Download Nutrition Questions with Complete Solutions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NSG 300 Topic 6: Nutrition Questions With Complete Solutions what is the main source of energy in a diet - carbohydrates simple carbohydrates - monosaccharides and disaccharides (sugars) complex carbohydrates - polysaccharides (starches and fibers) have longer lasting energy amino acid - simplest form of a protein indispensible amino acids - Provided through diet because the body does not make them dispensable amino acids - The body synthesizes these Positive nitrogen balance - ·when the intake of nitrogen is greater than the output. Positive nitrogen balance is required for.., - growth, normal pregnancy, maintenance of lean muscle mass and vital organs, and wound healing. The body uses nitrogen to build, repair, and replace body tissues. Negative nitrogen balance - ·occurs when the body loses more nitrogen than it gains (e.g., with infection, burns, fever, starvation, head injury, and trauma). The increased nitrogen loss is the result of... - body tissue destruction or loss of nitrogen-containing body fluids. Nutrition during this period needs to provide nutrients to put patients into positive balance for healing. what is the most calorie dense nurtrient - fats what are chemicals that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions - vitamins vitamins are - organic compounds that are essential to normal metabolism water soluble vitamins - B complex and vitamin C absorb easily from the GI tract, they are not stored (urinate out) fat soluble vitamins - Vitamins A, D, E, K stored in the fatty compartments of the body minerals are - inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions. macrominerals - any of the minerals that people require daily in amounts over 100 mg microminerals/ trace elements - any of the minerals that people require daily in amounts less than 100 mg Enzymes - the protein like substances that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions. They are an essential part of the chemistry of digestion. Adolescents have increased energy needs owing to higher metabolic growth demands; protein increase is needed; calcium and continuous iron are especially important in females nutritional needs for young and middle adults - Energy requirements for maintenance and repair only as growth slows nutritional needs for older adults - · Decreased needs for energy due to slowing of their metabolic rate. Age-related changes in appetite, taste, smell, and the digestive system affect nutrition. Fixed incomes influence the ability to purchase food. The elderly often have difficulty chewing, missing teeth, or oral pain, causing difficulty in food consumption Ovolactovegetarian - avoids meat, fish, and poultry, but eats eggs and milk Lactovegetarian - drinks milk but avoids eggs Vegan - consumes only plant foods Zen macrobiotic - consist primarily of brown rice, other grains, and herb teas Fruitarian - consumes fruit, nuts, honey, and olive oil what are some causes of malnutrition - conditions that interfere with the ability to ingest, digest, or absorb adequate nutrients. Anthropometry - is a measurement system of the size and makeup of the body. An ideal body weight (IBW) - provides an estimate of what a person should weigh Body mass index (BMI) - o measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height-weight relationships. How do you calculate BMI? - weight (kg) / height (m^2) dysphagia - difficulty swallowing what are warning signs of dysphagia - o cough during eating; change in voice tone or quality after swallowing; abnormal movements of the mouth, tongue, or lips; and slow, weak, imprecise, or uncoordinated speech. Abnormal gag, delayed swallowing, incomplete oral clearance or pocketing, regurgitation, pharyngeal pooling, delayed or absent trigger of swallow, and inability to speak consistently Advancing diets - gradual progression of dietary intake or therapeutic diet to manage illness how do you promote appetite - Provide an environment that promotes nutritional intake (free of odors, oral hygiene to remove unpleasant taste, maintain comfort) enteral tube feeding - provides nutrients into the GI tract Parenteral Nutrition (PN) - Nutrients are provided intravenously Polymeric Enteral Formula - milk-based, blenderized; the patient's gastrointestinal tract needs to be able to absorb whole nutrients Modular Enteral Formula - are single macronutrient (e.g., protein, glucose, polymers, or lipids) preparations and are not nutritionally complete. This type of formula is added to other foods to meet a patient's individual nutritional needs. Elemental enteral formulation - formulas are nutritionally complete, which means they contain all of the nutrients needed to maintain nutritional sustenance. They are unique in that the protein equivalent and fats (medium chain triglycerides, or MCTs) are broken down to their simplest form, making them easier to digest. Speciality enteral formula - when is enteral tube feeding used when... - patients are unable to ingest food but are still able to digest and absorb nutrients before starting a PN what must be done - xray to confirm positon Peptic ulcer treatments - -Avoid caffeine -Avoid spicy foods -Avoid aspirin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) -Consume small, frequent meals IBD: Chronic Ulcerative Colitis. treatment - - Elemental diets - Parenteral nutrition
