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The nutritional needs and considerations for older adults. It covers topics such as the increased risk of dehydration, the need for calcium supplementation, and the appropriate dietary recommendations for this population. The document also provides information on medication administration and wound care for older adults. By studying this document, students can gain a better understanding of the unique nutritional requirements and healthcare considerations for the geriatric population. The content covers a range of relevant topics, including fluid balance, vitamin and mineral needs, caloric requirements, and the management of common health conditions in older adults. This information can be valuable for healthcare professionals, such as nurses and dietitians, who work with the elderly, as well as for students pursuing careers in geriatric care, nursing, or public health.
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A nurse is caring for a client who weighs 80 kg (176 lb) and is 1.6 m ( 5 ft 3 in) tall. Calculate her BMI & determine whether this client is obese based on her BMI. - - correct ans- - BMI= above 30 equals obese so yes. A nurse is caring for a client who weighs 80 kg (176 lb) and is 1.6 m ( 5 ft 3 in) tall. Calculate her BMI & determine whether this client is obese based on her BMI. - - correct ans- - BMI= above 30 equals obese so yes. A nurse in a senior center is counseling a group of older adults about their nutritional needs & considerations. Which of the following info should the nurse include? Select all. A. Older adults are more prone to dehydration than younger adults are B. Older adults need the same amount of most vitamins & minerals as younger adults do C. Many older men & women need calcium supplementation D. Older adults need more calories than they did when they were younger E. Older adults should consume a diet low in carbs - - correct ans- - A, B, C D-they need fewer calories not more E-they need more carbs & fiber
A nurse in a senior center is counseling a group of older adults about their nutritional needs & considerations. Which of the following info should the nurse include? Select all. A. Older adults are more prone to dehydration than younger adults are B. Older adults need the same amount of most vitamins & minerals as younger adults do C. Many older men & women need calcium supplementation D. Older adults need more calories than they did when they were younger E. Older adults should consume a diet low in carbs - - correct ans- - A, B, C D-they need fewer calories not more E-they need more carbs & fiber A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postop following a total knee arthroplasty. The client states his pain level is a 10 on a scale of 0-10. After reviewing the client's medication administration record, which of the following medications should the nurse administer? A. Meperidine (Demerol) 75 mg IM B. Fentanyl 50 mcg/hr transdermal patch C. Morphine 2 mg IV D. Oxycodone 10 mg PO - - correct ans- - C. IV morphine is the best because the onset is rapid and absorption to the blood is immediate, which is adequate for a client with a 10 pain severity A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postop following a total knee arthroplasty. The client states his pain level is a 10 on a scale of 0-10. After reviewing the client's medication administration record, which of the following medications should the nurse administer? A. Meperidine (Demerol) 75 mg IM
B. Fentanyl 50 mcg/hr transdermal patch C. Morphine 2 mg IV D. Oxycodone 10 mg PO - - correct ans- - C. IV morphine is the best because the onset is rapid and absorption to the blood is immediate, which is adequate for a client with a 10 pain severity A nurse is teaching a client about taking multiple oral meds at home to include time- release capsules, liquid meds, enteric-coated pills, & narcotics. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I can open the capsule w/the beads in it & sprinkle them on my oatmeal." B. "If I am having difficulty swallowing, I will add the liquid meds to a batch of pudding." C. "The pills w/the coating on them can be crushed." D. "I will eat 2 crackers w/the pain pills." - - correct ans- - D. this will prevent N&V from the narcotic A nurse is teaching a client about taking multiple oral meds at home to include time- release capsules, liquid meds, enteric-coated pills, & narcotics. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I can open the capsule w/the beads in it & sprinkle them on my oatmeal." B. "If I am having difficulty swallowing, I will add the liquid meds to a batch of pudding." C. "The pills w/the coating on them can be crushed." D. "I will eat 2 crackers w/the pain pills." - - correct ans- - D. this will prevent N&V from the narcotic A nurse is teaching a client how to administer medication through a jejunostomy tube. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "Flush the tube before & after each med." B. "Administer your meds w/your enteral feeding." C. "Administer tablets through the tube slowly." D. "Mix all the crushed meds prior to dissolving in water." - - correct ans- - A The client should flush the tube w/15-30 mL of water to prevent clogging of the tube A nurse is teaching a client how to administer medication through a jejunostomy tube. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "Flush the tube before & after each med." B. "Administer your meds w/your enteral feeding." C. "Administer tablets through the tube slowly." D. "Mix all the crushed meds prior to dissolving in water." - - correct ans- - A The client should flush the tube w/15-30 mL of water to prevent clogging of the tube A nurse educator is teaching a module on pharmacokinetics to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following statements by a newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the 1st-pass effecct? A. "Some meds block normal receptor activity regulated by endogenous compounds or receptor activity caused by other meds." B. "Some meds may have to be administered by a nonenteral route to avoid inactivation as they travel through the liver." C. "Some meds leave the body more slowly & therefore have a greater risk of accumulation & toxicity." D. "Some meds have a wide safety margin, so there is no need for routine serum medication level monitoring." - - correct ans- - B.
first pass deals with the liver A nurse educator is teaching a module on pharmacokinetics to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following statements by a newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the 1st-pass effecct? A. "Some meds block normal receptor activity regulated by endogenous compounds or receptor activity caused by other meds." B. "Some meds may have to be administered by a nonenteral route to avoid inactivation as they travel through the liver." C. "Some meds leave the body more slowly & therefore have a greater risk of accumulation & toxicity." D. "Some meds have a wide safety margin, so there is no need for routine serum medication level monitoring." - - correct ans- - B. first pass deals with the liver A nurse is teaching an adult client how to administer ear drops. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the proper technique? A. "I will straighten my ear canal by pulling my ear down & back." B. "I will gently apply pressure w/my finger to the tragus of my ear after putting in the drops." C. "I will insert the nozzle of the ear drop bottle snug into my ear before squeezing the drops in." D. "After the drops are in, I will place a cotton ball all the way into my ear canal." - - correct ans- - B. The client should apply gentle pressure w/the finger to the tragus of the ear after administering the drops to help the drops go into the ear canal.
A nurse is teaching an adult client how to administer ear drops. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the proper technique? A. "I will straighten my ear canal by pulling my ear down & back." B. "I will gently apply pressure w/my finger to the tragus of my ear after putting in the drops." C. "I will insert the nozzle of the ear drop bottle snug into my ear before squeezing the drops in." D. "After the drops are in, I will place a cotton ball all the way into my ear canal." - - correct ans- - B. The client should apply gentle pressure w/the finger to the tragus of the ear after administering the drops to help the drops go into the ear canal. A nurse prepares to administer an injection of morphine (Duramorph) to a client who reports pain. Prior to administering, the nurse is called to another room to assist another client onto a bedpan. She asks a 2nd nurse to give the injection. Which of the following actions should the 2nd nurse take? A. Offer to assist the client needing the bedpan. B. Administer the injection prepared by the other nurse C. Prepare another syringe & administer the injection D. Tell the client needing the bedpan she will have to wait for her nurse - - correct ans- - A. A nurse prepares to administer an injection of morphine (Duramorph) to a client who reports pain. Prior to administering, the nurse is called to another room to assist another client onto a bedpan. She asks a 2nd nurse to give the injection. Which of the following actions should the 2nd nurse take? A. Offer to assist the client needing the bedpan. B. Administer the injection prepared by the other nurse
