B 3-4 . weeks C 6-8 . weeks D 10-14 . weeks Answer: C Step-by-Step explanation When it comes to antidepressant drug therapy, it usually takes 6-8 weeks before the effects of thedrugs are realized. This means that it will take an individual at least six weeks before they start experiencing the benefits of antidepressant drug therapy. For other individuals, it can take up to eight weeks before they can start seeing the benefits of antidepressants. Therefore, anything along the timelines of 6-8 weeks is ideal for a person to start realizing the effects of the drugs. QUESTION 38 1. Select the exposure to violence that is excluded as a DSM-5 diagnostic criterion forPTSD in children and adolescents. A Electronic media NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 . B Directly witnessed . C Report of family . member D Repeated natural . disaster Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation The answer is A. Electronic Media PTSD--post-traumatic stress disorder--is characterized by exposure to traumatic experiences, hence, the name. Among these experiences, included are: directly experiencing actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. PTSD can also be diagnosed if the person experienced the aforementioned events vicariously, either by witnessing it in person or by learning that a loved one went through such experiences. Lastly, repeated exposure to aversive details of the traumatic events can also be considered as a qualifier for a PTSD diagnosis. Among the choices, only option A. Electronic Media is not included in the DSM-V criteria. It is also specifically mentioned in the DSM-V that: "Criterion A4 does not apply to exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures, unless this exposure is work related." NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points QUESTION 40 1.Select the life stage at which emotional and social behavior begin. A Toddler . Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 B Infancy . C Middle . years D Preschool . Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation The social-emotional development begins with parental bonding to the child. This bonding allows the mother to respond to the child's needs timely and soothe their newborn. The consistent availability of the caregiver results in the development of "basic trust" and confidence in the infant for the caregiver during the first year of life. The infant to seek for parents or the caregiver during times of stress, known as the attachment. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534819/ QUESTION 41 1. Select two events that are excluded as causes of dissociative trance disorder. A Natural disaster NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 . B Substance abuse . C Experienced . violence NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 D Appropriate drug . therapy Answer: B . and D . Step-by-Step explanation The answer would be B) substance abuse and D) appropriate drug therapy this is because dissociative trance disorder is caused by children being subjected to emotional abuse or frightening home environments and can be even caused by stress of war or natural disasters. . B Psychoanal . ytic C Cognitive . D Behavior NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers A Family 1.Select the nondrug therapy with the greatest evidence of effectiveness in treating major depressive disorder. 1 points QUESTION 42 Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 Erik Erikson developed the 8 stages of Psychosocial Development 1 points QUESTION 44 1. Select the two common characteristics of illness anxiety disorder. A Avoidance of provider . evaluation B Few or lack of somatic . symptoms C Frequent provider visits . D Presence of a fixed . delusion Answer: B . and C . Step-by-Step explanation NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 Illness anxiety disorder (formerly known by its derogatory meaning as hypochondriasis) more commonly starts early in adulthoods and seems to happen similarly in males and females. The worries of a patient might result through misconstruing the physical effects or typical body functioning . It is characterized by an excessive worry of a catastrophic physical issue while having little or no signs. Individuals with IAD see many doctors for signs that they feel are associated with a health concern or that clinical signs are much more significant than what they are. Although there is no medical problem, the worries people experiencing IAD are very significant and the worry they feel can create major disturbances in routine day- to-day operations.Following medical examination and lab testing, a disease anxiety disorder is often identified with normal results, however the person stays concerned and worried over underlying medical conditions. IAD treatment is made on the indications, medical records, test findings and symptoms associated of mental health, such as serious anxiety. The reality that persons with this illness are not comforted by regular tests or lab tests may confound diagnosis and thus ignore their physician's conclusions and look for a different provider. One person must look like the following in order to be diagnosed with illness anxiety disorder: Excessive concern for a critical or existence disease Lack or minor somatic signs, Severe health concerns and anxieties and Frequent illness checks and even illness signs. Individuals with illness anxiety disorder are just so worried that they really are or may become ill that worry affects the functionality of today 's society or causes severe discomfort. Individuals may have physical ailments, or may not, however, if they do, they are more concerned with the probable symptoms than with the symptoms. Several individuals constantly examine themselves . New physical feelings are quicklyfrightened. Some people often see doctors (kind of treatment); others seldom seek medical care. A person monitors the health status constantly or skips visits to the doctor and institutions maladaptively. No or mild somatic symptoms are present in the patient. 1 points QUESTION 45 1. Select the serum assessment that is required when prescribing drugs to treat psychiatric disorders in psychosomatic patients. NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 A Potassium . NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 D Albumin . Answer : C . NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 Step-by-Step explanation Magnesium This is because deficiency of magnesium causes restless leg syndrome. QUESTION 48 1. Select the scientist who is most associated with the development of learning theory. A Piaget . B Ainswor . th C Bowlby . D Pavlov . Answer: A . NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points QUESTION 49 1. Select the event most associated with the occurrence of dissociative fugue. Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 Step-by-Step explanation From the set of choices given, the scientist who is most associated with the development of learning theory is option (a) which is Piaget. Jean Piaget is mostly associated with the theory of learning due to his development of theory of cognitive development in children. His theory focuses on studying two key aspects that promote learning. These aspects are; how little children acquire knowledge and comprehending the nature of intelligence in children. Piaget presents his theory of cognitive development in four stages which are the sensorimotor, the preoperational, the concrete operational stage and the formal operational stage. A Head trauma . B Substance . abuse C Partner . betrayal D Unplanned . travel Answer: NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 . ne D Clonidin . e Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Correct answer: B. Paroxetine Hello student, there is not option B so I answered E, but the correct answer is B. Paroxetine. Along with Paroxetine, Sertraline are the only drugs that are approved to treat PTSD. 1 points QUESTION 51 1. Select the percentage that most accurately represents the rate of heritability ofmajor depression. A 1 . 