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Nutrition and Older Adults: Normal Aging vs. Successful Aging and Common Health Issues - P, Study notes of Nutrition

The differences between normal aging and successful aging in older adults, focusing on the impact of lifestyle choices on physiological changes. It also covers common health issues such as heart disease, stroke, inflammatory diseases, underweight, and gastrointestinal diseases, providing dietary interventions and treatments.

Typology: Study notes

2012/2013

Uploaded on 12/15/2013

morggrif
morggrif 🇺🇸

4 documents

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Download Nutrition and Older Adults: Normal Aging vs. Successful Aging and Common Health Issues - P and more Study notes Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity!

HNFE 2014 Fall 2013

Nutrition and Older Adults

Special Considerations

Chapter 19

Normal vs. Successful Aging _normal aging____ - physiologic and biochemical changes that occur over time; they increase in rate and severity with poor lifestyle choices. successful aging - the reduction (or postponement) of physical changes, which can be achieved by making healthy lifestyle choices. [View graph to see trend (including projected data) of aging U.S. population… This graph is different from the one I showed in Chapter 18’s lecture.] [View graph on Respondent-Assessed Health Status.] [View graph on Chronic Health Conditions.] Heart Disease (CVD) -Includes:

  • Cerebrovascular (including stroke)

-It is the leading cause of death in older adults -According to NHANES III, ____________________________ have 1 or more modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (such as HT, high LDL-C, diabetes) -Older African Americans are ___________ more likely to have at least one of the three cardiovascular risk factors than the average American population. Dietary intervention for older adults with CVD:

  • __ total fat
  • Replace saturated fat with ________________________
  • __ synthetic trans fatty acids
  • __ dietary cholesterol
  • Limit salt intake
  • __ fiber
  • __ fruits and vegetables Other positive lifestyle changes:

Stroke

  • CVD (which includes stroke) is a leading cause of death in people >
    • Among individuals who have their first stroke at the age of 70 or older, approximately ___________ will die within 1 year.
    • It also leaves survivors with issues that affect nutritional status (___ % of females and ___% of males over 65 yo have had a stroke) Risk Factors
  • Blocked arteries (i.e. ________________________ )
  • Increased blood clotting or tendency to clot (not getting enough omega- fatty acids or vitamin E)

  • Increased blood pressure (not getting enough potassium, calcium, fruit/veg, ________________) *All of these occur more often with old age, obesity and inactivity _____________________ can be taken daily as a blood-thinner. What Impacts Nutritional Status?
  • Impaired _____________________, chewing, swallowing
  • Partial paralysis

  • May manage these with changing food texture, feeding differently, ________________ Inflammatory Diseases
  • This includes osteoarthritis, ______________________, celiac disease, _______, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, _____________________etc.
  • An estimated _______ of older adults suffer from chronic arthritis-type of pain.
  • If overweight, weight loss helps decrease symptoms of arthritis
  • Dietary treatments still being investigated, but promising factors include:

  • Vitamin C (antioxidant function, collagen formation)

  • Chondroitin/ glucosamine (may help with cartilage repair)
  • S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) (may decrease pain, stiffness)

  • GLA (gamma linoleic acid, a n-3 fatty acid – may decrease inflammation by limiting the synthesis of inflammatory n-6 FAs) Underweight
  • Assessing underweight as a possible nutrition risk factor:

Gastrointestinal Disease:

Area affected Possible Change Effect of change Treatment Esophageal- stomach juncture Weakened muscle GERD Eat upright Avoid foods that cause problems Weight loss if overweight Stomach Decreased acidity Decreased nutrient absorption (B12, folate, Calcium, Iron) Monitor status -treat with food or supplements Increased acidity (not as common with aging) Ulcers, maybe GERD Maybe antacids Drug therapy Decreased intrinsic factor  B12 absorption Pernicious anemia (B12) -includes irreversible nerve damage Synthetic supplement Injections Atrophy, decreased enzyme production Decreased nutrient absorption Monitor status – treat as appropriate Intestine Increased motility Diarrhea, food intolerances Decreased nutrient absorption Avoid offending foods Maybe drug therapy Decreased motility (most common of the 2) Constipation Increased fiber, water, exercise Maybe drug therapy

And that’s it!!! 