NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 2023 A+, Exams of Nursing

Download NURS 6635 MIDTERM PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers 2023 A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam QUESTION 1 1. Select the neurotransmitter involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 NURS6635MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdatedEx am ElaborationsQuestion swithAnswers A Norepinephrine B GABA . C Dopamine . D Acetylcholine Answer: Dopamine Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to defects in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuitry, which may be linked to neurotransmitter dysregulation throughout this network. 1 points QUESTION 2 1.Select the class of drugs most effective in treating pain disorder. NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 Serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main neurotransmitters throughout the CSTC. Compulsive behaviors linked to OCD are likely the product of a related dopaminergic reward system dysfunction. Continuous ventral striatum activation may lead to an undirected expectation of reward. Anxiety and a desire to fill the gap are caused by unfulfilled expectations. Step-by-Step explanation References Richter, M. A., De Jesus, D. R., Hoppenbrouwers, S., Daigle, M., Deluce, J., Ravindran, L. N., ... & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2019). Evidence for cortical inhibitory and excitatory dysfunction in obsessive compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(5), 1144-1151. Pittenger, C., Krystal, J. H., & Coric, V. (2016). Glutamate-modulating drugs as novel pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. NeuroRx, 3(1), 69- 81. NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam 1 points QUESTION 3 1. Select the most commonly occurring eating disorder. Answer : A Anorexia . nervosa B Bulimia . nervosa C Purging . D Binge . QUESTION 4 1. Select the disorder in which inflicting injury to self or others is common. purposely getting sick or by self-injury. 1 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam A. Anorexia Nervosa Step-by-Step explanation Anorexia nervosa is one eating disorder that most people have heard of. People with anorexia often starve themselves in order to achieve an unattainable ideal of thinness. This condition, like many eating disorders, tends to affect more women than men. 1 points A Pain . B Conversion . C Somatic . symptom D Factitious . Factitious disorder is a serious mental disorder in which someone deceives others by appearing sick, by QUESTION 5 1. Select two imaging methods used to study anxiety disorders. A CT 1 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam . B TM . S MRI . D EKG . QUESTION 6 1. Select the two factors that do not cause dissociative amnesia. A Sexual . abuse B Substance . abuse C Surgical pain . D Partner . betrayal Answer: A . C 1 points QUESTION 9 1.Select the greatest impediment to treating anorexia nervosa patients. NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam . s B Temporal . lobe C Amygdala . D Corpus . callosum A Drug adverse effects . B Variability of family . therapy C Patient resistance . D Noncompliance with . therapy Answer; C) Patient resistance 1 points NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Step- by-Step explana tion A n o r e x i a n e r v o s a ( A N ) i s a c h r o n ic illness in which sufferers experience a slew of negative consequences in a variety of areas of their lives as a result of their low weight and restrictive food intake. Given these negative consequences, which are visible in physical, emotional, and social dimensions, it can be tempting to dismiss the condition entirely. As a result, AN sufferers' inability to pursue, continue, or participate in care may also be perplexing from an outsider's perspective. This ego-syntonic perspective is most prevalent in anorexia nervosa. When an eating disorder is experienced as ego-syntonic, there is little to no desire to alter the habits, resulting in high levels of medication resistance that worsens over time. The egosyntonic aspect of the disease, in which individuals with anorexia nervosa esteem their condition, is a major issue for clinicians treating the illness. This hinders encouragement for rehabilitation and involvement with care. The aim of this review article is to explain the essence of egosyntonicity in anorexia nervosa by examining both qualitative and quantitative studies on the topic, and, more importantly, to present strategies for overcoming this impediment to recovery in anorexia nervosa care. Therefore, we can conclude that, the greatest impediment to treating anorexia nervosa patients is option C, Patient resistance. References The Egosyntonic nature of anorexia: An impediment to recovery in anorexia nervosa treatment. (2019, January 14). PubMed Central (PMC). Retrieved April 6, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743910/ Patient resistance in eating disorders. (2014, September 24). Psychiatric Times. Retrieved April 6, 2021, from https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/patient-resistance-eating- disorders Perplexities of treatment resistence in eating disorders. (2013, November 7). BMC Psychiatry. Retrieved April 6, 2021, from https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471- 244X- 13-292 QUESTION 10 1.Select the most common sleep r NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam A P a. r a s. o Answer: m C Insomnia D Apnea n c. Insomnia i Step-by-Step explanation . a Insomnia refers to the inability to stay asleep and fall asleep. It the most common sleeping disease. Markedly, narcolepsy triggers extreme sleepiness during the daytime, B while hypersomnia involves the inability to remain awake in the day. The others are H severe but less common than insomnia. For instance, apnea affects frequent breathing y when one is sleeping. Parasomnia leads to unusual behavior when sleeping that can p happen at any stage and time of sleep. It may include the transition from sleeping to e wakefulness, talking, moving around, and doing abnormal things while asleep. Reference; s Morin, C. M., Drake, C. L., Harvey, A. G., Krystal, A. D., Manber, R., o Riemann, D., & Spiegelhalder, K. (2015). Insomnia disorder. Nature Reviews m Disease Primers, 1(1), 1-18. . n i a QUESTION 11 1. Select the percentage of untreated PTSD patients who recover after one year. A 10 . % B 20 . % C 30 1 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam o rQUESTION 13 r1.Select two causes of dissociative amnesia. 1 QUESTIO . N 12 1. . Select the factor that is requir ed to cause PTSD . from a stress or. A I n t e n s e h B Isolated experience C Concurrent substance . abuse D Survivor’s guilt Answer is A, Intense horror. Step-by-Step explanation Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that develops in some people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event. Horror films are designed to elicit certain emotions such as tension, fear, stress, and shock. These can cause the release of the hormones in the body such as norepinephrine, cortisol, and adrenaline from the autonomic nervous system hence causing PTSD. Guyton, et al. 2012 o A Sexual r . abuse B Substance . abuse C Surgical pain e b Answer : A . 1 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam . explanationA and D D P Sexual abuse and Partner betrayal are the two causes of dissociate amnesia. a r Usually, overwhelming stress has been attributed to dissociative amnesia, which can be brought t on by traumatic events such as injuries, war, violence, or natural disasters. The person may n have been directly affected by the trauma or may have just witnessed it. There appears to e be a hereditary link in dissociative amnesia, as close relatives often acquire the condition. r In this case, sexual abuse and partner betrayal and directly related to emotional abuse. In multivariate hierarchical tests, emotional violence, like the sexual abuse, was the strongest . and most direct indicator of dissociation, confounding the influence of other trauma forms. b the degree to which one is abused by a caregiver or close relationship may have an impact on the essence of trauma and how one responds to it. According to BTT, this ise closely related to psychogenic amnesia or other dissociative processes that arise as a tr way of maintaining a connection with the caregiver and promoting survival. a y References a https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9789- l dissociative-amnesia https://www.webmd.com/mental- S t QUESTION 14 p 1. Select the population in which rumination disorder occurs most frequently. - A Male infants aged 3 to 12 y . months - S B Female infants 6 to 18 t e . months p NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam C D Adolescents aged 13 to 15 C h. years il d r e n a g e d 2 t o 5 y e a r s . Answer : A . 1 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 D Intellectual . disability Answer: C . and D . Step-by-Step explanation Answer: C and D - Autism and Intellectual disability According to the DSM-5, disorders most commonly comorbid with pica are disorders with impaired in functioning such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability, and to a lesser extent, schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Some other lesser known comorbidities are: • Trichotillomania/hair-pulling disorder • Excoriation/skin-picking disorder • avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder source: • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Feeding and Easting disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05 • https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/learn/by-eating-disorder/other/pica QUESTION 17 1. Select the third most commonly reported psychiatric symptom. 1 points QUESTION 18 1.Select the characteristic in long sleepers (more than 9 hours) that is absent in shortsleepers (less than 6 hours). NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 A Depression . B Anxiety . C Psychosis . D Depersonaliza . tion Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanation Psychosis is a condition that affects the way your brain processes information. It causes you to lose touch with reality. You might see, hear, or believe things that aren't real. Common psychotic experiences include hallucinations (hearing, seeing or feeling things that are not there) and delusions (fixed false beliefs or suspicions that are firmly held even when there is evidence to the contrary). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders A Mildly . depressed NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam B Ambitious . C Socially . adept D Efficient . 1 QUESTION 19 1. Select the two most common peripheral symptoms of anxiety. A Bradycar . dia B Dizziness . C Constipati . on D Tremors . Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanation 1 Reference NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Answer: D . Step-by-Step explanation Franz Gabriel Alexander (January 22, 1891 - March 8, 1964) was a Hungarian-American psychotherapist and physician who is credited with founding psychosomatic medicine and psychoanalytic criminology. Lacan, J. (1950). A theoretical introduction to the functions of psychoanalysis in criminology. Écrits: The first complete edition in English, 103-122. QUESTION 22 1. Select the disorder in children and adolescents that is described by depressed orirritable mood for most of the day for a majority of days in at least one year. A Major . depression B Cyclothymia . C Bereavement . D Persistent . depression 1.Select the type of dissociative amnesia described by inability to recall any events in aparticular lifespan period. A Selective . NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Answer: D . Step-by-Step explanation Persistent depression disorder is an irritable mood that lasts for most of the day form more days than not for about one year. It leads to poor appetite or overeating. Insomnia or hypersomnia. It causes low energy or fatigue. It leads to low self- esteem, poor concentration and feelings of hopelessness. If one has persistent depression, he or she may find it hard to be upbeat even on happy occasions. They may have a gloomy personality, constantly complaining or incapable of having fun. It is usually not as severe as major depression, the depressed mood may be mild, moderate or severe. 1 points QUESTION 23 B Localized . C Generaliz . ed D Continuo . us NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanation The correct answer would be letter C. Generalized Because in this type of dissociative amnesia, a person has inability to recall encompasses the person's entire life. This type of amnesia is rare and is characterized by total loss of memories related to one's past and identity. A person may not remember anything about life before a certainpoint, including where they have been, what they have done or said, or who they were with. A person may even may loss information about the world, history, or previously-held skills. Persons have a complete loss of memory of their entire life history like their own identity. Those who experience this type of amnesia deficits in both semantic and procedural knowledge. This means that people have no common knowledge of the world like cannot identify songs, the current president, or names of colors nor do they have the ability to engage in learned skills like typing shoes and driving car. The onset of generalized amnesia is typically acute. Reference: Leong S, Waits W, Diebold C (January 2006). "Dissociative Amnesia and DSM-IV-TR Cluster C Personality Traits". Psychiatry (Edgmont). 3 (1): 51-5. PMC 2990548. PMID 21103150 1 1 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam . abuse Answer: A. Medical Illness Adjustment disorders are usually caused by significant stressors i one's life and I believe amongstthe choices is an ongoing stress therefore has a higher chance to cause the adjustment disorder. QUESTION 27 1. Select the medical condition that must be excluded as a cause of somatic symptomdisorder or hypochondriasis. A Angina . pectoris B Asthma . C Diabetes . D Multiple . sclerosis NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam QUESTION 28 1. Select the function that is most affected by conversion disorder. A Voluntary . motor B Hearing . C Involuntary . motor D Smelling . Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation Conversion disorder is a mental disorder illness in which the brain and nerves of the body will be unable to properly send and receive information. The therapy focuses heavily on brain retraining. The following criteria are used to make a diagnosis of conversion disorder. The patient is suffering from: One or more illnesses that cause changes in voluntary motor or sensory function, affecting the five senses: vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell. There were no physical discoveries that may justify the illness. Reference O'Neal, M. A., & Baslet, G. (2018). Treatment for patients with a functional neurological disorder (conversion disorder): An integrated approach. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(4), 307-314. 1 points QUESTION 29 1.Select the therapy for insomnia that can be effective at up to three years after discontinuation. NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam A Cognitive- . behavioral B Sedating . antihistamines C Benzodiazepines . D Paradoxical . intention Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation CBT have been found to be more effective even after discontinuation as it changes your way of thinking and behavior, while medicinal drugs can only aid to help sleep, you can become dependent on them and effects will wear off when you stop taking them. More on CBT on sleep disorders here: https://www.helpguide.org/articles/sleep/therapy-for-sleep- disorders.htm NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Reference Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University January 2021 Biederman, J., Mick, E., Wozniak, J., Aleardi, M., Spencer, T., & Faraone, S. V. (2015). An open-label trial of risperidone in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 15(2), 311-317. QUESTION 32 1. Select the two medical conditions in which derealization and depersonalization arecommon. A Anorexia . B