C. Prepare another syringe & administer the injection D. Tell the client needing the bedpan she will have to wait for her nurse - - correct ans- - A. A nurse is preparing to administer a med to a client. The med was scheduled for administration at 0900. Which of the following are acceptable administration times for this med? Select all. A. 0905 B. 0825 C. 1000 D. 0840 E. 0935 - - correct ans- - A, D 30min time frame for meds A nurse is preparing to administer a med to a client. The med was scheduled for administration at 0900. Which of the following are acceptable administration times for this med? Select all. A. 0905 B. 0825 C. 1000 D. 0840 E. 0935 - - correct ans- - A, D 30min time frame for meds
A nurse is working w/a newly hired nurse who is administering meds to clients. Which of the following actions by the newly hired nurse indicates an understanding of med error prevention? A. Taking all meds out of the unit-dose wrappers before entering the client's room B. Checking w/the provider when a single dose requires administration of multiple tablets C. Administering a med, then looking up the usual dosage range D. Relying on another nurse to clarify a med prescription - - correct ans- - B this could indicate a possible error so it should be checked w/the provider A nurse is working w/a newly hired nurse who is administering meds to clients. Which of the following actions by the newly hired nurse indicates an understanding of med error prevention? A. Taking all meds out of the unit-dose wrappers before entering the client's room B. Checking w/the provider when a single dose requires administration of multiple tablets C. Administering a med, then looking up the usual dosage range D. Relying on another nurse to clarify a med prescription - - correct ans- - B this could indicate a possible error so it should be checked w/the provider A nurse educator is teaching a module on safe med administration to newly hired nurses. Which of the following statements by the newly hired nurse indicate understanding of the nurse's responsibility when implementing med therapy? Select all. A. "I will observe for med side effects." B. "I will monitor for therapeutic effects." C. "I will prescribe the appropriate dose." D. "I will change the dose if adverse effects occur."
E. "I will refuse to give a med if I believe it is unsafe." - - correct ans- - A, B, E A nurse educator is teaching a module on safe med administration to newly hired nurses. Which of the following statements by the newly hired nurse indicate understanding of the nurse's responsibility when implementing med therapy? Select all. A. "I will observe for med side effects." B. "I will monitor for therapeutic effects." C. "I will prescribe the appropriate dose." D. "I will change the dose if adverse effects occur." E. "I will refuse to give a med if I believe it is unsafe." - - correct ans- - A, B, E A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) to a client who states, "I don't want to take that med. I do not want one more pill." Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate in this situation? A. "Your physician prescribed it for you, so you really should take it." B. "Well, let's just get it over w/quickly then." C. "Okay, I'll just give you your other meds." D. "Tell me your concerns w/taking this med." - - correct ans- - D. A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) to a client who states, "I don't want to take that med. I do not want one more pill." Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate in this situation? A. "Your physician prescribed it for you, so you really should take it." B. "Well, let's just get it over w/quickly then." C. "Okay, I'll just give you your other meds."
D. "Tell me your concerns w/taking this med." - - correct ans- - D. A nurse is assessing a client who has an acute resp. infection that puts her at risk for hypoxemia. Which of the following findings are early indications that should alert the nurse that the client is developing hypoxemia? Select all. A. Restlessness B. Tachypnea C. Bradycardia D. Confusion E. Pallor - - correct ans- - A, B, E C and D are late manifestations of hypoxemia. A nurse is assessing a client who has an acute resp. infection that puts her at risk for hypoxemia. Which of the following findings are early indications that should alert the nurse that the client is developing hypoxemia? Select all. A. Restlessness B. Tachypnea C. Bradycardia D. Confusion E. Pallor - - correct ans- - A, B, E C and D are late manifestations of hypoxemia.
