NURS356 - Final Exam with complete solutions 2024/2025, Exams of Nursing

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NURS356 - Final Exam with complete

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Experimental - ANSWER-After-only Design Quasi-Experimental - ANSWER-One group (Pretest - Posttest) Design Experimental Research Design - ANSWER-What experimental design is used in the study? Quasi-Experimental Research Design - ANSWER-What are the most common threats to internal and external validity of the findings of this design? Both Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research Designs - ANSWER-Is power analysis used to calculate the appropriate sample size for the study? Chapter 10: Multiple Choice & Terms - ANSWER-##### Which statements are true about nonexperimental designs? (Select all that apply.

• ANSWER-Nonexperimental designs are used to test relationships among variables. Nonexperimental designs can be used to construct a picture of a phenomenon at one point in time.

What is another name for longitudinal studies? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Prospective studies Cohort studies Repeated measures studies What are potential disadvantages of longitudinal studies? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-Subject loss as a result of attrition The Hawthorne effect What is another name for retrospective studies? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-Case-control studies Ex post facto studies A nurse researcher demonstrated that cigarette smoking appeared to be a determinant of lung cancer. The researcher was unable to conclude a causal relationship exists between cigarette smoking and lung cancer because of which reason? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-The independent variable was not manipulated. Subjects were not randomly assigned to groups. Nonexperimental studies provide what type of evidence? - ANSWER-Level IV .A study was designed to assess whether motion had an effect on the mood of elderly residents in a nursing home. The researcher examined whether residents who ambulated for an hour every day were more engaged in their environments than those who did not ambulate. This type of study is known as what? - ANSWER-Comparative What is an advantage of using surveys for data collection? - ANSWER-A relatively small number of subjects can provide accurate information. What is the role of an investigator in a correlational study? - ANSWER-Examines the relationship between two or more variables

Nonexperimental correlational studies are used frequently in nursing research for which reason? - ANSWER-Many of the phenomena of clinical interest do not lend themselves to manipulation, control, or randomization. Which type of studies is concerned specifically with a time perspective? - ANSWER-Developmental studies Graduates of nursing programs were surveyed 6 months postgraduation to determine their perspectives on the adequacy of their nursing education. This study is an example of what kind of study? - ANSWER-A cross-sectional study Why are predictive models used? - ANSWER-To explain the relationships among variables to establish predictive or causal links Why are psychometrics used? - ANSWER-To use the research process to develop tools or techniques for use in measurement A researcher explored the nursing practice of new graduates to measure the frequency of medical errors they made over time. A cohort of new graduates was surveyed at 6 months, 9 months, and 1 year post graduation. Which design best describes this study? - ANSWER-Descriptive longitudinal Which studies are classified as survey studies? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Descriptive Exploratory Comparative Which studies are classified as relationship-difference studies? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-Correlational Developmental Cross-sectional Which type of study would be classified as a developmental study? - ANSWER- Cross-sectional

Which type of study would be classified as a longitudinal study? - ANSWER- Developmental Which type of study is an ex post facto study? - ANSWER-Developmental Which type of study is a comparative study? - ANSWER-Survey Which type of study is a prospective study? - ANSWER-Developmental Which type of study is a case-control study? - ANSWER-Developmental Which type of study is a cohort study? - ANSWER-Developmental The nurse researcher is designing an ex post facto study that uses cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. In such a study, the independent variable for the experimental group is considered to be what? - ANSWER-Cigarette smoking The nurse researcher is designing an ex post facto study that uses cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. In such a study, the dependent variable for the control group is considered to be what? - ANSWER-Absence of lung cancer Chapter 11 - ANSWER-##### What does Phase I of a meta-analysis include? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Outcome data Sample sizes What does Phase II of a meta-analysis include? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Pooled average result Decision regarding calculation The Critical Appraisal Skills Program Checklists provide an evidence-based approach for assessing what? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-Consistency Quality Quantity

The Critical Appraisal Skills Program Checklists consist of tools that are used to assess a study's what? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-Reliability Methodology Validity The Critical Appraisal Skills Program Checklists include questions that focus on what? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-Are the study's results valid? What are the results? Are findings applicable to your practice? Systematic reviews - ANSWER-Does the PICO question used as the basis of the review match the studies included in the review? Clinical guidelines - ANSWER-Is there a clinical problem and is the purpose clear in terms of what the guideline covers and patient groups for which it was designed? A nurse recognizes the need to change practice on the basis of a review of current research conducted in the practice area. What is this an example of? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-Evidence-based practice (EBP) decisions Decision-driven use of research evidence It is essential to engage key stakeholders in an EBP project for which reason? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-Stakeholders may impede adoption of the EBP if they are not included. Stakeholders will be directly affected by the implementation of the EBP. Stakeholders are the resistors to change. When grading the evidence, the nurse researcher should address what? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-The quality of the individual research The strength of the body of evidence Limitations of EBP guidelines may include what? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-Age of guidelines

Inappropriate retrieval methods A group approach to the critique of research is useful for which reason? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-It provides novice researchers the chance to review research. The workload is distributed. What is the first step in carrying out an EBP project? - ANSWER-Select a topic. What is an example of a problem-focused trigger? - ANSWER-An increased incidence of diabetes mellitus What is an example of a knowledge-focused trigger? - ANSWER-Assessing placement of nasogastric tubes Once evidence is retrieved, the articles that provide information regarding the state of the science are known as what? - ANSWER-EBP guidelines Before critiquing research, the first category of articles to read in order to understand the state of the practice is what? - ANSWER-Clinical articles How does a summary table assist a researcher? - ANSWER-Synthesizing information from studies Chapter 5 - ANSWER-### Which is an accurate statement about qualitative research? (Select all that apply.)

• ANSWER-Qualitative research takes place in naturalistic settings and may utilize participant observation as a data-gathering technique. Open-ended survey questions are one method of gathering data for qualitative research. A study's context could be considered to be what? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-Cultural beliefs of study participants The physical setting of the study

What is an accurate statement regarding the constructivist paradigm? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-There are multiple realities. The participant is an active part of the study. Which would be an accurate way to describe qualitative research? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER-Inductive Explanatory Descriptive What does the constructivist paradigm value? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Subjectivism Time and place Knowledge gained from science is considered valuable to nursing practice for which reason? - ANSWER-Nurses have more information with which to make patient care decisions. Which is an accurate statement regarding paradigms? - ANSWER-All research, both quantitative and qualitative, is based on paradigms. Which paradigm most clearly provides the basis for qualitative research? - ANSWER-Constructivism Which is an example of how research approaches fall along a continuum? - ANSWER-Empirical analytical research at one end and naturalistic research at the other The data collection phase of qualitative research most appropriately occurs after which phase of the research process? - ANSWER-Setting The nurse researcher is interested in acting as a neutral observer during the study. She or he should most appropriately select which type of research? - ANSWER-Quantitative research

The type of research that can be most affected by the values of the researcher is what? - ANSWER-Quantitative Which of Kearney's Modes of Clinical Applications for Qualitative Research should be used if the nurse researcher wants to be able to share qualitative findings with the patient? - ANSWER-Anticipatory guidance Which of Kearney's Modes of Clinical Applications for Qualitative Research should be utilized if the nurse researcher wants to be able to better understand how a cancer patient is reacting to his diagnosis? - ANSWER-Insight or empathy In research conducted using grounded theory, what signals the collection of an adequate amount of data? - ANSWER-Saturation Which of Kearney's Modes of Clinical Applications for Qualitative Research should be used if the nurse researcher wants to be able to better advise a patient of how to cope with the side effects of chemotherapy? - ANSWER-Coaching Which of Kearney's Categories of Qualitative Findings can provide the nurse researcher with a map into previously uncharted territory in the human experience of health and illness? - ANSWER-Descriptive categories Why should a nurse researcher have an understanding of the philosophy underlying each type of research? - ANSWER-The research method that best meets the intended purpose of the study should be used. Which of Kearney's Categories of Qualitative Findings would apply if the nurse researcher has to abort the study because the findings have been obscured with an existing theory? - ANSWER-Restricted by a priori frameworks Which question will most accurately critique the sampling of a research project? - ANSWER-Are the informants who were chosen appropriate to inform the research?

Which question will most accurately critique the method of a research project? - ANSWER-Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study? Which question will most accurately critique the purpose of a research project? - ANSWER-What is the projected significance of the work to nursing? Which question will most accurately critique the statement of the phenomenon of interest of a research project? - ANSWER-What are the philosophic underpinnings of the research method? Which question will most accurately critique the credibility of a research project?

• ANSWER-Has adequate time been allowed to understand the phenomenon fully? The nurse researcher is working with children's descriptions of pain during cancer treatment and what they consider to be good care during a painful episode. Which of Kearney's Categories of Qualitative Findings would be most applicable in this case? - ANSWER-Descriptive categories The nurse researcher is working with pregnant women recovering from cocaine addiction to describe how they move on to create a new life. Which of Kearney's Categories of Qualitative Findings would be most applicable in this case? - ANSWER-Depiction of experiential variation