Emergency Medical Response: Airway Management and Circulatory Support, Exams of Nursing

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NYS EMT STATE EXAM WRITTEN LATEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |AGRADE Which of the following arteries is the MOST RELIABLE for detecting an adult's pulse? -Brachial -Femoral -Carotid -Radial? - ANSWER- Carotid Difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, and inability to concentrate are all warning signs of: -Type A personality -Job burn-out -Diabetes -Stress - ANSWER- Stress A special kind of stress encountered by emergency responders that results from exposure to incidents of a critical nature is: -Pre-incident stress -Personal stress -Workplace stress -Critical incident stress - ANSWER- Critical incident stress Which of the following is a warning sign of stress? -Isolation -Loss of appetite -Problems sleeping -Anxiety -All of the above - ANSWER- All of the above During the Initial Assessment, after ensuring adequate respiration, what is the NEST step in caring for a patient? -Ensure adequate circulation -Immobilize angulated fractures -Check for paralysis of the limbs -Determine level of consciousness - ANSWER- Ensure adequate circulation As you lift a patient into the rear of the ambulance, a reporter recognizes the patient as a state senator. Immediately, the press demands to be told what has happened to the Senator. You should: -Advise the press that you are unable to comment -Deny that patient is the Senator -Tell the press your diagnosis -Advise the press to contact the Senator's family - ANSWER- Advise the press that you are unable to comment If the patient care protocols have been revised, it is the EMS Provider's responsibility to: -Respirations, hemorrhage, pulse -Hemorrhage, pulse, respirations -Respirations, pulse, hemorrhage - ANSWER- Respirations, pulse, hemorrhage If a life-threatening problem is discovered during the Initial Assessment, you should: -Finish the Initial Assessment and then go back to correct the problem -Complete both the Initial Assessment and the secondary survey -Transport the patient to the hospital immediately -Correct the problem before continuing with the Initial Assessment - ANSWER- Correct the problem before continuing with the Initial Assessment In assessing a pediatric trauma patient's capillary refill time, a normal finding would be a refill time of: -Greater than 5 seconds -Less than 2 seconds -Greater than 2 seconds -Greater than 4 seconds - ANSWER- Less than 2 seconds All of the following are symptoms EXCEPT: -Headache -Weak pulse -Chest pain -Nausea - ANSWER- Weak Pulse Which of the following is an example of a sign? -Cyanosis -Nausea -Dizziness -Chest Pain - ANSWER- Cyanosis You are assessing an unconscious patient who responds to a sternal rub by moaning. Using AVPU how would this patient be described: -Alert -Verbally -Painful stimulus -Unresponsive - ANSWER- Painful stimulus AVPU determines level of consciousness After you have determined that the scene is safe, the FIRST step in caring for a patient is to: -Check for a carotid pulse -Open the airway -Determine unresponsiveness -Check for breathing - ANSWER- Determine unresponsiveness When performing a physical exam, the EMT must inspect and palpate for deformities, tenderness, swelling, and: -Open injuries -Opportunistic infections -Occlusive injuries -Osteoporosis - ANSWER- Open injuries Deformities, Open injuries, Tenderness, Swelling Providing care within the scope of practice would be considered behavior in accordance with: -The sovereign immunity doctrine -Approved protocols -Professional Standards -Institutional Standards - ANSWER- Professional Standards The extent of medical procedures a EMT is authorized to perform is called the: -Medical release -Scope of practice/care -Duty to act -Physician relationship -Skill set - ANSWER- Scope of practice/care Which of the following is the EMT's BEST defense in a lawsuit? -Excellent documentation of patient care -Current certification -Knowledge of all legal aspects of emergency care -Being proficient - ANSWER- Excellent documentation of patient care EMS providers must be certified to perform legally at their level of training. The New York State law that establishes this level is the: -Good Samaritan Law -General Municipal Law -Medical License Law -Public Health Law - ANSWER- Public Health Law -Administer oxygen by a