A nurse is caring for a client who is having difficulty breathing. The client is lying in bed & is already receiving oxygen therapy via nasal cannula. Which of the following interventions is the nurse's priority? A. Increase the oxygen flow B. Assist the client to Fowler's position C. Promote removal of pulmonary secretions D. Obtain a specimen for arterial blood gases - - correct ans- - B Fowler's facilitates better breathing A nurse is caring for a client who is having difficulty breathing. The client is lying in bed & is already receiving oxygen therapy via nasal cannula. Which of the following interventions is the nurse's priority? A. Increase the oxygen flow B. Assist the client to Fowler's position C. Promote removal of pulmonary secretions D. Obtain a specimen for arterial blood gases - - correct ans- - B Fowler's facilitates better breathing A nurse is preparing to preform endotracheal suctioning for a client. Which of the following are appropriate guidelines for the nurse to follow? Select all. A. Apply suction while withdrawing the catheter B. Perform suctioning on a routine basis, Q2-3 hours C. Maintain medical asepsis during suctioning D. Use a new catheter for each suctioning attempt
E. Limit suctioning to 2-3 attempts - - correct ans- - A, D, E B-Suctioning is not w/out risk so it should be done as needed, not routinely. C-endotracheal suctioning requires surgical asepsis A nurse is preparing to preform endotracheal suctioning for a client. Which of the following are appropriate guidelines for the nurse to follow? Select all. A. Apply suction while withdrawing the catheter B. Perform suctioning on a routine basis, Q2-3 hours C. Maintain medical asepsis during suctioning D. Use a new catheter for each suctioning attempt E. Limit suctioning to 2-3 attempts - - correct ans- - A, D, E B-Suctioning is not w/out risk so it should be done as needed, not routinely. C-endotracheal suctioning requires surgical asepsis A nurse is caring for a client who has a tracheostomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take each time he provides tracheostomy care? Select all. A. Apply the oxygen source loosely if the SPO2 decreases during the procedure B. Use surgical asepsis to remove & clean the inner cannula C. Clean the outer surfaces in a circular motion from the stoma site onward D. Replace the tracheostomy ties w/new ties E. Cut a slit in gauze squares to place beneath the tube holder. - - correct ans- - A, B, C D-only replace ties if soiled or wet
E-use a commercially prepared gauze w/slit not one nurse makes A nurse is caring for a client who has a tracheostomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take each time he provides tracheostomy care? Select all. A. Apply the oxygen source loosely if the SPO2 decreases during the procedure B. Use surgical asepsis to remove & clean the inner cannula C. Clean the outer surfaces in a circular motion from the stoma site onward D. Replace the tracheostomy ties w/new ties E. Cut a slit in gauze squares to place beneath the tube holder. - - correct ans- - A, B, C D-only replace ties if soiled or wet E-use a commercially prepared gauze w/slit not one nurse makes A provider is discharging a client with a prescription from home oxygen therapy via nasal cannula. Client & family teaching by the nurse should include which of the following? Select all. A. Apply petroleum jelly around the inside of the nares B. Remove the nasal cannula during mealtimes C. Check the position of the cannula often D. Report any nasal stuffiness, nausea, or fatigue E. Post "no smoking" signs in a prominent location - - correct ans- - C, D, E A provider is discharging a client with a prescription from home oxygen therapy via nasal cannula. Client & family teaching by the nurse should include which of the following? Select all.
