NURS319 Final Exam Study Guide, Exams of Nursing

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NURS319 Final Exam STUDY GUIDE WITH OVER 100 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS ALREADY GRADED A How is diabetes diagnosed? - ANSWER>>-A1C of 7 or > -fasting plasma glucose > or = 126 mg/dL -2 hour plasma glucose level > or = to 200 mg/dL -pt w/ polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and unexplained weight loss or random plasma glucose > 200 will be treated what are the manifestations of diabetes? - ANSWER>>-polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia -hyperglycemia -unexplained weight loss what is diabetes the leading cause of? - ANSWER>>-End-stage renal disease -Adult blindness -Non-traumatic lower limb amputations what are the complications of diabetes? - ANSWER>>-heart disease -hypertension -stroke what should nutrition education be for someone with diabetes? - ANSWER>>-eat at regular intervals -should carb count -coordinate diet with activity -weight loss (if applicable) -fruits and vegetables what is the exercise education with pt with DM? - ANSWER>>-consistent exercise -walking 30 min/day for 5 days/week -have snack before exercise, check BGM, keep simple carb on hand -best done 1hr after meals or have 10-15g snack before what is the nursing intervention for a patient with hyperglycemia? - ANSWER>>-continue med regimen -check BGM fx -increase fluids -call provider -check urine for ketones what are the manifestations for hyperglycemia? - ANSWER>>-hot dry skin -fruity breath what are the manifestations for hypoglycemia? - ANSWER>>-shakiness -confusion -profuse sweating -palpitations -headache what is the rule of 15 for hypoglycemia? - ANSWER>>-15g of simple carb (4-6oz of juice or soft drink) -recheck in 15 min -if sustained give another 15g -recheck in 15min -repeat 2-3 doses, if unchanged call HCP what is the emergency intervention for a pt with hypoglycemia? - ANSWER>>-give 20-50 mL of 50% dextrose IV -if no IV access & pt is unconscious give 1mg of glucagon IM or subQ what is a rapid acting insulin? - ANSWER>>aspart, lispro, gluisine How is Addison's disease treated? - ANSWER>>-Hydrocortisone what to know about hydrocortisone? - ANSWER>>-take early morning w/ food -taper off if stopping -take w/ vitamin D -low impact exercise what should be inspected in the physical skin assessment? - ANSWER>>-color -pigment -bruising -lesions -discoloration what should be palpated in skin assessment? - ANSWER>>-temperature -turgor -moisture -texture what is a macule lesion? - ANSWER>>-freckles, mole -flat discoloration what is a papule lesion? - ANSWER>>-wart, elevated mole, basal cell carcinoma -elevated solid lesion what is a plaque lesion? - ANSWER>>-psoriasis -elevated solid lesion what is a pustule lesion? - ANSWER>>-acne, impetigo -elevated lesion w/ purulent fluid what is a vesicle lesion? - ANSWER>>-varicella, shingles, 2nd degree burn -superficial collection of serous fluid what is a wheal lesion? - ANSWER>>-inspect bite, hives, angioedema -firm, edematous, irregular shape how is skin cancer diagnosed? - ANSWER>>A: asymmetry B: border C: color D: diameter E: evolving What do basal cell carcinomas look like? - ANSWER>>-pearly borders, depressed center, slightly red or elevated -treated by surgery depending on the location what is the prognosis for basal cell carcinomas? - ANSWER>>-least likely to metastasize, 90% cure rate -least deadly what is the prognosis for melanoma? - ANSWER>>-poor prognosis unless treated early -rapid metastasis - survival rate has correlation on depth of invasion what does melanoma look like? - ANSWER>>- irregularly shaped - rough borders - varied colors with red, white, blue tones What can melanoma arise from? - ANSWER>>-environmental factors -genetics what to know about HSV1? - ANSWER>>-recurrent and lifelong -treat w/ antiviral rx (acyclovir), soothing moist compress -no vaccine What is the treatment for herpes zoster? - ANSWER>>-silvadene (if ruptured vesicles -wet cold compress -analgesics (gabapentin) -vaccine (age 65 and above) -antiviral treatment is shingles unilateral or bilateral? - ANSWER>>unilateral what is the patient education for scabies? - ANSWER>>-treat close family and sexual partners -treat environment w/ plastic for 5 days -can have itching up to 4 weeks after -treated with 5% topical lotion (apply overnight and 2nd application is a week later) -treated w/ antibiotics if secondary infection -launder clothes w/ bleach what are the skin gerontological considerations? - ANSWER>>-decreased fat in the skin -less protection, more wrinkles -dry skin, less sweating -bruising -less awareness to pain, touch, temp, vibration what are the gerontological considerations for hair? - ANSWER>>-gray or white, dry or coarse what are the gerontological considerations for nails? - ANSWER>>-thick brittle nails w/ diminished growth what is tinea pedis? - ANSWER>>athlete's foot what is impetigo? - ANSWER>>Contagious bacterial infection marked by clusters of small blisters what is psoriasis? - ANSWER>>dry skin, reddness what is candidasis? - ANSWER>>fungal infectioon (thrush) What is tinea corporis? - ANSWER>>ringworm What is uriticaria? - ANSWER>>hives what is the discharge criteria from the PACU to the floor? - ANSWER>>-pt is at baseline and can be aroused -stable vitals -no excessive bleeding or drainage -chronic cough -chest heaviness -wheezing -fatigue -weight loss what is occupational lung disease caused by? - ANSWER>>-asbestos what is patient teaching for pt with occupational lung disease? - ANSWER>>-proper PPE -OSHA -limit exposure what should the nurse assess for in pt with a tracheostomoy? - ANSWER>>-body image (do they accept it, participate in care, change gauze) -can they communicate (yes/no ?, head shake, white board) what is the pt education for aspiration? - ANSWER>>-recovery position -keep HOB elevated during meals -O2, abx, cardiopulmonary support -head tilt chin lift what is the pt education for atelectasis? - ANSWER>>-deep breathing and coughing -incentive spirometer -oxygen how to use incentive spirometer? - ANSWER>>-expand lungs and breath more deeply and fully -lips around mouthpiece and inhale deeply to watch piston rise what is the gerontological consideration for influenza? - ANSWER>>-encourage vaccination -pneumonia is the complication what are the HTN risk factors? - ANSWER>>-age -alcohol -DM -elevated serum lipids -ethnicity -excess dietary sodium -gender -obesity -sedentary lifestyle -socioeconomic status -stress -tobacco use what are lifestyle modifications for HTN? - ANSWER>>-manage BP -control diet (cholesterol, blood sugar) -get active, eat better, lose weight -stop smoking What is the DASH diet? - ANSWER>>-dietary approach to stop hypertension -fruits, vegetables, fat-free or low-fat milk, whole grains, fish, poultry, beans, seeds, and nuts -NO FATTY MEAT what activity should a HTN pt do? - ANSWER>>-aerobic exercise for 30 min/day or 150 min/week what is the treatment for HTN crisis? - ANSWER>>-sodium nitroprusside -labetalol -reassess q3-5 min, check neuro, recheck BP -EKG, bloodwork, drugs what are the educational points after RGYB? - ANSWER>>-dumping syndrome is a complication so avoid sugar -6 small meal, no liquids at the same time -avoid drinking w/ straw (gulping) -15mL q10-15min, increase to 90mL q30 min -multivitamins= Ca, D, B12, high protein, low carb what is the patient teaching for chronic constipation? - ANSWER>>-high fiber diet (fruit w/ skin, wheat bread, asparagus, beans) -stool softeners, laxatives (enemas are not first line tx) -fx repositioning, privacy -drink fluids -exercise what is hep A caused by? - ANSWER>>-contaminated food, milk, water, shellfish what is hep A education? - ANSWER>>-hand-washing -vaccine what is CKD causes? - ANSWER>>-age >60 -CVD -DM -ethnic minority -exposure to nephrotoxic drugs -family hx of CKD -HTN what are post-op complications for TURP? - ANSWER>>-hemorrhage -bladder spasms -urinary incontinence -infection what to do for a hemorrhage after TURP? - ANSWER>>-CBI -remove clotted blood from bladder