NYREI Exam Questions with Answers-Best Rated, Exams of Nursing

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NYREI Exam Questions with Answers-Best

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1. employee - Correct Answer someone who works under the direction and control of another
2. independent contractor - Correct Answer individual who is self employed
3. statutory employee - Correct Answer independent contractors specifically classified as employees by statute for social security and medicare taxes
4. statutory non-employees - Correct Answer direct sellers and licenses real estate agents; treated as independent contracts for all tax purposes if certain conditions are met
5. administrative discipline - Correct Answer The New York Department of State's enforcement of license laws through reprimand and denial as well as the suspension and revocation of licenses.
6. article 12-a - Correct Answer Article of New York Real Property Law, which contains most of the laws relevant to real estate brokers and salespeople.
7. article 78 proceeding - Correct Answer Refers to an article of the Civil Practice Law and Rules that allows aggrieved persons to bring an action against a government body or officer.
8. associate broker - Correct Answer A licensed broker who works for another broker.
9. blind ad - Correct Answer An ad placed by a real estate licensee that does not include the appropriate broker indentification, often placed in order to give the illusion that property is for sale by owner.
10. broker - Correct Answer a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission
11. commingling - Correct Answer Illegally mixing deposits or monies, collected from a client, with one's personal or business account. Taking money out too soon or putting it into escrow too late (10 banking days).

12. continuing education - Correct Answer Formal education by a working professional to improve or maintain professional competence (fair housing laws, etc)
13. dual agent - Correct Answer An agent who represents both buyer and seller in the same transaction.
14. dual licensure - Correct Answer When real estate licensees hold more than one license at a time.
15. escrow - Correct Answer a written agreement (or property or money) delivered to a third party or put in trust by one party to a contract to be returned after fulfillment of some condition
16. exemption - Correct Answer a deduction allowed to a taxpayer because of his status (having certain dependents or being blind or being over 65 etc.), immunity from an obligation or duty
17. irrevocable consent - Correct Answer An agreement filed by an out - of - state broker stating that suits and actions may be brought against the broker in the state where license is sought.
18. kickback - Correct Answer an illegal payment of money made in return for a favor or service, an arrangement in which contractors padded the amount of their bill for city work and paid, or "kicked back" a percentage of that amount to the political bosses.
19. listing agreement - Correct Answer a contract between owner and broker (as agent) where broker is employed to find a buyer on the owner's terms
20. misdemeanor - Correct Answer a crime or offense that is less serious than a felony; any minor misbehavior or misconduct
21. multiple listing service - Correct Answer marketing organization whose broker members make their own exclusive listings available to other brokers; sellers gain because of larger exposure.
22. net listing agreement - Correct Answer A listing agreement in which the seller sets a net amount acceptable for a property; if the actual selling price exceeds that amount, the broker is entitled to keep the excess as commission; illegal in NY.
23. office manager - Correct Answer A licensed associate real estate broker who elects to work as an office manager under the name and supersvision of another broker in order to supervice a branch office.

24. pocket card - Correct Answer When a new license or a license renewal is issued, a wallet sized card identifying the holder as a real estate licensee accompanies it. The R.E.C. requires that the licensee obtain this card from the broker, sign it and carry it when conducting real estate business.
25. real estate appraiser - Correct Answer A person licensed by the Department of State who is specially trained to offer an unbiased value of real property.
26. real estate salesperson - Correct Answer A person other than another licensed broker employed by a real estate broker to perform any act authorized to be performed by a real estate broker.
27. reciprocity - Correct Answer when states allow licensees to use their license in other states
28. revocation - Correct Answer the act (by someone having the authority) of annulling something previously done (real estate license)
29. sponsoring broker - Correct Answer The principal broker in a real estate firm,who undertakes to train and supervise associated licensees.
30. suspension - Correct Answer a temporary debarment (from a privilege or position etc)
31. violation - Correct Answer an act that disregards an agreement or a right
32. accountability - Correct Answer the responsibilities of an agent to their client
33. actual fraud - Correct Answer intentional misrepresentation, concealment, negligent misrepresentation
34. agency - Correct Answer relationship of trust created when one person (client) gives another person (agent) the right to represent them in dealings with third parties
35. agency disclosure form - Correct Answer Form that states whether an agent is representing the seller or the buyer, or both, in a transaction.
36. agency relationship - Correct Answer the representation of a party in a real estate transaction
37. antitrust - Correct Answer a business activity that attempts to monopolize contract, or conspire (or any of these things together) in a way that negatively affects another's ability to do business