A. Apply petroleum jelly around the inside of the nares B. Remove the nasal cannula during mealtimes C. Check the position of the cannula often D. Report any nasal stuffiness, nausea, or fatigue E. Post "no smoking" signs in a prominent location - - correct ans- - C, D, E A nurse is delivering an enteral feeding to a client who has an NG tube in place for intermittent feedings. When the nurse pours water into the syringe after the formula drains from the syringe, the client asks the nurse why the water is necessary. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse? A. "Water helps clear the tube so it doesn't get clogged." B. "Flushing helps make sure the tube stays in place." C. "This will help you get enough fluids." D. "Adding water makes the formula less concentrated." - - correct ans- - A this action clears the excess formula preventing any clumps/clogging A nurse is delivering an enteral feeding to a client who has an NG tube in place for intermittent feedings. When the nurse pours water into the syringe after the formula drains from the syringe, the client asks the nurse why the water is necessary. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse? A. "Water helps clear the tube so it doesn't get clogged." B. "Flushing helps make sure the tube stays in place." C. "This will help you get enough fluids." D. "Adding water makes the formula less concentrated." - - correct ans- - A this action clears the excess formula preventing any clumps/clogging
A nurse is preparing to instill an enteral feeding to a client who has an NG tube in place. Which of the following is the nurse's highest assessment priority before performing this procedure? A. Check how long the feeding container has been opened B. Verify the placement of the NG tube C. Confirm that the client doesn't have diarrhea D. Make sure the client is alert & oriented - - correct ans- - B the greatest risk is aspiration so verifying the placement of the tube is most important A nurse is preparing to instill an enteral feeding to a client who has an NG tube in place. Which of the following is the nurse's highest assessment priority before performing this procedure? A. Check how long the feeding container has been opened B. Verify the placement of the NG tube C. Confirm that the client doesn't have diarrhea D. Make sure the client is alert & oriented - - correct ans- - B the greatest risk is aspiration so verifying the placement of the tube is most important A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral feedings. Which of the following nursing interventions is the highest priority when the nurse suspects aspiration of the feeding? A. Auscultate breath sounds B. Stop the feeding C. Obtain a chest xray
D. Initiate oxygen therapy - - correct ans- - B. Stop the feeding A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral feedings. Which of the following nursing interventions is the highest priority when the nurse suspects aspiration of the feeding? A. Auscultate breath sounds B. Stop the feeding C. Obtain a chest xray D. Initiate oxygen therapy - - correct ans- - B. Stop the feeding A nurse is caring for a client in a long-term care facility who is receiving enteral feedings via NG tube. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing action prior to administering the tube feeding? Select all. A. Auscultate bowel sounds. B. Assist the client to an upright position. C. Test the pH of gastric aspirate. D. Warm the formula to body temp. E. Discard any residual gastric contents. - - correct ans- - A, B, C D-the formula should be room temp not body E-unless the volume of the contents is more than 250 mL, the nurse should return the residual content to the client's stomach A nurse is caring for a client in a long-term care facility who is receiving enteral feedings via NG tube. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing action prior to administering the tube feeding? Select all.
A. Auscultate bowel sounds. B. Assist the client to an upright position. C. Test the pH of gastric aspirate. D. Warm the formula to body temp. E. Discard any residual gastric contents. - - correct ans- - A, B, C D-the formula should be room temp not body E-unless the volume of the contents is more than 250 mL, the nurse should return the residual content to the client's stomach A nurse is preparing to insert an NG tube for a client who requires gastric decompression. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform prior to beginning the procedure? Select all. A. Review a signal the client can use if feeling any distress B. Lay a towel across the client's chest C. Administer oral pain meds D. Obtain a Dobhoff tube for insertion E. Have a petroleum-based lubricant available - - correct ans- - A, B A nurse is preparing to insert an NG tube for a client who requires gastric decompression. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform prior to beginning the procedure? Select all. A. Review a signal the client can use if feeling any distress B. Lay a towel across the client's chest
C. Administer oral pain meds D. Obtain a Dobhoff tube for insertion E. Have a petroleum-based lubricant available - - correct ans- - A, B An adolescent who has diabetes mellitus is 2 days postop following an appendectomy. The client is tolerating a regular diet. He has ambulated successfully around the unit w/assistance. He requests pain meds Q 6-8 hr while reporting pain at a 2 on a scale of 1- 10 after receiving the med. His incision is approximated & free of redness, w/scant serous drainage on the dressing. Which of the following risk factors for poor wound healing does this client have? Select all. A. Extremes in age B. Impaired circulation C. Impaired/suppressed immune system D. Malnutrition E. Poor wound care - - correct ans- - B, C An adolescent who has diabetes mellitus is 2 days postop following an appendectomy. The client is tolerating a regular diet. He has ambulated successfully around the unit w/assistance. He requests pain meds Q 6-8 hr while reporting pain at a 2 on a scale of 1- 10 after receiving the med. His incision is approximated & free of redness, w/scant serous drainage on the dressing. Which of the following risk factors for poor wound healing does this client have? Select all. A. Extremes in age B. Impaired circulation C. Impaired/suppressed immune system D. Malnutrition E. Poor wound care - - correct ans- - B, C
A nurse is assessing a client who is 5 days post op following abd. surgery. The surgeon suspects an incisional wound infection & has prescribed antibiotic therapy for the nurse to initiate after collecting wound & blood specimens for culture & sensitivity. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect? Select all. A. Increase in incisional pain B. Fever & chills C. Reddened wound edges D. Increase in serosanguineous drainage E. Decrease in thirst - - correct ans- - A, B, C A nurse is assessing a client who is 5 days post op following abd. surgery. The surgeon suspects an incisional wound infection & has prescribed antibiotic therapy for the nurse to initiate after collecting wound & blood specimens for culture & sensitivity. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect? Select all. A. Increase in incisional pain B. Fever & chills C. Reddened wound edges D. Increase in serosanguineous drainage E. Decrease in thirst - - correct ans- - A, B, C A nursing instructor is reviewing the wound healing process w/a group of nursing students. They should be able to identify which of the following alterations as a wound or injury that heals by secondary intention? Select all. A. Stage III pressure ulcer
B. Sutured surgical incision C. Casted bone fracture D. Laceration sealed w/adhesive E. Open burn area - - correct ans- - A, E B and D are healed w/primary intention C is not a skin wound unless bone has pierced the skin A nursing instructor is reviewing the wound healing process w/a group of nursing students. They should be able to identify which of the following alterations as a wound or injury that heals by secondary intention? Select all. A. Stage III pressure ulcer B. Sutured surgical incision C. Casted bone fracture D. Laceration sealed w/adhesive E. Open burn area - - correct ans- - A, E B and D are healed w/primary intention C is not a skin wound unless bone has pierced the skin A client who had abd. surgery 24 hr ago reports a pulling sensation & pain in his surgical incision. The nurse checks the client's surgical wound & finds the wound separated w/viscera protruding. Which of the following interventions is appropriate? Select all. A. Cover the area w/saline-soaked sterile dressings B. Apply an abdominal binder snugly around the abd.
C. Use sterile gloves to apply gentle pressure to the exposed tissues D. Position the client supine w/his hips & knees bent E. Offer the client a warm beverage, such as herbal tea - - correct ans- - A, D A client who had abd. surgery 24 hr ago reports a pulling sensation & pain in his surgical incision. The nurse checks the client's surgical wound & finds the wound separated w/viscera protruding. Which of the following interventions is appropriate? Select all. A. Cover the area w/saline-soaked sterile dressings B. Apply an abdominal binder snugly around the abd. C. Use sterile gloves to apply gentle pressure to the exposed tissues D. Position the client supine w/his hips & knees bent E. Offer the client a warm beverage, such as herbal tea - - correct ans- - A, D A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is at risk for developing pressure ulcers. Which of the following interventions should the nurse use to help maintain the integrity of the client's skin? Select all. A. Keep the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees B. Massage the client's bony prominences often C. Apply cornstarch liberally to the skin after bathing D. Have the client sit on a gel cushion when in a chair E. Reposition the client at least Q 3 hr while in bed - - correct ans- - A, D not E because it should be at least every 2 hours
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is at risk for developing pressure ulcers. Which of the following interventions should the nurse use to help maintain the integrity of the client's skin? Select all. A. Keep the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees B. Massage the client's bony prominences often C. Apply cornstarch liberally to the skin after bathing D. Have the client sit on a gel cushion when in a chair E. Reposition the client at least Q 3 hr while in bed - - correct ans- - A, D not E because it should be at least every 2 hours 102 - - correct ans- - 102 - - correct ans- -