Pediatric Emergencies: Identifying and Managing Various Conditions, Exams of Nursing

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NURS MISC ENPC exam questions and

answers Latest Update 2024 Grade A+

1. Which of the following would be an abnormal finding in a patient with glomerulonephritis? Clear urine There is a decrease in urine output for patient's with glomerulonephritis. Urine would be concentrated and dark brown/tea-colored. Decreased energy Hypertension Nausea, vomiting
2. A 3 - year-old is brought to the emergency department with a 2 - day history of a runny nose, low- grade fever, and a "barky" cough at night. The caregiver tells the emergency department nurse the coughing is getting worse. The child is awake and alert, with stridor. The nurse

should anticipate which of the following? Administration of nebulized epinephrine Moderate to severe croup is treated with dexamethasone and nebulized epinephrine. Delivery of humidified oxygen Bag-valve-mask ventilations Suctioning secretions from the oropharynx

3. The neurosurgeon has decided to perform an invasive procedure in the emergency department to monitor the intracranial pressure on a 5-year- old patient. The family does not speak English and has identified their religion as Muslim. Which of the following interventions is most supportive of the family? Allow the extended to family members to serve as interpreters during the procedure.

Dedicate a healthcare team member to be with the family during the procedure. Allowing caregivers to remain with the pediatric patient is more supportive in this situation. Allow family members to serve as interpreters during the procedure Provide access to nondenominational clergy in a quiet area

4. Which of the following patient presentations should increase suspicion of potential child maltreatment? Right radial spiral fracture in a 10 - year-old practicing martial arts Bruising to the left ear of a newborn from sleeping on his side Any bruise in a non- exploratory location in children younger than 4 years and any bruising in a child younger than 4 months (TEN-

4. are cause for suspicion of abuse.

Closed greenstick wrist fracture in a 4 year old who fell off his bicycle Bruises in various stages of healing to the lower extremities of a 2 - year-old

5. A 14 - year-old high school student who was pitching for his baseball team was hit in the chest by the ball and had a sudden cardiac arrest. Of the following, which is the most likely cause of the cardiac arrest? Aortic Dissection Commotio cordis Commotio cordis occurs when the chest is struck during the refractory period of the cardiac conduction cycle, resulting in a ventricular dysrhythmia or asystole. This type of injury usually occurs in recreational sports such as baseball or ice hockey. Pericardial Tamponade

Blunt Aortic Injury

6. A 12 - year-old who was recently started on anti-psychotic medication for schizophrenia is brought to the emergency department with severe muscle rigidity and hyperthermia. These symptoms are most likely caused by which of the following? Ecstasy overdose Neuroleptic malignant syndrome These are classic symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, which is a rare reaction to antipsychotic medications. Serotonin syndrome Nicotine overdose
7. Which of the following patients should be evaluated first?

A 3 - year-old with a dislodged gastrostomy tube A 12 - year-old with left shoulder pain after a handlebar injury An 18 - month-old with bilious emesis Bilious emesis in an 18 - month-old is always considered an emergent symptom indicative of a life-threatening bowel obstruction. A 3 - month-old with periods of inconsolable crying

8. Which of the following tasks can the nurse do to decrease adverse medication events?

Obtain the patient's weight in kilograms This is the preferred measurement for medication calculations for pediatric and adult patients. Verifying the patient dose during shift report at nursing station Dual confirmation of a hard to read order Confirming patient's attending provider

9. Acute chest syndrome, stroke, and splenic sequestration are complications of which of the following diseases? Mononucleosis Hemophilia Sickle cell anemia These are all complications of sickle cell anemia.

Acute rheumatic fever

10. During the assessment of a 16-year-old male patient, the ED nurse identifies him as a potential sex trafficking victim. The trauma informed approach to care emphasizes certain principles in caring for these types of patients. Which of the following care principles has the highest priority? Empowerment, voice and choice

Physical and psychological safety Create an environment where patients feel safe, both physically and psychologically. Increase awareness of the patient’s interpersonal interactions with others to screen for risk of harm. Prioritize the patient being in a safe location. Peer support Trustworthiness and transparency

11. A 6-month-old is brought to the emergency department for a recurrent respiratory infection. When gathering a history from the caregiver, the emergency nurse learns that, in addition to the respiratory symptoms, the infant has had fatty stools. The emergency nurse should be concerned about which of the following disease processes? Cystic Fibrosis Pancreatic insufficiency leads to fat malabsorption, which results in the fatty stools seen with cystic fibrosis. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Pneumonitis Reactive Airway Disease