38. brokerage - Correct Answer the business of bringing together buyers and sellers of real property and assisting in negotiating such transactions
39. broker's agent - Correct Answer engaged and works directly for the broker - a broker's agent is not a subagent of the seller or buyer. still owes the same fiduciary duty to the broker's seller or buyer the broker does
40. broker protection clause - Correct Answer the property owner will compensate the listing broker if, within a specified number of days after the listing expires, the owner sells the property to someone with whom the broker negotiated during the original term of the listing.
41. buyer broker contract - Correct Answer a written agency contract between a buyer and a real estate broker stipulating the broker will be paid a commission when the buyer purchases real estate
42. buyer's agent - Correct Answer A broker who represents a buyer in a real estate transaction.
43. client - Correct Answer someone who employs a broker, lawyer, or other professional. real estate clients can be sellers buyers or both
44. confidentiality - Correct Answer discretion in keeping secret information
45. consensual dual agency - Correct Answer Occurs when 1. the broker and all licensees are dual agents for both parties in the transaction 2. the buyer and seller each appoint a designated agent, who fully represents them. The broker, however, would (with consent) act as a dual agent in the transaction.
46. constructive fraud - Correct Answer Negligent misrepresentation or concealment of a material fact intended or not
47. cooperating broker - Correct Answer Brings the buyer to the transaction (represents the buyer) from another company. The listing broker and the cooperating broker may be the same person/firm.
48. customer - Correct Answer a party in a transaction to whom an agent does not have a fiduciary duty or relationship, but to whom an agent must still be fair and honest.
49. designated agency - Correct Answer used when a transaction is an in-house sale (when one agent from firm X represents the buyer and another agent from firm X represents the seller)
50. disclosure - Correct Answer points or facts in a real estate transaction

51. dual agency - Correct Answer Representing both parties to a transaction. This is unethical unless both parties agree to it, and it is illegal in many states
52. estoppel - Correct Answer a rule of evidence whereby a person is barred from denying the truth of a fact that has already been settled
53. exclusive agency - Correct Answer broker is the exclusive agent for the seller. The owner may sell, but the broker will be entitled to a commission only if he/she is successful in selling the property
54. exclusive right to sell - Correct Answer one principal broker is designated to represent the seller and receive a commission when the buyer is found, regardless of who finds the buyer.
55. expressed agency - Correct Answer Authority expressly communicated, in words or in writing, by the principal to the agent. Also called "EXPRESS AUTHORITY"
56. fiduciary duties - Correct Answer The duties of obedience, care, and loyalty owed by directors and officers to their corporation and its shareholders.
57. fiduciary relationship - Correct Answer Relationship of trust and confidence between principal and agent; agent owes duties of care, obedience, accounting, loyalty and disclosure
58. first substantive contact - Correct Answer An event triggering agency disclosure(e.g., prior to entering into a listing agreement, prior to showing a property, at an open house when a buyer displays serious interest, etc.)
59. fraud - Correct Answer deliberate deception to secure an unfair gain.
60. general agent - Correct Answer someone authorized to transact every kind of business for the principal
61. implied agency - Correct Answer Agency which is created through the actions of the parties , rather than through an express agreement. Also called implied agency.
62. adverse possession - Correct Answer Possession of another's land as if the owner for a statutory period which may lead to acquiring title, 10 years in ny
63. dominant tenement - Correct Answer The tract that benefits from the easement
64. easement - Correct Answer (law) the privilege of using something that is not your own (as using another's land as a right of way to your own land)

65. easement appurtenant - Correct Answer Easement that is intended to benefit the property of the easement holder
66. easement by condemnation - Correct Answer An easement created by the government of government agency that has exercised the right under eminent domain
67. easement by express grant - Correct Answer easement given in a deed by the original owner to provide a means of access for the purchaser of one part of the land
68. easement by implication - Correct Answer Occurs because of necessity, such as the conveyance of a land-locked property.
69. easement by necessity - Correct Answer An easement allowed by law as necessary for the full enjoyment of a parcel of real estate; for example, a right of ingress and egress over a grantor's land
70. easement by prescription - Correct Answer • A right to use another's property that is inconsistent with the owner's rights and that is acquired by a use-open and notorious, adverse and continuous-for the statutory period. To a certain extent, it resembles title by adverse possession but differs to the extent that the adverse user acquires only an easement and not title.
71. easement for light and air - Correct Answer Abutting owners attempt to purchase rights to light and air over a neighbor's property.
72. easement in gross - Correct Answer A personal right to use the land of another.
73. encroachment - Correct Answer entry to another's property without right or permission
74. encumbrance - Correct Answer any obstruction that impedes or is burdensome
75. general lien - Correct Answer A lien that attaches to all property owned by an individual. Real and personal.
76. involuntary lien - Correct Answer A lien placed on property without the consent of the property owner.
77. license - Correct Answer the act of giving a formal (usually written) authorization
78. lis pendens - Correct Answer a pending lawsuit