Migraine . C Parkinso . n’s D Seizures . Answer: A . and D . Step-by-Step explanation Options A and D are the correct answers. In seizure and anorexia, derealization and depersonalization. Depersonalization and or derealization disorder is a form of dissociative illnesscharacterized by chronic or repeated experiences of being disconnected (dissociated) from one's body or mental processes, sometimes accompanied by a sense of being an outside observer of 1 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam one's life (depersonalization) or being disconnected from one's surroundings (derealization) is common. This type of disorder is often triggered by severe stress. In anorexia, a disorder characterized by abnormal low body weight and an intense fear of gaining weight with distorted perception about weight, often cause severe stress due to constant worries about food and weight leading to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem level. In seizure, both ictal (period from the first symptoms to the end of the seizure activity) or postictal (begins when a seizure subsides and ends when the patient returns to normal), areas of the brain responsible for emotions and responding to stress are greatly affected. Patients with ictal depersonalization-like symptoms have impaired self-identification with their bodies and usually have frontal lobe epilepsy with the epileptogenic zone in the dorsal premotor cortex, whereas patients with derealization-like symptoms have temporal lobe epilepsy with the epileptogenic zone in the temporal lobe. ***Both options B and C are incorrect because there is no substantial evidence that derealization and depersonalization are common in migraine and Parkinson's disease. Reference: 1. Spiegel, D. (2021, March) Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder - Psychiatric Disorders. MSD Manual Professional Edition. Retrieved on May 27, 2021, from https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/dissociative- disorders/depersonalization-derealization- disorder#:~:text=Depersonalization %2Fderealization%20disorder%20is%20a,of%20being% 20detached%20from%20one's 2.Heydrich, L., Marillier, G., Evans, N., Seeck, M., & Blanke, O. (2019, August 22) Depersonalization- and derealization-like phenomena of epileptic origin. NCBI. Retrieved on May 27, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6764488/ 1 points NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam A Childhood . B Adolescen . ce C Middle . adult D Elderly . adult Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation The answer is B. Adolescence. Adolescents are children who are transitioning to be adults. It is at this age that people have to commit to certain life-changing choices such as choosing a career path, dating potential lifetime partners, and sometimes, even moving out of their own homes. Thus, a lot of adolescents end up experiencing identity crisis, as they still do not have enough knowledge and experience to make big decisions on their own. "What career would suit me the best?", "What type of person should I QUESTION 33 1. Select the age stage of life in which identity crisis typically emerges. 1 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam . B 3 . C 4 . D 6 . Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation The correct answer is C not A. Diagnosis of encopresis is done when the child is at least 4 years and is experiencing repeated leakage or passing of faeces in inappropriate places. QUESTION 36 1. Select the mg/dL blood alcohol level range that is associated with causing impairedjudgment and coordination. A 20 to 40 . B 50 to . 100 Source: 1 points QUESTION 37 1.Select the minimum treatment time to assess the effectiveness of antidepressantdrug therapy. NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam C 100 to . 130 D 140 to . 190 Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation The blood alcohol range that the researches have found to be associated with causing impaired judgment and coordination is 50 to 100mg/dl. After that, i.e., from 100-130mg/dl, the condition becomes even more severe and the person also starts exhibiting symptoms of slurred speech, disorientation and loss of control over voluntary muscles. Therefore, the answer is B. 50 to 100 mg/dL Monico, N. (2020). Blood Alcohol Level & Effects on the Body. American Addiction Centres. A 1-2 . weeks NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam B 3-4 . weeks C 6-8 . weeks D 10-14 . weeks Answer: C Step-by-Step explanation When it comes to antidepressant drug therapy, it usually takes 6-8 weeks before the effects of thedrugs are realized. This means that it will take an individual at least six weeks before they start experiencing the benefits of antidepressant drug therapy. For other individuals, it can take up to eight weeks before they can start seeing the benefits of antidepressants. Therefore, anything along the timelines of 6-8 weeks is ideal for a person to start realizing the effects of the drugs. 1 QUESTION 38 1. Select the exposure to violence that is excluded as a DSM-5 diagnostic criterion forPTSD in children and adolescents. A Electronic media . B Directly witnessed . C Report of family 1 1.Select the life stage at which emotional and social behavior begin. A Toddler NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam QUESTION 40 . B Infancy . C Middle . years D Preschool . Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation The social-emotional development begins with parental bonding to the child. This bonding allows the mother to respond to the child's needs timely and soothe their newborn. The consistent availability of the caregiver results in the development of "basic trust" and confidence in the infant for the caregiver during the first year of life. The infant to seek for parents or the caregiver during times of stress, known as the attachment. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534819/ QUESTION 41 1. Select two events that are excluded as causes of dissociative trance disorder. A Natural disaster . B Substance abuse . C Experienced . violence 1 points the nondrug therapy with the greatest evidence of effectiveness in treating major depressive A Family NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam D Appropriate drug . therapy Answer: B . and D . Step-by-Step explanation The answer would be B) substance abuse and D) appropriate drug therapy this is because dissociative trance disorder is caused by children being subjected to emotional abuse or frightening home environments and can be even caused by stress of war or natural disasters. QUESTION 42 1.Select dis . B Psychoanal . ytic C Cognitive . D Behavior . Answer: C . NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Step-by-Step explanation Cognitive therapy is a treatment process that helps patients correct false self-beliefs that lead tocertain moods and behaviors. The fundamental principle behind cognitive therapy is that a thought precedes a mood, and that both are interrelated with a person's environment, physical reaction, and subsequent behavior. 1 points QUESTION 43 1. Select the theorist who developed the eight stages of psychosocial life cycle. A Bowlb . y B Perls . C Erikso . n D Roger . s Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanationC. Erik Erickson NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam B White blood . cells C Liver enzymes . D Blood urea . nitrogen Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation The serum assessment that is required when prescribing drugs to treat psychiatric disorders in psychomatic patients is potassium. 1 QUESTION 46 1. Select the alternate name for persistent depressive disorder. A Cyclothy . mia B Bipolar I . C Bipolar II . D Dysthymi 1 points QUESTION 47 1.Select the serum substance that should be measured to aid the diagnosis of restlessleg syndrome. NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam . a Answer: D . Step-by-Step explanation Dysthymia. A Potassiu . m B Ferritin . C Magnesi . um D Albumin . Answer : C . NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Step-by-Step explanation Magnesium This is because deficiency of magnesium causes restless leg syndrome. QUESTION 48 1. Select the scientist who is most associated with the development of learning theory. A Piaget . B Ainswor . th C Bowlby . D Pavlov . Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation From the set of choices given, the scientist who is most associated with the development of learning theory is option (a) which is Piaget. Jean Piaget is mostly associated with the theory of learning due to his development of theory of cognitive development in children. His theory focuses on studying two 1 QUESTION 51 1. Select the percentage that most accurately represents the rate of heritability ofmajor depression. NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Correct answer: B. Paroxetine Hello student, there is not option B so I answered E, but the correct answer is B. Paroxetine. Along with Paroxetine, Sertraline are the only drugs that are approved to treat PTSD. 1 points A 1 . 5 B 3 . 0 C 4 . 5 D 6 . 0 Answer: C NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Step-by-Step explanation NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam According to research that was done and published by Stanford University, the rate of heritability of major depression is between 40%-50%(F. Levinson and E. Nichols, n.d.). The research even goes on to say that the percentages could be higher in that genetics could play a part in 50% of the cases, whereas other factors could play a part in the rest of the cases(F. Levinson and E. Nichols, n.d.). Therefore, based on the percentages that have been expressed above, I believe that 45% falls between the ranges that have been given in the study, which means that choice C is most likely the correct answer. Reference F. Levinson, D. and E. Nichols, W., n.d. Major Depression and Genetics. [online] Genetics of Brain Function. Available at: <https://med.stanford.edu/depressiongenetics/mddandgenes.html> [Accessed 26 May 2021]. 