12. The emergency nurse is caring for a patient with significant facial trauma and a suspected globe rupture. Which of the following medication orders would the nurse question? Ondansetron Midzaolam Succinylcholine Succinylcholine may increase intraocular pressure and should be avoided. Vancomycin
13. A 7 - year-old arrives via ambulance. The patient's mother reports witnessing a seizure at home. The patient has no seizure history. Upon

examination, the patient is post-ictal with a heart rate of 142 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute, and blood pressure of 86/72 mm Hg. Significant burns are noted to the patient's back and lower extremities. The mother states the burns accidentally occurred 3 days ago, but she was afraid to bring patient in due to an ongoing child welfare investigation. Which of the following are the MOST appropriate immediate interventions? Administer lorazepam and a fluid bolus and place on seizure precautions Draw and send a metabolic panel, administer a fluid bolus, and obtain a point of care glucose Significant burns can cause electrolyte imbalances. Electrolyte imbalances may be the cause of the patient's seizure. Electrolyte imbalances need to be identified and treated. Administer intravenous analgesics, a fluid bolus, and obtain a point of care glucose Call police and child welfare authorities and have security detain parent

14. In which of the following primary survey components can assessment of

the fontanel provide the most useful information? Circulation and disability A sunken fontanel may indicate dehydration; a bulging fontanel can indicate increased intracranial pressure. Breathing and circulation Disability and exposure Circulation and exposure

15. A 5-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with severe dehydration due to viral gastroenteritis. He has signs of shock due to his hypovolemia. Which of the following physiologic responses to shock has the greatest impact on improving cardiac output in the pediatric patient? Decreasing preload Decreasing contractility

Increasing afterload Increasing heart rate In pediatric patients, tachycardia is the primary compensatory mechanism to increase cardiac output.

16. A toddler has a chemical eye injury. Which of the following is the priority intervention? Consult with ophthalmology within 24 hours Copious eye irrigation with an isotonic solution Normal saline or Ringer's lactate solution are both acceptable for irrigation. Irrigate until the pH of the eye returns to normal. The pH of Ringer's lactate is closer to that of human tears and may be more comfortable than normal saline. Elevate the head of the bed to 30 to 45 degrees. Administration of an ocular antibiotic

17. A 5 year-old with no health problems presents to the Emergency Department with a sudden onset of chest pain and shortness of breath. Parents state that the family was involved in a bad car crash one week ago. A thorough assessment and workup has not revealed any abnormalities. Which of the following steps is the best next step to take? Discharge to home with follow-up instructions to contact their primary care physician Ask about any new bed-wetting or sleep disturbances Pediatric patients with anxiety and PTSD may present with physical complaints. Assess for other behavioral symptoms to facilitate appropriate care and follow-up. Consult cardiology for appropriate follow-up Repeat a head-to-toe exam to identify any missed traumatic injuries
18. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention for a child experiencing a seizure?

Prepare to administer intranasal midazolam Midazolam has gained favor because of its ease of use and quick onset of action. Place the child in a prone position Prepare to administer rectal diazepam Place the child in a supine position

19. An ambulance arrives with a 16 - year-old male involved in a dirt bike crash who was intubated prior to arrival. Which of the following is the priority assessment or intervention? Reposition the endotracheal tube

Assess the endotracheal tube placement and patency If a patient arrives with an artificial airway (endotracheal tube or tracheostomy) in place, assess its placement, tube patency, and the oral airway (in that order) before moving to the next step of the primary survey. Insert an orogastric tube Assess the oropharynx

20. A three-year-old is rescued after being submerged in a residential pool for several minutes. On arrival at the Emergency Department he is responsive to painful stimuli, has shallow respirations with diminished breath sounds throughout, and has an occasional cough. What is the initial management priority? Initiation of abdominal thrusts for removal of fluid from the lungs Insertion of orogastric or nasogastric tube for removal of water and debris from stomach Removal of wet clothing to prevent hypothermia

Endotracheal intubation with positive pressure ventilation Airway control and positive pressure ventilation are the priority interventions for this patient.

21. A nurse providing crisis intervention to the family of a seriously ill child can best keep the family informed of the child's condition by doing which of the following? Referring to their child as "the patient". Appointing one staff member to communicate with them. This will help create a solid patient- staff bond and facilitate communication. Placing the family in a secluded room. Telling the family how they should feel.