79. mechanics's lien/materialman's lien - Correct Answer Lien imposed by law on real property to secure payment for work performed or materials furnished for the construction, repair or alteration of improvements on the real property
80. mortgage - Correct Answer a conditional conveyance of property as security for the repayment of a loan
81. nonpossessory interest - Correct Answer In the context of real property, an interest in land that does not include any right to possess the property.
82. party wall easement - Correct Answer A wall that is located on a boundary line between two adjoining parcels of land.
83. right of way - Correct Answer the privilege of someone to pass over land belonging to someone else
84. service tenement - Correct Answer the land or tenement over which an easement or other encumbrance is exercised by the dominant tenement
85. specific lien - Correct Answer A lien that is secured by a specific parcel of property and affects only that particular property
86. subordination agreement - Correct Answer An agreement by the holder of an encumbrance against real property to permit that claim to take an inferior position to other encumbrances against the property.
87. tax lien - Correct Answer A charge against property, created by operation of law. Tax liens and assessments take priority over all other liens.
88. voluntary lien - Correct Answer a lien created intentionally by the property owners action, such as when someone takes out a mortgage loan
89. acknowledgement - Correct Answer using a notary public to demonstrate that a document was voluntarily signed....
90. adverse possession - Correct Answer getting the title so someone else's real property by possessing it. possession must be open and notorious, hostile and adverse, exclusive, and continuous for a prescribed number of years (10 in NY)
91. bargain and sale deed - Correct Answer A deed that carries with it no warranties against liens or other encumbrances but that does imply that the grantor has the right to convey title. The grantor may add warranties to the deed at his or her discretion
92. block and lot - Correct Answer legal description used for platted property which is land that has been subdivided into blocks and lots.

93. consideration - Correct Answer anything of value such as money, goods, services, or promises given to induct another person to enter a contractor
94. conveyance - Correct Answer document effecting a property transfer
95. dedication - Correct Answer a gift of land from an owner to the government
96. deed - Correct Answer the official document transferring ownership from seller to buyer
97. devise - Correct Answer real property transferred in a will, to transfer real property by a will
98. delivery and acceptance - Correct Answer when the grantor delivers the deed and the grantee accepts the deed. this is necessary for conveyance of title.
99. executor - Correct Answer a person appointed by a testator to carry out the terms of the will
100. foreclosure - Correct Answer when a bank takes back a property and auctions it off to recover the unpaid loan amount
101. full covenant and warranty deed - Correct Answer A deed that provides the greatest protection, in which the grantor makes five legal Promises (covenants of seisin, quiet enjoyment, further assurances, warranty forever, against encumbrances) that the grantee's ownership will be unchallenged,
102. grant - Correct Answer transfer by deed
103. grantee - Correct Answer a recipient of a grant
104. grantor - Correct Answer The person transferring title to or an interest in real property to a grantee
105. habendum clause - Correct Answer that part of deed which begins "to hand and to hold"; defines extent of ownership
106. involuntary alienation - Correct Answer means the grantor (owner of the property) did not have a choice; that the law determined that the property would be transferred as in eminent domain or other government interferences.
107. metes and bounds - Correct Answer Legal description that begins at a well marked point and follows the boundaries around the tract, back to the place of beginning

108. plat - Correct Answer a detailed survey map of a subdivision recorded in the county where the land is located
109. quitclaim deed - Correct Answer document transferring title or right or claim to another
110. referee's deed - Correct Answer Awarded by auctioneer (referee) when property is bought at auction. Carries no warranties but implies grantor has legal title.
111. sheriff's deed - Correct Answer an instrument drawn under court order to convey title to property sold to satisfy a judgment
112. survey - Correct Answer the process of locating and measuring the boundaries of a property, and identifying improvements, encroachments, and easements associate with the land
113. voluntary alienation - Correct Answer Voluntary transfer of title to Real Estate property, either a gift or selling of property
114. abstract of title - Correct Answer A history of the ownership of a parcel of land which lists transfers of title, rights, and liabilities.
115. actual notice - Correct Answer The actual knowledge that a person has about the existence of a particular fact.
116. chain of title - Correct Answer Succession of conveyances from some accepted starting point, whereby the present hold of title derives the title, there should be no "breaks" in the succession
117. closing statement - Correct Answer Detailed cash accounting of a real estate transaction showing all cash received, all charges and credits made and all cash paid out in the transaction
118. cloud on the title - Correct Answer any outstanding claim or encumbrance which would, if valid, affect or impair the owner's title to a particular estate. While the cloud remains, the owner is prevented from conveying marketable title
119. construct notice - Correct Answer provides protection to a landowner against all unrecorded titles
120. credits - Correct Answer money received for an obligation given
121. debits - Correct Answer charges against an account

