Nutrition Final Exam Study Guide: Chapters 1-11, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Nutrition

Download Nutrition Final Exam Study Guide: Chapters 1-11 and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity! NR 228 CHAPTER 1-11 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 1 (2 left to answer) How many calories are provided by protein, carbohydrates, fat and alcohol? Protein/Carbs: 4 kcal/gram Fat: 9 kcal/gram Alcohol: 7 kcal/gram What does “nutrient density” mean? Nutrient density assigns the value to a food on the basis of a comparison of its nutrient content with the kcal the food contains. The more nutrients and the fewer kcal a food provides, the higher its nutrient density. Know the basics of the six categories of nutrients. The six categories of Nutrients; Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids (fats), Vitamins, Minerals, Water. (**Pages 9-10 on the book goes into a lot of detail about each one***) CHAPTER 2 (1 left to answer) What are the five food groups of MyPlate? Veggies: 2 ½ cups Fruits: 2 cups Grains: 6 oz. Protein: 5 ½ oz. Dairy: 3 cups What is “fortification”? Enrichment of nutrients What nutrients are required on a food label? Calories, calories from fat, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, sugars, protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Calcium & Iron Know how to read a food label (Page 30-32, page 32 shows an actual label**) The Daily Values is a system for food labeling composed of two sets of reference values: daily intakes (RDIs) and daily reference values. The percent of Daily Values information (%DV), based on a 2000 kcal diet, is intended to show consumers how much of a day’s ideal intake of a particular nutrient they are eating. DVs for selected nutrients and food components based on a 2500-calorie diet are also given at the bottom of the label. CHAPTER 3 In what order does food pass through the G.I. tract? The mouth the esophagus the stomach small intestine large intestine Know chemical versus mechanical digestion. Mechanical Digestion: Chewing, peristalsis, segmentation, action of sphincter muscles Chemical Digestion: Actual breakdown of substances from the production and/or storage of gastric and digestive secretions. CHAPTER 9 (4 left to answer) What is basal metabolic rate? Rate at which the body spends energy to keep all life-sustaining processes going. What percent of daily expenditure is used for basal metabolism? The basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60-75% (Honestly found this one on google ) What factors affect basal metabolic rate? What are the BMI categories? Underweight: Less than 18.5 Normal Weight: 18.5-24.9 Overweight: 25-29.9 Obese: Higher than 30 How do you calculate BMI? Divide your weight in kilograms (kg) by your height in metres (m) then divide the answer by your height again to get your BMI What nutrients yield energy when metabolized? Carbs, protein, and fat CHAPTER 10 (3 left to answer) Ideally, how much weight should a normal woman gain during pregnancy? 25- 35 lbs What nutrients need to be increased during pregnancy? All EXCEPT D,E,K, Phosphorus, fluoride, calcium. What advantages does breastfeeding have over bottle-feeding? Antibodies from mom What nutrient may need to be supplemented in breast-fed infants? Iron, Vitamin D, Fluoride At what age should you introduce solid foods to an infant? 4-6 months What are the recommendations for fruit juice in infancy? Around 6 months 4-6 oz a day until 12 months Main nutrition concerns of childhood? Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes pages 213-215 in book), Lead poisoning because they naturally absorb greater amounts of minerals than adults, iron deficiency Main nutrition concerns of infancy? Food asphyxiation for toddlers, avoid peanuts, popcorn, hard candies, grapes, and foods containing bones. Main nutrition concerns of adolescence? Obesity CHAPTER 11 Types of malnutrition? Starvation-Related Malnutrition: Chronic starvation without inflammation Chronic Disease-Related Malnutrition: Chronic Inflammation of mild to moderate degree. Acute Disease-Or injury-Related Malnutrition: Acute inflammation of severe degree Requirement for hospital nutrition screening? Must be done within 48 hours. What are anthropometric measurements? ABCD Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary assessment Anthropometric: Simple, noninvasive techniques to measure height, weight, head circumference, and skinfold thickness. Biochemical: No single test for nutrition. Important indicators visceral protein status and immune function. Serum albumin; prealbumin; lymphocyte count. BMI. Clinical Assessment: Medical history, physical exam, features associated with deficiencies. Dietary Assessment: 24 hour recall, food diary