non-rebreather mask -Suction the patient's pharynx - ANSWER- Treat the patient as a complete airway obstruction patient The signs and symptoms of inadequate breathing are: -A sudden attack of a dry hacking cough with pain -Immediate air hunger and mild cyanosis followed by slow and shallow respirations -Sudden shortness of breath with productive cough producing rusty sputum Sudden shortness of breath, unequal chest expansion and diminished breath sounds - ANSWER- Sudden shortness of breath, unequal chest expansion and diminished breath sounds The only artery that carries unoxygenated blood away from the heart is called the: -Coronary arteriole -Hepatic artery -Pulmonary artery -Aorta - ANSWER- Pulmonary artery You arrive at the scene of a call and find an unconscious adult victim. The initial attempt to ventilate proves unsuccessful. The NEXT step should be: -Deliver 5 abdominal thrusts -Check carotid pulse -Reposition the head and attempt to ventilate again -Reposition the head and perform a finger sweep - ANSWER- Reposition the head and attempt to ventilate again When taking Vital Signs on an unstable patient it is important to take them every: -2-3 minutes -5 minutes -10 minutes -15 minutes - ANSWER- 5 minutes Vital signs for a stable patient is every 15 minutes When you are administering mouth-to-mask ventilations without supplemental oxygen, approximately how much oxygen are you providing for the non-breathing patient: -16% -18% -20% -21% - ANSWER- 16% With supplemental oxygen 50% Standard oxygen cylinders are fully pressurized to approximately: -1500 psi -2000 psi -2500 psi -3000 psi - ANSWER- 2000 psi Which of the following is a description of the correct placement for AED electrodes? -Under the right clavicle and over the lower left rib cage -Under the right clavicle and on the patients lower stomach -On the sternum and over the lower left rib cage Finger sweeps, back slaps, and abdominal thrusts - ANSWER- Back slaps and chest thrusts The management of airway obstruction in the unconscious infant includes: -Back slaps and chest thrusts -Back slaps, abdominal thrusts, and chest thrusts -Perform CPR and check mouth after each cycle -Finger sweeps, back slaps, and abdominal thrusts - ANSWER- Perform CPR and check mouth after each cycle Infant, child, and adult unconscious airway obstruction check mouth then perform CPR and check mouth again after each cycle In caring for a non-breathing patient with a stoma or tracheostomy tube; the EMS Provider must: -Use a nasopharyngeal airway -Use extra force with each ventilation -Cover the neck opening -Ventilate through the neck opening - ANSWER- Ventilate through the neck opening A correct statement concerning airway management of a patient who has a suspected spinal cord injury is that: -The cord injury takes precedence over the airway; the patient can be ventilated only if this can be done without moving the cord The airway takes precedence over the cord injury; the airway must be opened regardless of the damage it might do to the cord -There is no difference in management; in the presence of a cord injury, the airway is still opened in the usual way -Special techniques must be employed to open the airway without moving the cord - ANSWER- Special techniques must be employed to open the airway without moving the cord The ratio of compression to ventilations when one or two rescuers apply CPR to an adult is: -15:1 -15:2 -30:1 -30:2 - ANSWER- 30:2 Child and infant one rescuer - 30:2 Child and infant two rescuer 15:2 When CPR is being performed on a child, the rate of chest compression is: -60/min -70/min -100/min -120/min - ANSWER- 100/min -Quick jabs are effective in providing pulses of blood to the brain -70% of the cycle should be compression and 30% of the cycle should be relaxation -Quick jabs produce jets of blood flow out of the heart and enhance stroke volume - ANSWER- Quick jabs and sudden jerking movement should be avoided when compressing the chest To perform external cardiac compressions on a four-year-old child, you should use the: -Tips of the fingers -Thumbs of both hands -Heel of one hand -Heel of your foot - ANSWER- Heel of one hand The area of external cardiac compression on an infant should be: -At the nipple line -One finger-width above the nipple line -One finger-width below the nipple line -The upper half of the sternum - ANSWER- One finger-width below the nipple line Or 2-Thumb