122. hud-1 settlement statement - Correct Answer A closing statement or settlement sheet that outlines all closing costs on a real estate transaction or refinancing.
123. marketable title - Correct Answer Good or clear title, reasonably free from the risk of litigation over possible defects
124. proration - Correct Answer Dividing property taxes, hazard insurance and other expenses or income between the buyer and seller, as of date of settlement.
125. real estate settlement procedures act (respa) - Correct Answer A federal law requiring the disclosure to borrowers of settlement (closing) procedures and costs by means of a pamphlet and forms prescribed by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development., A federal law requiring lenders to provide information on all costs associated with closing a residential loan within three business days of the loan application, to use the HUD-1 closing statement, to limit required escrow deposits, and to avoid kickbacks on loan- related services.
126. reconciliation - Correct Answer verifying debits and credits have been added and subtracted correctly on a real estate settlement statement
127. settlement statement - Correct Answer A statement listing the funds required at closing, which should be furnished to the buyer by the real estate broker at least one business day before closing for review.
128. survey - Correct Answer the process of locating an measuring the boundaries of a property, and identifying improvements, encroachments, and easements associated with the land
129. title - Correct Answer actual document showing that you own a property
130. title insurance - Correct Answer a type of insurance that protects the buyer in case problems with the title are found later
131. title search - Correct Answer an examination of documents recording title to the property to ensure the owner has a clear title
132. listing agreement - Correct Answer A contract between an owner (as Principal) and a real estate broker (as agent) by which the broker is employed as agent to find a buyer for the owner's real estate on the owner's terms, for which service the owner agrees to pay a commission
133. loyalty - Correct Answer gotta stay loyal to the clients and customers that you represent/service

134. misrepresentation - Correct Answer stating an untrue fact
135. negligence - Correct Answer carelessness
136. net listing - Correct Answer ..., A listing based on the net price the seller will receive if the property is sold. Under a net listing the broker can offer the property for sale at the highest price obtainable to increase the commission. This type of listing is illegal in many states.
137. non solicitation orders - Correct Answer prohibits the solicitation of residential property listings, and applies to all real estate brokers and agents; ruled unconstitutional by the us court of appeals
138. obedience - Correct Answer the agent must act with obedience and obey all legal and reasonable instructions from the client
139. offer of compensation - Correct Answer The commission that will be paid on the sale of property.
140. open listing - Correct Answer Multiple agents; only the selling agent (broker) entitled to commission; seller retains right to sell independently without obligation to pay anyone a commission
141. ostensible agency - Correct Answer A form of implied agency relationship created by the actions of the parties involved rather than by written agreement or document
142. price fixing - Correct Answer an antitrust violation in which competitors set a standard commission rate
143. principal - Correct Answer buyer or seller
144. procuring cause - Correct Answer In order to be paid, the broker starts an uninterrupted chain of events that results in a sale
145. renunciation - Correct Answer when someone who has been granted something or has accepted something later gives it up or rejects it; as when an agent withdraws from the agency relationship
146. revocation - Correct Answer The termination of a licensee's privilege to practice real estate
147. self-dealing - Correct Answer agent buys principal's property himself or sells it to a relative, friend or associate, w/o disclosing that fact to principal, in violation of fiduciary duties, earns secret profit

148. stigmatized property - Correct Answer properties that do not have any physical defects but have become less marketable because they were the scene of a crime, suicide, or other undesirable event
149. subagent - Correct Answer the party to whom an agent delegates some of his/her authority
150. tie-in arrangement - Correct Answer requiring the consumer as a condition of a transaction to use ore not use a particular service or product, illegal in NY
151. undisclosed dual agency - Correct Answer Representation of both principal parties in the same transaction without full written disclosure ;and approval from all parties.
152. undivided loyalty - Correct Answer A fiduciary obligation that is given up by both the buyer and seller when they consent to dual agency.
153. appurtenance - Correct Answer a right that goes with real property ownership usually transferred with the property but may be sold separately
154. beneficiary - Correct Answer the recipient of funds or other benefits
155. bundle of legal rights - Correct Answer Ownership of all legal rights: control, possession, use, disposition, enjoyment
156. chattel - Correct Answer personal as opposed to real property
157. emblements - Correct Answer Annual, harvestable crops such as corn, wheat; personal property
158. fee on condition - Correct Answer the previous owner forbids or restricts you from doing something or the ownership is voidable
159. fee simple estate - Correct Answer The complete ownership of a property; may be either absolute or conditional.
160. fixture - Correct Answer a object firmly fixed in place (especially in a household)
161. joint tenancy - Correct Answer Co-ownership of real estate; when one of the owners dies, that interest goes to the remaining owners (right of survivorship)
162. land - Correct Answer territory over which rule or control is exercised