1 points QUESTION 52 1. Select two neurotransmitters associated with anxiety. A Dopami . ne B Glutam . ate C Serotoni . n D GABA NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam A Natural . disaster B Emergency . surgery C Vehicle . accident D Substance . abuse Answer: C Step-by-Step explanation Answer: C) Vehicle accident A vehicle accident is a major stressful event that can be considered a cause of adjustment disorder. The particular reason for this is because vehicle accident results into significant life changes. A vehicle accident experience can lead to trauma, mental and physical symptoms that influence adjustment disorder that can last up to six months. Suppose an individual who was in a perfect condition is involved in a vehicle accident and maybe suffers from paralysis or loss of a body part. In that case, it leads to low self- esteem, withdrawal attitude, suicidal thoughts, feeling of sadness, hopelessness and lack of concentration. Vehicle accidents are also associated with psychological disturbance. Vehicle accidents can also lead to behavioral changes, such as an individual may be afraid to drive again 1. Select the mental health disorder that commonly coexists with generalized anxietydisorder. A Bipolar I 1 points QUESTION 55 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam . B Alzheimer’s . disease C Major . depression D Schizophrenia . Answer: C Step-by-Step explanation The correct answer is choice (C) Major depression. • Major depression is a condition with specific indications and symptoms that affects one's ability to work, sleep, eat and enjoy formerly enjoyable activities. • GAD is one of the most prevalent comorbid problems with other disorders, with rates of comorbidity equaling or exceeding those of other anxiety disorders. The most prevalent co- occurring disorders are depressive disorders, particularly MDD and various anxiety disorders, including panic disorder. 1 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam • GAD affects twice as many women as it does males and it usually manifests itself over the course of a few years in early to middle adulthood. If lef t untreated, intense concern might gradually impair one's ability to do daily tasks like driving a car or falling asleep. • Patients with a later beginning of GAD are more likely to indicate that their symptoms began as a result of a major stressful incident in their life. When a person is diagnosed with GAD, the illness usually lasts a long time. During times of stress, the intensity of symptoms may fluctuate and worsen. Reference Zimmerman, M., & Chelminski, I. (2003). Generalized anxiety disorder in patients with major depression: is DSM-IV's hierarchy correct?. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(3), 504-512. QUESTION 56 1. Select the percentage range of correlation between obesity and psychiatric disorders. A 10 to . 20 B 20 to . 30 C 40 to . 60 D 50 to . 70 1 points QUESTION 59 1.Select the age group in which adjustment disorders occur most frequently. NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Answer: A . and B . Step-by-Step explanation A. Psychoanalytic Theory B. Behavioral Theory A and B are two theories that have contributed to causes of anxiety. A Childhood . B Middle . adult C Young . adult D Adolescen . t NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation Explanation The correct choice is A. Childhood. • The adjustment disorder always affect people of all ages but is most common in children. It is especially common with the children that are struggling with divorce. This might include the changes in situation of living or one parent being absent. • Adjustment disorders affect people of all ages, but they are especially prevalent in childrenand teenagers. They affect both boys and females equally. They occur throughout all cultures. However, depending on cultural influences, the stressors and signs may differ. Reference Casey, Patricia. "Adjustment disorder." CNS drugs 23.11 (2009): 927-938. Carta, Mauro Giovanni, et al. "Adjustment Disorder: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment." Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health 5.1 (2009): 1-15. 1 QUESTION 60 1. Select the drug used to treat bipolar disorder that may cause hypothyroidism. A Lithium . B Risperido . ne C Lamotrigi 1 points QUESTION 61 1.Select the psychiatric disorder that occurs most commonly in patients hospitalized formedical problems and surgery. NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam . ne D Valproate . Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation Lithium is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element. A Depressi . on B Adjustm . ent C Bipolar . D Anxiety . NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Answer: 1.Select the neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosed in childhood. A Bipolar I NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam A . Step-by-Step explanation They become fussy when not around their caretaker but gradually goes away throughout early childhood. 1 points QUESTION 64 . B Major . depression C Intellect . D Agoraphobia . Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanation Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by less than average intelligence and suffering or struggling mental ability. Children who significantly lack in skills, memory, motor skills, and whatnot (relative to their age and period of development) are symptomatic of ID, which makes ON 65 1.Select the maximum time period recommended for treatment of insomnia withhypnotic drugs. A 1 week NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam children with this neurodevelopment disorder fairly easily recognized in most cases. More mood- related disorders such as depression and bipolar are more often detected in adolescence or adulthood, not childhood. 1 points QUESTI . B 2 . weeks C 1 . month 6 D month . s Answer: D . Step-by-Step explanation the hypnotics drugs are generally must be prescribed for a short period of time only, this is because the hypnotic drugs are federally controlled substances and the are also addictive. therefore the maximum time of the prescription is 6 months, so the answer is choice D NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam The serotonin has been kinked to cause depressive emotions that have been stored n the childhood years up to the adolescent age. The serotonin transporter gene is a key regulator of serotonergic neurotransmission of emotions that have been adamantly stored in the body and therefore it activates them during the adolescent years (Rolls, 2017). Serotonin being the one thatis involved in regulating the moods and the anxiety levels of a person make it possible to store emotions and control the way the person is feeling therefore causing depression if one had bad occurrences during childhood, then it reflects in them on the adolescent years. Reference Rolls, E. T. (2017). The roles of the orbitofrontal cortex via the habenula in non-reward and depression, and in the responses of serotonin and dopamine neurons. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 75, 331-334. 1 QUESTION 67 1. Select the antidepressant drug that is most likely to cause death when taken in anoverdose. A Fluoxetin . e B Mirtazapi . ne C Imiprami . ne D Trazodon . e 1 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation Due to the issue with selection let me write the answer ; It would be C) Impramine , which is Known to cause cardiac arrest if overdosed. QUESTION 68 1. Select the antidepressant drug most likely to cause sexual dysfunction. A Sertraline . B Amitriptyli . ne C Duloxetine . D Clomiprami . ne Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation QUESTION 69 1.Select the hormone or neurotransmitter that is involved in regulating the 24-hour circadian sleep-wake cycle. 1 points NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam The following antidepressants are the most likely to have sexual adverse effects: Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, nortriptyline (Pamelor), and clomipramine are examples of tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressant. SSRIs, which also include citalopram, escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline (Zoloft). SNRIs, that include venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), and duloxetine, are serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake antagonists. Reference Higgins, A., Nash, M., & Lynch, A. M. (2010). Antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction: impact, effects, and treatment. Drug, healthcare and patient safety, 2, 141. condition will not be adequately treated at the low end of the therapeutic Others NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam A 0.1- . 0.5 B 0.6- . 1.2 C 1.4- . 1.9 D 2.0- . 2.6 Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Answer B. 0.6 - 1.2 • The therapeutic range for lithium has been established at 0.6 - 1.2 mmol/L. Within this range, most people will respond to the drug without symptoms of toxicity. • for you. • In general, when lithium results are in the therapeutic range and both your and your healthcare practitioner are satisfied that your bipolar disorder is being appropriately managed, then the dosage of lithium is adequate, particularly if you are not experiencing significant side effects. with your healthcare practitioner to find the dose that works close thResponse and side effects vary among individuals. For some people with bipolar experience excessive side effects at the upp r end of the t rapeutic You should work taking your medication without consulting with your NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam 1 • If the blood level is below the therapeutic range, it is likely that you are not receiving adequate medication. If levels are above the therapeutic range and if there are significant side effects present at the current dose, then it is likely that the dose is too high. In these cases, your healthcare practitioner may adjust the lithium dose. However, you should not decrease or stop as it can worsen your evaluated on a case-by-case basis. https://labtestsonline.org/tests/lithium practitioner adjustments must be QUESTION 72 1. Select the rating scale used to assess children and adolescents for ADHD. A Connors . B CBCL . C Achenba . bipolar symptoms. Dose determinations 1.Select the primary cause of reactive attachment disorder in children. A Death of mother NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam ch D DISC . Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Answer: (B). CBCL The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). It is a checklist that parents complete to detect emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents ages 6 to 18. It is often used as a diagnosticevaluator, but autism spectrum disorders. It was designed by psychologist Thomas M. Achenbach in 1966. In conducting studies of common behaviors and problems in children and adolescents, he used his findings to create a questionnaire that describes and detects those behaviors. These behaviors are meant to be easily identifiable by parents, caregivers, teachers, and others. 1 points QUESTION 73 . B Bullying by peers 1 points NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam . D Hypomania . Answer: B . and C . Step-by-Step explanation Wei, G., Gao, H., Wang, J., & Huang, Y. (2018). Research on risk evaluation of enterprise humancapital investment with interval-valued bipolar 2-tuple linguistic information. Ieee Access, 6, 35697-35712. QUESTION 76 1.Select the largest percentage prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients hospitalized for medical cond A 1 . 0 B 3 . 3 C 5 . 