encircling the chest with 2 person CPR Child and adult the area of external compression is center of chest between the nipples In reference to performing external cardiac compressions you should: -Pump lightly and pump fast -Pump hard and pump slow -Pump diligently and pump slow -Pump hard and pump fast - ANSWER- Pump hard and pump fast Full chest recoil When checking for signs of circulation on a non-breathing adult the pulse check should last for: -2 to 5 seconds -5 to 10 seconds -10 to 15 seconds -15 to 20 seconds - ANSWER- 5 to 10 seconds The length of a pulse and breathing checks are the same for adult, child and infants 5 to 10 seconds Which of the following statements regarding nasopharyngeal airways (NPA) is TRUE? -NPAs should be used only in the left nostril NPAs should be coated with water-soluble lubricant prior to insertion NPAs are more likely to stimulate a gag reflex than would an OPA If an obstruction is encountered as a NPA is first introduced, you should immediately switch to an OPA - ANSWER- NPAs should be coated with watersoluble lubricant prior to insertion You have inserted an OPA into the mouth of an unconscious victim who reacts by having a gag reflex. You should: -Remove the airway -Remove the airway, the reinsert it -Pull the airway out slightly -Use a smaller sized airway - ANSWER- Remove the airway If slight gastric distention occurs in a patient as a result of positive pressure ventilation, the first action the EMT should take is to: -Give abdominal thrusts to expel the air -Ventilate with just enough volume for visible chest rise -Keep the patients head and shoulders higher then the chest -Keep the patients head and shoulders lower then the chest - ANSWER- Ventilate with just enough volume for visible chest rise In mouth-to-mask ventilation, the stomach is likely to be distended if too great a force is used to inflate the lungs. Lung ventilation may become more difficult because stomach inflation: An unconscious, breathing 18 year-old patient has been rescued from a car that had the engine running. The patient's skin is red; vital signs are: Pulse 88, R = 18. Oxygen should be administered with which of the following devices? Nasal cannula Simple face mask Venturi mask -Non-rebreathing mask - ANSWER- Non-rebreathing mask You are called to the home of a patient who is on physician-prescribed lowconcentration oxygen, and who is NOT in acute respiratory distress. According to the NYS BLS Treatment Protocols, which type of oxygen delivery device should you use during transport? -Non-rebreathing mask -Demand valve -Simple face mask -Nasal cannula - ANSWER- Nasal cannula For a trauma victim with a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute, shallow and irregular breathing, who is pale and has a history of emphysema, the most appropriate treatment would be to: -Use a bag valve mask with supplemental oxygen -Administer low concentration oxygen because of emphysema history -Administer supplemental oxygen with high concentration mask -Transport the patient sitting up to ease the patient's dyspnea - ANSWER- Use a bag valve mask with supplemental oxygen You are suctioning a trauma patient who has large blood clots present in the mouth. You should: Use alcohol to clear blood clots from the suction tip Insert the suction tip with the vacuum on Sweep the clots out of the mouth before suctioning -Ensure that your suction unit does not exceed 200mm Hg of negative pressure - ANSWER- Sweep the clots out of the mouth before suctioning The MAXIMUM rate for delivering oxygen via nasal cannula is: -2 liters/minute -4 liters/minute -6 liters/minute -10 liters/minute - ANSWER- 6 liters/minute When oxygen is administered using a flow restrictive oxygen powered ventilation device with a tight fitting mask, the maximum concentration obtainable is nearly: -40% -60% -80% -100% - ANSWER- 100% If a patient is in respiratory failure, how many ml of air should be given to a patient using a BVM WITH supplemental oxygen: -700 to 1000ml per ventilation over 2 seconds -600 to 800ml per ventilation over 1-2 seconds When controlling a nose bleed in a patient not having a suspected spinal injury the EMT should: -Pinch the nostrils together and have the patient sit forward -Have the patient place their head between their legs to allow for drainage -Apply warm cloths to the nose -Pinch the nostrils and wild the head backwards - ANSWER- Pinch