163. leasehold estate - Correct Answer Tenant's right to occupy real estate during the term of a lease, generally considered to be a personal property interest
164. life/estate/life estate pur autre vie - Correct Answer Also known as the estate for the life of another.The estate is owned for the lifetime of some named third party. Example: A farmer gives farm to a daughter in law for benefit of grandchildren. If the grandchildren die, the property automatically reverts back to the farmer or a third person.
165. littoral rights - Correct Answer (1) A land owner's claim to use water in large navigable lakes and ocean's adjacent to his or her property. (2) The ownership rights to land bordering these bodies of water up to the high water mark.
166. parcel - Correct Answer piece of real estate
167. partition - Correct Answer allows any co-owner to end a joint tenancy
168. personal property - Correct Answer Movable objects, not real property, sometimes called chattels, such as cars, cash, stock
169. possessory interest - Correct Answer any entitlement that gives one the right to the land at a given moment. The holder has the right to possess the land now.
170. qualified fee - Correct Answer .ownership with terms or conditions which if violated could cause the ownership to be defeated or terminated
171. real property - Correct Answer .property consisting of houses and land
172. right of survivorship - Correct Answer .When a joint tenant dies, his or her interest passes to the remaining owners of the property; becomes an issue only at death of one of the owners
173. riparian rights - Correct Answer Owner's rights in land that borders on or includes a stream, river or lake. Rights include access to and use of the water
174. severalty - Correct Answer Ownership of real estate by one person only; although a corporation (single entity) can own in severalty
175. tenancy by the entirety - Correct Answer A special joint tenancy between a lawfully married husband and wife, which places all title to property (real or personal) into the marital unit, with both spouses having an equal undivided interest in the whole property. In essence, each spouse owns the ENTIRE estate.

176. tenancy in common - Correct Answer A form of ownership where owners have full rights of possession, but each owner can have a different percent of ownership. Upon the death of one, that interest goes to the heirs.
177. trade fixture - Correct Answer Articles installed by a tenant and removable by the tenant before the lease term expires. if not removed they become the real property of the building owner by accession.
178. undivided interest - Correct Answer the interest in property owned by tenants whereby each tenants an equal right to enjoy the entire property
179. unities of possession, interest, time and title - Correct Answer 4 unities required to form a joint tenancy whereby all people share equally and simultaneously in these conditions.
180. abutting property - Correct Answer Directly contiguous properties, sharing at least one common boundary.
181. accessory apartment - Correct Answer An apartment within a single- family dwelling.
182. accessory use - Correct Answer An additional apartment, usually small, sometimes allowed in an area zoned for one-family homes, which might be used for elderly grandparents; an accessory use would be something in addition to occupation of a home, possibly a small home business.
183. area variance - Correct Answer area variance allows a property to be excluded from the physical site requirements under the zoning ordinance. For example, an area variance would allow a property owner to build his or her house with only a 20 foot front setback instead of the required 25 foot setback.
184. as of right zoning - Correct Answer Prohibits discrimination
185. among landowners in a particular zone.
186. census tract - Correct Answer An area delineated by the us bureau of the census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods
187. certificate of occupancy - Correct Answer Issued upon the satisfactory inspection of a structure; building is fit for occupancy and there are no building code violations
188. cluster zoning - Correct Answer A type of zoning that permits a developer to reduce the minimum lot size below the requirements of the zoning ordinance, if the land gained thereby is preserved as permanent, community open space.

189. condemnation - Correct Answer (law) the act of condemning (as land forfeited for public use) or judging to be unfit for use (as a food product or an unsafe building)
190. deed restriction - Correct Answer Clause in deed limiting future use of property; may limit density of buildings, dictate types of structures or even prevent buildings from being used for a specific purpose
191. demography - Correct Answer The scientific study of population characteristics
192. doctrine of laches - Correct Answer If you don't bring claim during correct time could cause you to loose your rights
193. eminent domain - Correct Answer the right of the state to take private property for public use
194. escheat - Correct Answer the property that reverts to the state
195. group home - Correct Answer A special home where people with disorders or disabilities (or the elderly) live and are taught self-help, living, and working skills.
196. incentive zoning - Correct Answer .encourages private developers to provide amenities for public use in exchange for opportunity to build larger or taller structures on a site
197. infrastructure - Correct Answer the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, communications, transportation, water, sanitation, and education systems
198. lead agency - Correct Answer the agency under the state environmental quality review act principally responsible for determining whether an environmental impact statement is required in connection with the action and for the preparation and filing of the statement if required
199. moratorium - Correct Answer suspends the right of property owner to obtain development approval while local legislatures consider, draft, and adopt land use regulations or rules to respond to new or changing circumstances not adequately dealt with by current laws
200. nys office of parks, recreation, and historic preservation, (oprhp) - Correct Answer oversees public recreation areas and administers federal and state preservation projects