22. You are discharging a patient to home with a history of depression. Discharge teaching should include which of the following? Handing the family a list of potential behavioral health facilities to call for follow-up. Emphasizing to the family to come back to the hospital for any escalation in behavior rather than calling authorities. Ensuring all firearms in the home are locked in a safe place with no access by the patient. Promote injury prevention with caregivers of patients with a history of depression or suicidal ideation by encouraging that all firearms and medications are under lock to prevent overdoses or suicide attempt. Discussion with the family on the importance of keeping all medications stored on the top shelf of a closet.
23. A 3-year-old is injured in a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival at the emergency department, the child has a diminished level of consciousness, equal bilateral breath sounds, and cool, pale skin. Vital signs are HR 140 beats/minute, RR 36 breaths/minute, and BP 70/ mm Hg. The child is most likely in which of the following shock states?

Hypovolemic shock The mechanism and presentation lead to a suspicion of blood loss. Obstructive shock Cardiogenic shock Distributive shock

24. Which of the following is the priority intervention for a pediatric patient with diabetic ketoacidosis? Subcutaneous insulin Intramuscular insulin

Dysrhythmias QRS prolongation and ventricular dysrhythmias are symptoms of cyclic antidepressant Insulin infusion A continuous infusion of insulin at 0.05–0. unit/kg/hr should be used to decrease blood glucose. Insulin bolus

25. Which of the following describes a neonate’s normal position? Extension with extremities close to the body Flexion with extremities away from the body Extension with extremities away from the body Flexion with extremities close to the body A neonate’s normal position is flexion with extremities close to the body.

Dysrhythmias QRS prolongation and ventricular dysrhythmias are symptoms of cyclic antidepressant

26. The emergency nurse is caring for a 14-year-old patient who sustained a displaced fracture of the radius and ulna after falling from a bicycle. Which of the following pain interventions is most likely to result in improvement in symptoms? Topical application of lidocaine-based cream Application of warm compresses to the affected extremity Placing the extremity at the level of the heart Application of a splint to the affected extremity Splinting is an effective non-pharmacologic intervention to reduce pain associated with fractures.
27. The type of vascular access is appropriate in all of the patient situations given EXCEPT for which of the following? Intraosseous device insertion for a cardiac emergency

Dysrhythmias QRS prolongation and ventricular dysrhythmias are symptoms of cyclic antidepressant Scalp IV for a neonate with a fever Peripherally inserted central catheter line for one time fluid bolus This vascular access is most appropriate for long term medication administration and multiple blood draws. Peripheral IV in the forearm pre-surgically in a child

28. A 5-year-old child presents to the emergency department after being hit by a car. She complains of left upper quadrant pain and the focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) exam shows fluid around her spleen. Which of the following findings would be an early indication of ongoing blood loss? Widening pulse pressure Narrowing pulse pressure and increasing heart rate are early indications of ongoing blood loss. Bradycardia

Dysrhythmias QRS prolongation and ventricular dysrhythmias are symptoms of cyclic antidepressant Decreasing diastolic blood pressure Weak peripheral pulses

29. A 15 - year-old patient has attempted suicide by overdosing on amitriptyline. The emergency nurse should expect which of the following symptoms? overdose. Miosis Diuresis Hypotension
30. The parents of a 5-year-old child arrive at the emergency department. The child's lips and face are swollen with hives on the face. The parents report the child ate peanut butter crackers in the last hour. The child has no known allergies. The nurse recognizes the findings are associated with:

Dysrhythmias QRS prolongation and ventricular dysrhythmias are symptoms of cyclic antidepressant Food allergy This a clinical manifestation seen in food allergies. Nutritional sensitivity Medication sensitivity Latex allergy

31. Which of the following statements demonstrates a nurse's understanding of pediatric submersion injuries? Laryngospasm; a reflexive response to submersion, prevents fluid from entering the lungs for extended periods of time

The negative impact of lactic acid on the renal tubules is evidenced by a decrease in urinary output in the immediate post-submersion phase The best indicator of survival after submersion is the duration of time of submersion The duration of submersion is the best predictor of survival after drowning. In general, shorter times correlate to better outcomes. Hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis may adversely impact myocardial function

32. A 2-month-old infant is brought to the emergency department. The mother states he has had trouble breathing for the past two days. The PAT reveals an age-appropriate general appearance, rapid breathing with mild distress, and pink skin. Mucous is noted to both nares. Which of the following is the best next step? Administer oxygen via face mask Reposition the infant