the nostrils together and have the patient sit forward According to New York Statewide basic life support adult and pediatric patient treatment protocols, the mechanism of injury for major trauma includes all of the following EXCEPT: -Ejection from a vehicle -A fractured patella -Being struck by a vehicle moving faster then 20 miles per hour -A fall from the second or higher story of a building - ANSWER- A fractured patella When checking the lower extremities for paralysis in a conscious patient, what should the EMT do: -Check the patients reflexes by using pain -Ask the patient to wiggle his/her toes -Actively move the patients legs for them -Apply pressure to the limb until the patient says it hurts - ANSWER- Ask patient to wiggle his/her toes Compressing a pressure point on an extremity will aid in controlling bleeding: -Lateral to the injury -Medial to the injury -Distal to the injury -Proximal to the injury - ANSWER- Distal to the injury Below the point used All of the following conditions can lead to hypoperfusion (shock) EXCEPT: -Dilated blood vessels/pooling blood in the extremities -Loss of fluid volume -Increased fluid volume -Decreased cardiac output - ANSWER- Increased fluid volume Blunt or penetrating trauma to which of the following areas is MOST LIKELY to cause serious hypovolemic shock? -Chest and abdominal region -Forearm -Face -Lower leg - ANSWER- Chest and abdominal region Which of the following conditions indicate hypoperfusion (shock)? -Pulse weak and slow; slow respirations -Lethargy; a decreased pulse rate -Skin flushed; decreased blood pressure -Thirst; restlessness; rapid pulse - ANSWER- Thirst; restlessness; rapid pulse A characteristic of arterial bleeding is that it: -Is dark maroon in color -Is the easiest of all types of bleeding to control -Flows from the wound in distinct spurts -Clots very easily - ANSWER- Flows from the wound in distinct spurts Hypoperfusion (shock) is said to exist whenever there is: -An acute infection -An allergic reaction -A heart problem -Inadequate perfusion - ANSWER- Inadequate perfusion In infants and elderly people, excessive diarrhea and vomiting can lead to: -Hypovolemic shock -Pulmonary edema -Cardiogenic shock -Hypertension - ANSWER- Hypovolemic shock -Incision -Puncture - ANSWER- Laceration Nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair roots are located in which layer of the skin? -Epidermis -Dermis -Subcutaneous -Adipose - ANSWER- Dermis When checking the lower extremities of a conscious patient for paralysis, the EMS Provider should FIRST: -Look for gross deformities and feel for crepitus -Fee for pedal pulses and crepitus -Touch the patient's feet and legs and ask the patient if he or she can feel the touch -Stick the patient lightly with a pin to see if there is feeling - ANSWER- Touch the patients feet and legs and ask the patient if he or she can feel the touch The MOST SERIOUS problem associated with an injury to a joint is that this type of injury: -Is frequently accompanied by nerve and vascular damage -Often produces grotesque deformity -Is very difficult to assess -Is extremely painful - ANSWER- -Is frequently accompanied by nerve and vascular damage To assess the circulatory status of a patient's limbs distal to an injury site, you should check? -Pulses, skin temperature, and AVPU -Temperature, crepitus, and grating -Pulses, skin color, and temperature -Skin color, AVPU, and crepitus - ANSWER- Pulses, skin color, and temperature A correct statement about skeletal muscles is that they: -Relax quickly and are voluntary -Line the walls of the abdominal organs -Contract quickly and are involuntary -Contract slowly and are involuntary - ANSWER- Relax quickly and are voluntary A closed bone or joint injury is BEST defined as an injury: -With associated muscle spasms or swelling around a joint -In which there is no break in the continuity of the skin -Of a long bone with skin discoloration over the affected area -With associated ligament involvement - ANSWER- In which there is no break in the continuity of the skin A patient with a clavicle injury may TYPICALLY exhibit which of the following? -Shortening of the injured arm -Lengthening of the injured arm -Dropped shoulder -Dropped wrist - ANSWER- Dropped shoulder To control a nosebleed in a patient WITHOUT suspected spinal trauma, the EMS Provider should: -Have the patient sit upright with the head tilted