201. nys uniform fire prevention and building code - Correct Answer sets forth the construction, materials, safety, and sanitary standards for buildings in NY as well as standards for the condition, occupancy, maintenance, rehabilitation, and renewal of existing buildings
202. nonconforming use - Correct Answer A pre-existing use of land which does not conform to the zoning ordinance but which may legally remain.
203. plat - Correct Answer a map showing planned or actual features of an area (streets and building lots etc.)
204. police power - Correct Answer state power to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals
205. restrictive covenant - Correct Answer a limitation on real property use, impose by the owner, a promise to do or not to do an act relating to real property.
206. setback requirements - Correct Answer the amount of distance between the property border and the location of the structure.
207. special use permit - Correct Answer conditional-use permit; allows a particular property to be used for a special purpose which is in the public interest ex. church or hospital in a residential area
208. spot zoning - Correct Answer ..., When a particular property or group of properties is rezoned to permit a use different form the neighboring properties use.
209. subdivision regulations - Correct Answer ..., Control of how property can be divided; must submit plans, have proposed legal description
210. surveys - Correct Answer the process of locating and measuring the boundaries of a property, and identifying improvements, encroachments, and easements associated with the land
211. taking - Correct Answer when the government acquires private property for public use by appropriation. The difference between a "taking" and eminent domain is that the property is regulated by a government authority to the economic detriment of the owner, without compensation
212. topography - Correct Answer the physical characteristics of the contour of a parcel of land
213. transfer of development rights - Correct Answer the exchange of zoning privileges from areas with low population needs to areas of high population needs

214. use variance - Correct Answer allows landowners to use their land in a way that is not permitted under current zoning laws. This type of variance is granted only in cases on unnecessary hardship. TO prove unnecessary hardship, owners must establish that the requested variance meets four statutorily prescribed conditions
215. vacant land - Correct Answer Land or site that is unimproved and that does not have any structures
216. variance - Correct Answer a form of administrative relief that allows property to be used in a way that does not comply with literal requirements of the zoning ordinance. There are two basic types of variances: use variance and area variances
217. zoning ordinance - Correct Answer A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community
218. amperage/voltage - Correct Answer .amount of electricity going through electric wires, measured in amps, a measure of the force that pushes electricity through a wire
219. balloon construction - Correct Answer An older type or wood frame construction in which the wall studs extend vertically from the basement of a structure to the roof without any fire stops. no longer permitted
220. basement - Correct Answer part of a house or building partially or entirely below ground level and used to support the rest of the structure
221. beam - Correct Answer .long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction
222. bearing walls - Correct Answer A wall that supports any vertical load in addition to its own weight (the ceiling)
223. blueprint - Correct Answer ..a detailed outline or plan for a building
224. British thermal unit (btu) - Correct Answer .The amount of heat require to change the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at sea level.
225. building codes - Correct Answer Standards for construction and safety of buildings

226. building envelope - Correct Answer sometimes called a building shell, the building envelope refers to the exterior eleme4nts - walls, windows, floor, roof, etc - which enclose the interior
227. building inspection - Correct Answer Performed by local government inspectors before a certificate of occupancy is issued to assure that the structure satisfies code requirements
228. circuit breaker - Correct Answer switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload
229. concrete slab - Correct Answer Flat, rectangular, reinforced concrete structural member; especially used for floors, roofs, pads, etc
230. crawl space - Correct Answer .the space between the ground surface and the first floor; frequently found in homes w/o basements that are not built on a slab foundation
231. drywall/plasterboard/sheetrock/wallboard - Correct Answer gypsum plaster sandwiched between two layers of coarse paper. aka plasterboard, sheetrock, wallboard
232. eave - Correct Answer lowest sections of the roof, which project beyond the sidewalls
233. fascia - Correct Answer a panel of board facing the outer edge of the soffit
234. flashing - Correct Answer material used to cover joints where two or more types of materials join together for the purpose of preventing water from penetrating the joining (e.g. metal over the seam between a brick chimney and a shingle roof)
235. footer - Correct Answer the underground base, usually concrete, that supports a foundation
236. foundation walls - Correct Answer the sidewalls that support a structure, typically made of poured concrete, concrete block, or brick...
237. fuse - Correct Answer a protective device for a wiring system that contains a wire designed to melt and open the circuit when overheating occurs
238. girder - Correct Answer the main support beam of a structure spanning the foundation walls

239. headers - Correct Answer in construction, reinforcements made of wood for door and window placement aka lintels
240. joists - Correct Answer long beams of wood or steel that span the piers of a foundation (floor joists) or the load bearing walls of a roof (ceiling joists)
241. lally column - Correct Answer steel support columns filled with concrete
242. percolation rate - Correct Answer the rate at which water moves through soil
243. pitch - Correct Answer a roof's vertical rise in inches, divided by its horizontal span in feet
244. platform framing - Correct Answer a type of framing used to build a house or building one store at a time with each story serving as a platform for the next
245. post and beam framing - Correct Answer a type of framing with the floor for higher stories and the roof supported by beams that sit on top of posts and the outside wall perimeter aka post and beam framing
246. rafter - Correct Answer sloped support beams that follow the pitch of the roof and serve to hold the outer roof covering
247. r-factor - Correct Answer a way to measure the insulating value or resistance to heat flow through a material or an object. The more effective the insulation, the higher the r-factor it will have
248. septic system - Correct Answer Small waste water system used by a single home or business.
249. sheathing - Correct Answer protective covering consisting, for example, of a layer of boards applied to the studs and joists of a building to strengthen it and serve as a foundation for a weatherproof exterior
250. siding - Correct Answer the outer covering for a home's exterior walls, designed to shed water and protect the home from the elements
251. sill plate - Correct Answer bottom piece of a frame horizontally anchored to the foundation providing a nailing surface for the floor or wall system
252. slab-on-grade construction - Correct Answer a concrete foundation but directly on the ground level. a slab on grade house or building does not have a basement

253. soffit - Correct Answer the underside of an arch, beam, or overhang or eaves
254. studs - Correct Answer the vertical beams that serve to frame the house. drywall and/or siding are attached to studs
255. asbestos - Correct Answer Mineral used extensively in insulation; inhaling fibers can cause sever respiratory diseases; particularly dangerous if friable, i.e., easily crumbled
256. carbon monoxide - Correct Answer an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon
257. chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs) - Correct Answer Organic compounds made up of atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. An example is Freon-12 (CCl2F2), used as a refrigerant in refrigerators and air conditioners and in making plastics such as Styrofoam. Gaseous CFCs can deplete the ozone layer when they slowly rise into the stratosphere and their chlorine atoms react with ozone molecules.
258. due diligence - Correct Answer After a buyer and seller have agreed on a purchase price, the buyer is provided time to verify the information that has been provided by the seller. For example, the buyer will want to verify the magnitude of certain operating expenses, the current rent charged to tenants, the lack of environmental problems, etc. This process of "kicking the tires" before final closing is the due-diligence process.
259. electromagnetic fields - Correct Answer field of force that is due to the interaction of electric and magnetic forces of charged bodies
260. environmental impact statement (eis) - Correct Answer a report of results from detailed studies that assess the potential effects on the environment that would likely result from development projects or other actions undertaken by the government.
261. external environmental hazards - Correct Answer concerns that exist outside the actual property site and negatively affects a property's value
262. external obsolescence - Correct Answer Incurable depreciation caused by factors not on the subject property, such as environmental, social, or economic factors. 18:
263. freon - Correct Answer any of a number of CFCs used as refrigerants
264. friable - Correct Answer Easily crumbled asbestos releasing it into the air

265. groundwater - Correct Answer water stored beneath the Earth's surface
266. high-tension power lines - Correct Answer large transmission cables carrying electrical energy
267. internal environmental hazards - Correct Answer an environmental hazard that occurs within a property
268. methamphetamine - Correct Answer A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.
269. mold - Correct Answer a fungus that can release toxins into the environment causing allergic reactions in some people
270. mycotoxin - Correct Answer a toxic substance caused by some molds
271. nuisance - Correct Answer interference with the right of quiet enjoyment of property.
272. radon gas - Correct Answer a naturally occurring radioactive gas that emanates from rocks, soil and water because of the decay of uranium
273. residential lead-based paint hazard reduction act - Correct Answer requires two disclosures to be given to all prospective purchasers and tenants a lead-based paint disclosure statement must be attached to properties built before 1978 and a lead hazard pamphlet must be given; purchasers must be given 10 days to conduct inspections
274. sick building syndrome - Correct Answer when the majority of a building's occupants experience certain symptoms that vary with the amount of time spent in the building.
275. stachybotrys - Correct Answer .opportunistic pathogen that has been found growing on water damaged walls of homes; preliminary reports connect the toxic spores with fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in infants
276. transformers - Correct Answer device which increases or decreases voltage
277. underground storage tanks (usts) - Correct Answer Commonly found on sites where petroleum products are used or where gas stations and auto repair shops are located. In residential areas, tanks are used to store heating oil. Over time, neglected tanks may leak hazardous substances into the environment. 21:385

278. urea-formaldehyde - Correct Answer .First used in building materials and insulation in 1970. Gases leak from this foam as it hardens & become trapped in buildings. It is known to cause cancer in animals, but effect on humans in inconclusive. Can cause respiratory problems, asthma & eye & skin irritations.
279. wetlands - Correct Answer Ecosystems of several types in which vegetation is surrounded by stand water during part of the year
280. appraisal - Correct Answer evaluation or estimation of worth
281. assessed value - Correct Answer The value of an asset determined by tax authorities for the purpose of calculating taxes
282. comparative market analysis (cma) - Correct Answer The analysis of sales of similar recently sold properties in order to derive an indication of the probable sales price of a particular property by a licensed real estate broker
283. cost - Correct Answer the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)
284. cost approach - Correct Answer an approach to appraisal which considers the price of resources necessary to build the same or a similar property. It is the only approach which places a separate value on the land.
285. depreciation - Correct Answer a decrease in price or value
286. direct cost - Correct Answer A cost that can be easily and conveniently traced to a specified cost object.
287. evaluation - Correct Answer an appraisal of the value of something
288. external obsolescence - Correct Answer Losses of property value caused by forces or conditions beyond the borders of the property. The losses are deducted from a building's reproduction cost in the cost approach to estimating market value.
289. income approach - Correct Answer ...,The process of estimated the value of an income producing property through capitalization of the annual net income expected to be produced by the property during its remaining useful life
290. indirect cost - Correct Answer A cost that cannot be easily and conveniently traced to a specified cost object.
291. insured value - Correct Answer Dollar amount used to determine insurance amount.

292. location/situs - Correct Answer place where something exists
293. mortgage value - Correct Answer Normally establishes the value by appraisal, it represents the value the lender is willing to commit.
294. plottage - Correct Answer Combining two or more parcels of land with a resulting increase in total value.
295. price - Correct Answer the amount a ready, willing, and able buyer agrees to pay for a property and a seller agrees to accept
296. residential market analysis - Correct Answer in depth study of a listing as it stands on its own, as well as in light of current market conditions
297. sales comparison approach - Correct Answer .The process of estimating the value of a property by examining and comparing actual sales of comparable properties.
298. valuation - Correct Answer Estimated worth or price. Estimation. The act of valuing by appraisal.
299. acre - Correct Answer .A measure of land equal to 43,560 square feet.
300. commission - Correct Answer a fee for services rendered based on a percentage of an amount received or collected or agreed to be paid (as distinguished from a salary)
301. cubic feet - Correct Answer the volume of a cube that is one foot on each side; ft³
302. frontage - Correct Answer the face or front of a building
303. hectare - Correct Answer A metric unit of square measure, equal to 100 ares (2.471 acres or 10,000 square meters).
304. interest - Correct Answer .a fixed charge for borrowing money; usually a percentage of the amount borrowed; "how much interest do you pay on your mortgage?"
305. net to seller - Correct Answer An estimate of the money a seller should receive from a real estate transaction, based on a certain selling price after all costs and expenses have been paid.
306. perimeter - Correct Answer the size of something as given by the distance around it

307. square feet - Correct Answer .a unit measure for area. A square foot is the area of a square with 1 foot sides.
308. Americans with disabilities act (ada) - Correct Answer .Act that prohibits discrimination against a qualified individual with a disability because of the disability of such individual.
309. blockbusting - Correct Answer Illegal practice of inducing homeowners to sell their properties by telling them that a certain people of a certain race, national origin or religion are moving into the area
310. cease and desist list - Correct Answer A list of of homeowners compiled by the DOS in a cease and decease zone who do not want to be solicited by Real Estate agents.
311. civil rights act of 1866 - Correct Answer Passed by congress on 9th april 1866 over the veto of president andrew johnson. The act declared that all persons born in the united states were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition.
312. department of housing and urban development (hud) - Correct Answer A federal cabinet dept active in national housihng programs;offers programs su h as urban renewal, public housing, model cities, rehabilitation loans, FHA subsidies, fair housing enforcement
313. disability - Correct Answer physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities such as bathing, dressing, etc.
314. discrimination - Correct Answer unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice
315. fair housing act of 1968 - Correct Answer -Increased mortgage funding availability -Protected Discrimination List: -Race -Color -Religion -National Origin -Gender (Amended in 1974) -Prohibits BLOCKBUSTING
316. familial status - Correct Answer In fair housing, at least one person over the age of 18 having legal custody of one person under 18, includes pregnant women and foster children

317. filtering down - Correct Answer The process by which housing units formerly occupied by middle- and upper-income families decline in quality and value and become available to lower-income occupants.
318. marital status - Correct Answer the condition of being married or unmarried
319. nys human rights law - Correct Answer Was created to prevent discrimination in residential and commercial real estate,a s well as employment, public accommodations, places of amusement, and educational institutions
320. non-solicitation order - Correct Answer prohibits the solicitation of residential property listings, and applies to all real estate brokers and agents; ruled unconstitutional by the US court of appeals
321. public accommodation - Correct Answer The Americans with Disabilities Act provides for access to public transportation, public accommodation and commercial facilities the same as an able-bodied person.
322. redlining - Correct Answer Illegal practice of refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies in specific areas for reasons other than economic qualifications of applicants
323. steering - Correct Answer Illegal practice of channeling home seekers to particular neighborhoods based on race, religion, national origin; an illegal limitation of a purchaser's options
324. tester - Correct Answer an individual posing as a potential purchaser to determine whether discrimination exists in a real estate transaction.
325. as is - Correct Answer A phrase which disclaims any promises or warranties. A person purchasing real estate "as is" takes it in exactly the condition in which it is found. Seller cannot hide latent defects.
326. assignment - Correct Answer one party (assignor) transferring rights or interests under a contract to another person (assignee) IN ny all contracts are assignable unless the contract states otherwise
327. bilateral/unilateral - Correct Answer bilateral contracts arise when a promise is given in exchange for a returned promise (a promise for a promise) , unilateral contracts result when an offer can only be accepted by the offeree's performance aka "a promise for an act"
328. consideration - Correct Answer Something of value that gets a person to enter into a contract; owner of property promises to convey marketable title and the buyer promises a certain amount of money