5 B 3 . 0 C 4 NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 . 5 D 6 . 0 Answer: C Step-by-Step explanation NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 According to research that was done and published by Stanford University, the rate of heritability of major depression is between 40%-50%(F. Levinson and E. Nichols, n.d.). The research even goes on to say that the percentages could be higher in that genetics could play a part in 50% of the cases, whereas other factors could play a part in the rest of the cases(F. Levinson and E. Nichols, n.d.). Therefore, based on the percentages that have been expressed above, I believe that 45% falls between the ranges that have been given in the study, which means that choice C is most likely the correct answer. Reference F. Levinson, D. and E. Nichols, W., n.d. Major Depression and Genetics. [online] Genetics of Brain Function. Available at: <https://med.stanford.edu/depressiongenetics/mddandgenes.html> [Accessed 26 May 2021]. 1 points QUESTION 52 1. Select two neurotransmitters associated with anxiety. A Dopami . ne B Glutam . ate NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points QUESTION 54 1.Select the most likely stressor to cause an adjustment disorder. Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 A Natural . disaster B Emergency . surgery C Vehicle . accident D Substance . abuse Answer: C Step-by-Step explanation Answer: C) Vehicle accident A vehicle accident is a major stressful event that can be considered a cause of adjustment disorder. The particular reason for this is because vehicle accident results into significant life changes. A vehicle accident experience can lead to trauma, mental and physical symptoms that influence adjustment disorder that can last up to six months. Suppose an individual who was in a perfect condition is involved in a vehicle accident and maybe suffers from paralysis or loss of a body part. In NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 that case, it leads to low self- esteem, withdrawal attitude, suicidal thoughts, feeling of sadness, hopelessness and lack of concentration. Vehicle accidents are also associated with psychological disturbance. Vehicle accidents can also lead to behavioral changes, such as an individual may be afraid to drive again B Alzheimer’s . disease C Major . depression D Schizophrenia . Answer: C Step-by-Step explanation The correct answer is choice (C) Major depression. NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1. Select the mental health disorder that commonly coexists with generalized anxietydisorder. A Bipolar I 1 points QUESTION 55 . Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 . 70 Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Obesity is associated with an approximately 25% increase in odds of mood and anxiety disorders and an approximately 25% decrease in odds of substance use disorders. Variation across demographic groups suggests that social or cultural factors may moderate or mediate the association between obesity and mood disorder. Reference https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1913935/ QUESTION 57 1. Select the obsessive-compulsive disorder for which a patient is likely to initially seekhelp from a non-psychiatric provider. A Hoarding . B Excoriation NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 . C Hair-pulling . D Body . dysmorphia Answer: NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 A . Step-by-Step explanation Hoarding is not a psychiatry disorder while hairpulling, excoriation, and body dysmorphia are mental ailments linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Hairpulling and excoriation can lead to harming of the physical body as well as low self-esteem. Body dysmorphia can cause suicidal thoughts because of embarrassment, shame, and poor self-image. These serious consequences can only be solved by a psychiatrist if left untreated. Research has shown that hoarding is unrelated to OCD and can be an indication of a different condition deprivation of items during childhood. Hoarders can get help or support from family members or counselors, not necessarily a psychiatrist. 1 points QUESTION 58 1. Select two types of theories that have contributed to causes of anxiety. A Psychoanalytic . theory B Behavioral . theory C Family NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation Explanation The correct choice is A. Childhood.  The adjustment disorder always affect people of all ages but is most common in children. It is especially common with the children that are struggling with divorce. This might include the changes in situation of living or one parent being absent.  Adjustment disorders affect people of all ages, but they are especially prevalent in childrenand teenagers. They affect both boys and females equally. They occur throughout all cultures. However, depending on cultural influences, the stressors and signs may differ. Reference Casey, Patricia. "Adjustment disorder." CNS drugs 23.11 (2009): 927-938. Carta, Mauro Giovanni, et al. "Adjustment Disorder: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment." Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health 5.1 (2009): 1-15. QUESTION 60 1. Select the drug used to treat bipolar disorder that may cause hypothyroidism. A Lithium NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 . B Risperido . ne C Lamotrigi . ne D Valproate . Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation Lithium is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element. A Depressi . on B Adjustm NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points QUESTION 61 1.Select the psychiatric disorder that occurs most commonly in patients hospitalized formedical problems and surgery. Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 . ent C Bipolar . D Anxiety . NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 C Social . D Traumati . c Answer: NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers QUESTION 64 1.Select the neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosed in childhood. A Bipolar I Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 A . Step-by-Step explanation They become fussy when not around their caretaker but gradually goes away throughout early childhood. 1 points . B Major . depression C Intellect . D Agoraphobia . Answer: C . NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 1 points QUESTION 65 1.Select the maximum time period recommended for treatment of insomnia withhypnotic drugs. A 1 week Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 Step-by-Step explanation Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by less than average intelligence and suffering or struggling mental ability. Children who significantly lack in skills, memory, motor skills, and whatnot (relative to their age and period of development) are symptomatic of ID, which makes children with this neurodevelopment disorder fairly easily recognized in most cases. More mood- related disorders such as depression and bipolar are more often detected in adolescence or adulthood, not childhood. . B 2 . weeks C 1 . month 6 month . s NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers D