NURSING NUR 2407 pharm exam 1 STUDY GUIDE Best Rationale!!, Exams of Nursing

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• Metabolism

Pharm exam 1 study guide

o The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life o Takes place in each cell of a living organism o Provides energy

• Side effects o A secondary, typically undesirable effect of a drug or medical treatment o Examples ▪ Fatigue ▪ Nausea ▪ Vomiting ▪ Diarrhea ▪ Dizziness ▪ Dry mouth ▪ Headache
• Otic medications o Ear medications o Examples ▪ Cerumenolytics ▪ Otic anesthetics ▪ Otic steroids
• Different cultures o Eye contact ▪ Wester cultures UK Australia and the US and Western Europe - Use eye contact ▪ Middle eastern - Eye contact is less common and is considered less appropriate ▪ Asian - Eye contact isn’t considered part of social interaction ▪ African and Latin America - Aggressive eye contact is considered extremely disrespectful
• Disadvantages of transdermal o Delayed onset action o Drug absorption rates may differ
• Effects of agonist o Binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce biological response o Causes an action
• Effective teaching times o Start right away

o Timing is everything make sure it is appropriate time where the patient is fully alert and ready to learn

• Oral administration o Make sure they can swallow
• What to do when Pt doesn’t understand dr teaching o Ask the doctor to clarify or elaborate on some things
• Difference between drugs and medications o THERE IS NONE!!!!!!!!!!!!
• What should be done first when crushing pills o Check to see if it is safe to do so o May cause serious side effects o May prevent med from working properly o Slow down recovery from illness
• Administering a new drug what to ask o Ask for allergies o Have them state two forms of ID (name and DOB)
• Most dangerous route of administration o IV
• Active listening o Communication technique ▪ Eye contact ▪ Facial expressions ▪ Verbal and none verbal ▪ Body language
• How to avoid drug errors o Have patient id himself o Ensure the five rights ▪ Right patient ▪ Right drug ▪ Right dose ▪ Right route ▪ Right time o Double and triple check
• Sublingual o Under the tongue
• Disorders that increase risk of side effects o Anxiety o Panic disorder
• Therapeutic response o Response after treatment- the outcome that’s desired
• Administration times o Hour before or hour after

• Half life o Divide by half
• STAT o Immediately
• State name and DOB o When administering treatment and medications
• Psychomotor domain o Motor function of the brain o Examples ▪ Physical movement ▪ Coordination ▪ Use of motor skills o Awake but confused ▪ Id them by name band ▪ How to administer meds - Come back later when they are less confused - Try talking to them and letting them know who you are where they are at and why they are there
• QID o 4 times a day
• Fully absorbed administration route o IV
• Medication errors o Occur most often in older adults
• Allergic reactions o Hives o Rash o Nasal congestion
• Toxic o How poisons or harmful a substance can be o Occurs in the blood stream o Mental diseases
• Who approves medications o FDA approves drugs
• 8 rights to medication administration o Patient o Medication o Dosage o Time o Documentation o Refuse o Focused assessment

o Information o Focused evaluation (when giving a PRN)

What is a chemical name?

Pregnancy categories:

• Category A : Controlled studies show no risk or find no evidence of harm.
• Category B : Animal studies show no risks, but there are no controlled studies on pregnant women.
• Category C : Animal studies have shown risk to the fetus, there are no controlled studies in women, or studies in women and animals are not available.
• Category D : There is positive evidence of potential fetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (i.e. life threatening condition to mother).
• Category X : Studies in animals or human beings have demonstrated fetal abnormalities, or there is evidence of fetal risk. The drug is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant.

Dosage calculations occur the most in infants

Oz to mL- 1oz=30 mL

4oz=

6oz=

8oz=

Desired over have formula:

1 Liter = 1000 Milliliters 1 Gram = 1000 Milligrams 1 Milligram = 1000 Micrograms 1 Kilogram = 2.2 pounds

D = dose ordered or desired dose H = dose on container label or dose on hand V = form and amount in which drug comes (tablet, capsule, liquid)