backward. -Apply tepid compresses to the patient's face and nose. -Have the patient positioned forward with the head between the legs. -Pinch the patient's nostrils together and sit the patient leaning forward to allow drainage. - ANSWER- Pinch the patient's nostrils together and sit the patient leaning forward to allow drainage. A motor vehicle collision victim has a piece of glass that penetrated both sides of the cheek and is hemorrhaging severely. The EMT should: -Leave the glass in place and apply a dressing over the wound. -Leave the glass in place and apply a dressing on both sides of the wound. -Remove the glass from the cheek and apply a dressing on both sides of the wound. -Remove the glass from the cheek and apply a dressing on the outside of the wound only. - ANSWER- Remove the glass from the cheek and apply a dressing on both sides of the wound. If the spinal cord were severed at the waist, all body segments below the level of injury would MOST LIKELY: -Stabilize to sternum. -Position the patient on his side. -Administer high concentration oxygen. -Administer the patient's prescribed nitroglycerin. - ANSWER- Administer high concentration oxygen. Signs and symptoms of multiple broken ribs include: -Unequal chest expansion, inadequate breathing, deformity, and pain. -Rapid breathing, chest pain, rapid weak pulse, and cyanosis. -Equal chest expansion, slow weak pulse, cyanosis, and chest pain. -Slow breathing, cyanosis, chest pain, and rapid weak pulse. - ANSWER- Unequal chest expansion, inadequate breathing, deformity, and pain. You are called to a multi-casualty incident. Which one of the following patients should be treated first: -A 56-year-old male with chest pain, shallow respiration, a weak pulse, and clammy skin. -A 10-year-old female with bright red blood spurting from a wound in her leg. -A 23-year-old female who is uninjured but in the first stage of labor. -A 35-year-old male with second-degree burns on both arms. - ANSWER- A 10year-old female with bright red blood spurting from a wound in her leg. Which of the following is an effective method of quickly assessing the circulatory status of a trauma victim? -Completion of the AVPU scale for this patient. -Listening to the patient's heart with a stethoscope. -Taking the patient's blood pressure on each arm. -Squeezing the patient's finger to check capillary refill. - ANSWER- Completion of the AVPU scale for this patient. When you are observing paradoxical motion, the flail chest section will be seen to: -Remain perfectly still while the chest cage moves in and out. -Move in the opposite direction of the rest of the chest cage as the patient breathes in and out. -Move outward an excessive distance in relation to the remainder of the rib cage as the patient breathes. -Move in and out with the chest cage as the patient breathes. - ANSWER- Move in the opposite direction of the rest of the chest cage as the patient breathes in and out. During an Initial Assessment, an EMS Provider detects a bullet wound to the patient's chest. The patient is having difficulty breathing. The EMS Provider should: -Stabilize the chest wound and complete a detailed physical examination. -Apply an occlusive dressing, continue the initial assessment and transport. -Stabilize the chest wound and obtain the patient's history. -Begin ventilations and continue the detailed physical examination. - ANSWER- Apply an occlusive dressing, continue the initial assessment and transport. When treating a trauma patient who has been evaluated and classified as unstable, the EMT should complete the on-scene treatment and prepare for transport within: -10 minutes. -15 minutes. -30 minutes. -The Golden Hour. - ANSWER- 10 minutes A high school football player has received a hard direct blow to the abdomen. Which of the following may indicate internal bleeding? -Profuse bleeding from the bowels, deep slow breathing, slow pulse. -Weak rapid pulse, tenderness, guarding, or pain in the abdomen. -Deep slow breathing, normal pulse, warm, dry skin. -Warm dry skin, rapid pulse, nausea, deep regular breathing. - ANSWER- Weak rapid pulse, tenderness, guarding, or pain in the abdomen. When you are providing treatment for a patient with an abdominal injury, all of the following actions are appropriate EXCEPT: -Administering high-concentration oxygen. -Positioning the patient face up with knees flexed. -Saving the vomitus for transport. -Providing