0 QUESTION 77 1. Select the rating scale used to assess response to antidepressant drug therapy. NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam D 6 . 7 Answer: B Step-by-Step explanation Reference. Rafiei, H., Hoseinabadi-Farahani, M. J., Aghaei, S., Hosseinzadeh, K., Naseh, L., & Heidari, M. (2017). The prevalence of psychological problems among ostomy patients: A cross-sectional study from Iran. Gastrointestinal Nursing, 15(2), 39-44. 1 points A BDI . B MMSE . C BPRS . D HAM- QUESTION 78 1. Select the treatment of choice for identity crisis. NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam . D Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanation The answer is letter D. HAM-D Note: There seems to be an error in the system because we can't see or select option D. It only shows the option of letter A - C, so I just explain my answer below. D. HAM-D Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) is commonly and typically used to assess severityof symptoms of depression and in addition to that most researchers used this assessment tool to discriminate or distinguish between placebo and active drugs and its relationship to patients diagnosed with major depression disorder. It also involve in assessing or quantify symptoms of depression while the patients are undergoing antidepressant drug therapy to determine if the patients' depression symptoms improve or worsen by taking antidepressants. For further readings you may refer to this link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181766/ 1 points 1 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam . D Tachypnea . Answer: B Step-by-Step explanation The answer is C) Dreaming. Note: I have chosen option B because option C was not given. QUESTION 80 1. Select the DSM-5 disorder formerly called multiple personality disorder. A Depersonalizati . on B Dissociative . fugue C Dissociative . identity D Derealization . Answer: NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam C . Step-by-Step explanation Choice C is the correct option. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), Dissociative Identity Disorder is formerly termed as multiple personality disorder and is characterized as a disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states or an experience of possession. The condition is primarily observed and demonstrated with marked discontinuity in sense of self and or agency, accompanied by changesin affect, behavior, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and or sensory-motor functioning. Reference: Gabbard, G. O. (2007). Chapter 24.Dissociative Identity Disorder. Gabbard's treatments of psychiatric disorders. American Psychiatric Pub. 1 QUESTION 81 1. Select the two primary psychometric properties of psychiatric rating scales. A Reproducibil . ity B Reliability . C Validity . D Variability . Answer: B . and C . QUE STION 82 1. Select the percent of OCD patients who also have depressive symptoms. 1 points NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Step-by-Step explanation Reliability and validity are considered the main measurement properties. Reliability is the ability to reproduce a result consistently in time and space. Validity refers to the property of an instrument to measure exactly what it proposes. A 5 . 0 B 3 . 0 C 1 . 5 D 5 . Answer : B . Step-by-Step explanation NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam Insisting weight loss has a medicalcause Secrecy regarding eating rituals 1 points QUESTION 85 1. Select the two types of symptom patterns common to OCD patients. Answer : D . A Recurrent . nightmares B Flight of ideas . C Intrusive . thoughts D Contamination . Step-by-Step explanation Hello dear student. The answers are C and D but I can only check one answer above (no C Reference QUESTION 86 1. dementias. Select the rating scale used to screen for Alzheimer’s disease and other NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam 1 points A BPRS . B YBOC . S C NPI . D BDI . Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation The BPRS or the Brief Psychiatric Rating scale is actually for the domains of Schizophrenia but isalso used in persons with Alzheimers. This rating scale is composed of 24 symptoms that are to be assessed with a covering range of affective, psychotic and also behavioral disturbances. It is typically done in about 10 minutes. Also, it can be used to be able to assess the different phenomenological changes that are occurring in the psychopathology as the disease progresses just like dementia. Kaplan & Sadocks: Synopsis of Psychiatry 1 NURS6 35MIDTERM PMHNPNewlyUpdated Exam retrieved from: https://bjgp.org/content/65/637/416#:~:text=Brief%20Psychiatric%20Rating %20Scale&text=The% 20BPRS%20assesses%2024%20symptoms,psychopathology%20as%20the %20disease%20pro gresses. retrieved from: https://academic.oup.com/geronj/article- pdf/39/2/194/1509043/39-2-194.pdf QUESTION 87 1. Select the most effective treatment for social anxiety disorder in children. A Bupropion and SNRI antidepressants . B Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and SSRI . antidepressants C Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and . amitriptyline D Coaching approach behavior and leading by . modeling Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation According to research and studies the most effective treatment for social anxiety disorder in children are cognitive behavioral theraphy CBT and SSRI antidepressants.