a drink of water. - ANSWER- Providing a drink of water. A patient who has abdominal pain should be assessed: -Only by a patient's physician. -By deeply palpating the abdomen. -Appear loose and will lack muscle tone when it is moved by the EMS provider. - ANSWER- Appear loose and will lack muscle tone when it is moved by the EMS provider. A woman in her late 40s has been complaining of headaches and vision difficulties. On your arrival, you find that she is responsive to pain and has a droopy eyelid, unequal pupils, and slow shallow respirations. Your FIRST action should be: -Immobilize the patient on a long backboard. -Administer glucose. -Administer high-concentration oxygen. -Assist the patient in administering her EpiPen. - ANSWER- Administer highconcentration oxygen. In which of the following positions should a nontraumatic conscious patient showing signs and symptoms of an altered mental status be transported? -Prone, with head elevated. -Supine, with feet elevated. -Laterally, with feet elevated. Supine, with head elevated. - ANSWER- Supine, with head elevated. Which of the following are signs of hypoglycemia with AMS (Altered Mental Status)? -Flushed face, cold clammy skin, rapid respirations, appears intoxicated. -Pale face, sweet-smelling breath, slow respirations. -Elevated heart rate, cold clammy skin, mental irritability, appears intoxicated. -Flushed face, warm dry skin, rapid respirations. - ANSWER- Elevated heart rate, cold clammy skin, mental irritability, appears intoxicated. When a diabetic becomes hyperglycemic, he/she may have: -Taken to much insulin. -Not taken enough insulin. -Exercised to much. -Not eaten. - ANSWER- Not taken enough insulin. When a patient has ingested poison, you should: -Always induce vomiting. -Always give the universal antidote immediately. -Never induce vomiting under any circumstances. -Never induce vomiting if the ingested poison is a corrosive. - ANSWER- Never induce vomiting if the ingested poison is a corrosive. Which of the following oxygen delivery devices should be used for treatment of a conscious patient who has inhaled a poisonous gas? -Partial-rebreathing mask -Simple face mask -Non-rebreathing mask -Venturi mask - ANSWER- Non-rebreathing mask What is the FIRST thing you should do when treating a patient for an overdose of drugs? -Call the local poison control center for information. -Restrain the patient to prevent the possibility of self-injury. -Ensure the patient has an adequate airway. -Notify the police of an overdose situation. - ANSWER- Ensure the patient has an adequate airway. To help a person who is having breathing difficulty, the EMS Provider should: -Elevate the patient's legs. -Make the patient lie down. -Administer oxygen. -Administer epinephrine. - ANSWER- Administer oxygen. According to one theory, the way in which nitroglycerine relieves chest pain is by: Dilating coronary arteries. -Upwind from the incident. -Perpendicular. - ANSWER- Upwind from the incident. When examining a patient who has ingested a poison and is conscious and alert, you should be especially observant for: -Cyanosis. -Respiratory difficulties. -Rising blood pressure. -Increased urinary output. - ANSWER- Respiratory difficulties. The uterus is massaged after the placenta is delivered in order to: -Reduce pain. -Control bleeding -Relax the mother. -Increase heart rate. - ANSWER- Control bleeding The birth canal consists of the cervix and the: -Placenta. -Amniotic sac. -Vagina. -Umbilical cord. - ANSWER- Vagina. If the umbilical is still pulsating following a normal delivery, the new born baby should be positioned so that it is: -Allowed to nurse. -Kept at the level of the mother's vagina. -Kept below the level of the mother's vagina. -Kept above the level of the mother's abdomen. - ANSWER- Kept at the level of the mother's vagina. During a breech delivery, the head has not emerged within 3 minutes. At this point, the EMT should: -Form an airway with one or two gloved fingers that push the vaginal wall away from the infant's face. -Support the infant's body and provide gentle traction until the head emerges. -Place the mother in a laterally recumbent position. -Place a gloved finger inside the vagina near the umbilical cord to keep pressure off the cord. - ANSWER- Form an airway with one or two gloved fingers that push the vaginal wall away from the infant's face. While assisting at an emergency (normal) childbirth, it is important for you to remember that you should: -Guide, but not pull the baby out. -Encourage the mother to sit up between contractions. -Tell the mother to breathe normally through her nose. -Tell the mother to strain with each contraction. - ANSWER- Guide, but not pull the baby out Support the baby's head to prevent an explosive delivery You are assisting in an emergency childbirth. The baby's head has completely emerged, and you are supporting it with one hand. At this point you should: -Turn the baby's head to one side to assist in delivery of the shoulders. -Gently pull on the baby's head to ensure delivery of the rest of the body. -Remove the cord if it is wrapped around the infants neck and suction the mouth and nose. -Apply pressure to the baby's head to avoid an explosive delivery of the shoulders. - ANSWER- Remove the cord if it is wrapped around the infants neck and suction the mouth and nose. During a delivery, if the umbilical cord is wrapped around the infant's neck and you CANNOT slip it free, you should: -Transport immediately and not cut the cord. -Ask the mother to push. -Clamp the cord immediately and cut between the clamps. -Cut the cord without clamps. - ANSWER- Clamp the cord immediately and cut between the clamps. The FIRST objective in the care of any burn is to: -Stop the burning process. -Exclude air from the area of the burn. -Not attempt to rewarm. -Briskly massage the extremity. -Immerse the extremity in water that is well below normal body temperature. -Rapidly rewarm the extremity in a warm water bath. - ANSWER- Rapidly rewarm the extremity in a warm water bath. When assessing the pulse of a hypothermic patient, you should check the pulse for: -15 to 20 seconds. -30 to 45 seconds. -60 to 90 seconds. -1 to 2 minutes. - ANSWER- 30 to 45 seconds When caring for an alert, responsive, hypothermic patient, you should: -Delay transport until rewarming is complete. -Move the extremities to stimulate blood flow. -Apply heat packs to the groin, axillary, and cervical regions. -Administer fluids with caffeine. - ANSWER- Apply heat packs to the groin, axillary, and cervical regions. You respond to a call for a possible suicide. A 16 year-old female is locked in the basement. The patient's mother does not know if the patient has a weapon. Your first action should be: -Request police assistance before entering the basement. -Ask the mother to unlock the door. -Instruct the patient to unlock the door and determine if a weapon is present. -Force open the door and observe. - ANSWER- Request police assistance before entering the basement. If you suspect the patient is a victim of child abuse, you should: -Confront the parents with these suspicions and inform the child welfare agency. -Document the observation on the prehospital care report (PCR) and notify the emergency room staff. -Avoid reporting these suspicions, since doing so could make you liable to a lawsuit. -Avoid reporting these suspicions in the absence of definitive proof. - ANSWER- Document the observation on the prehospital care report (PCR) and notify the emergency room staff. Your primary responsibility is to assess and provide appropriate care At the scene of an accident, an unconscious non-breathing male patient is found trapped in a vehicle in a sitting position. Although the victim can be reached, he cannot be immediately extricated from the vehicle. Your INITIAL action to aid the patient should be to: -Manually stabilize his head and gently remove him to a flat surface. -Support him in an upright position and immobilize a short spine board. -Manually stabilize his head and establish an airway. -Apply an extrication collar and administer oxygen using a non-rebreathing mask. - ANSWER- Manually stabilize his head and establish an airway. At the scene of a vehicle extrication, which patient would be the LEAST priority. -50 year old female in cardiac arrest -20 year old needing heavy extended extrication -30 year old pinned needing light tools for extrication -40 year old lightly pinned and can be removed easily - ANSWER- 50 year old female in cardiac arrest The operator of an emergency vehicle must remember that the NYS vehicle and traffic law grants all of the following privileges to emergency vehicles during an emergency EXCEPT: -Passing other vehicles in a no-passing zone. -Driving the wrong way on a one-way street. -Proceeding through a red light. -Absolute right of way. - ANSWER- Absolute right of way. All of following statements regarding a well-written prehospital care report (PCR) are corrected EXCEPT that this report: -Facilitates the transmission of information to the hospital staff. -Includes relevant information. -Contains the EMS provider's personal opinion of the patient's socioeconomic status. -Serves as legal documentation in a court of law. - ANSWER- Contains the EMS provider's personal opinion of the patient's socioeconomic status. Utricaria - ANSWER- hives What are the different stages of hypothermia? - ANSWER- Frost Nip Frost Bite Deep Frost bite Necrosis The three stages of hyperthermia - ANSWER- Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke Heat Cramps - ANSWER- Headache, muscle cramps, sweating Heat Exhaustion - ANSWER- Clammy skin, nausea, headache Heat Stroke - ANSWER- Unconscious, unable to sweat, dry flushed skin 1st degree burn - ANSWER- Only the surface level is burned, like a sun burn 2nd degree burn - ANSWER- Blisters, the dermis is burned 3rd degree burn - ANSWER- White and chalky skin, the burn is deepest What position should pregnant women be put at and why? - ANSWER- Left Recumbant Position to avoid the baby putting pressure on the inferior vena cava What does APGAR stand for? - ANSWER- Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiratory Effort What are the contraindications of an NPA? - ANSWER- Serious Head or neck trauma or an infant Yankauer tip - ANSWER- The tip is rigid, for suctioning French tip - ANSWER- The tip is soft for suctioning What is carina - ANSWER- The point at which the trachea seperates into right and left valecula - ANSWER- The are between the opening of the larynx and the tongue What is the nromal drive of breathing? - ANSWER- the level of CO2 in the body What is the hypoxic drive of breathing? - ANSWER- The level of O2 in the body Apnea - ANSWER- Not breathing Dyspnea - ANSWER- Difficulty breathing Hyperpnea - ANSWER- Breathing too much (deep ventilations) Orthopnea - ANSWER- Difficulty breathing when lying down Cheyne-Stokes - ANSWER- Periods of irregular breathing followed by apnea Eupnena - ANSWER- normal breathing Kussmaul Breathing - ANSWER- rapid and deep breaths Snoring - ANSWER- upper airway sounds, it indicates that something is in the way of the opening, usually the tongue Stridor - ANSWER- High pitched noises also indicates obstruction of the upper airway Rhonchi - ANSWER- Indicates problems with the bronchi and the throat *Rales - ANSWER- Moist sounds from the lower airway Adult Respiratory Rate - ANSWER- 12-20 Child Respiratory Rate - ANSWER- 15-30 *infant Respiratory Rate - ANSWER- 25-50 Pericardium - ANSWER- The sac that covers the heart Nitroglycerin dosage - ANSWER- 0.4mg Nitroglycerine contraindications - ANSWER- BP<120 Narcan dosage - ANSWER- 1mg/mL in each nostril If you see any holes near the neck cover with __________ - ANSWER- Occlusive Dressing Consequence of right sided congestive heart failure - ANSWER- Peripheral Edema Consequence of left-sided congestive heart failure - ANSWER- Pulmonary Edema AED shocks with ____J. - ANSWER- 360 What to do if you encounter a snake bite in a patient - ANSWER- Remove jewlery and treat for shock How much blood in a normal adult? - ANSWER- 6L Compensative Shock Signs - ANSWER- The pulse and respirations increase but are shallow, AMS Decompensating Shock Signs - ANSWER- Dropping BP Distributive Shock - ANSWER- Systematic vasodilation Neurogenic Shock - ANSWER- Problems with the brain cuase the dilation of vessels *Evisceration - ANSWER- Intestine Protruding *Laceration - ANSWER- Jagged Out Epistaxis - ANSWER- Nose bleed *Upper Left Quadrant - ANSWER- Stomach, Spleen, Pancreas *Upper Right Quadrant - ANSWER- Gallbladder, Liver, Pancreas Lower Left Quadrant - ANSWER- Small Intestine Lower Right Quadrant - ANSWER- Small Intestine, Appendix Epidural Hematoma - ANSWER- Bleeding between the skull and the dura matter Sub-dural hematoma - ANSWER- Bleeding between the dura matter and the brain Intracerebral Hematoma - ANSWER- Bleeding of the brain tissue Hemorrhagin means ______ while Ischemic means _______. - ANSWER- Bleeding and ischemic means clotting Status Epilepticus - ANSWER- When you have multiple strokes without consciousness between Croup - ANSWER- Viral infection in children. Stritor Epiglottis - ANSWER- Bacterial infection of the epiglottis